Todorov: that in a narrative, the character will go through five stages being Equilibrium, Disruption, Recognition Repair the Damage and Equilibrium Again.

Levi-Strauss: that in a narrative. The two protagonists will be the opposite to each other to thicken the plot.

Propp: that there are 7 types of character in a story being the villain, donor, helper, princess, dispatcher, hero and false hero.

Vogler/Campbell: that the narrative follows a 12 step structure being a call to adventure, refusal of the call, meeting a mentor, crossing the threshold, tests, approach to the inmost cave, the ordeal, the reward, the road back, the resurrection, the return and the freedom to live.

Barthes: that there are 5 narrative codes in a story being the enigma code, action code, semantic code, symbolic code and the cultural code.

a fictional story in films that follow a certain structure of events usually through cause and effect.

Realism: an example of realism would be the film This is England. Presenting real world issues in a grounded setting. It uses natural lighting with simple cinematography as well as non actors playing roles to feel more real and less dramatic. following kitchen sink realism feeling more like a documentary than a made up story.

Expressionism: an example of expressionism would be the film trainspotting. Having scenes that reflect Renton’s mindset opposing what is really happening as seen in where him rummaging through a toilet is instead shown as him swimming in the ocean. This results in more abstract scenes which play around more with lighting, mise en scene and cinematography.

strike: The film strike reflects both realism and expressionism. Having the film portray the issues the real world workers went through as well as presenting them realistically. However intellectual montage is used in the film having antagonists represent different animals and acting in ways that are out of touch with reality. The rich in the film are overexaggerated wearing overly expensive cloths and drinking luxury drinks showing how the film is the directors perspective of the workers rather than the complete truth.

intellectual montage:

in the final scene of strike. Intellectual montage is used cutting between the strikers being killed and a cow having its throat cut. Giving the comparison that the people are being slaughtered as if they were animals.

metric montage:

metric montage is used in this scene to give a steady flow of events showing many different angles and perspectives of the strikers being attacked.

rhythmic montage:

this type of montage is used here cutting to different shots as the man falls to his death.

rhythmic montage:

This type of montage is used within the film green book. An example being the opening scene where the camera changes shots as Tony punches a man as well as cutting to the different instruments as a band is playing.

tonal editing:

The opening of dune uses tonal editing to show the planet as barren and dangerous. Starting with a shot of the dessert, then a menacing ship lights hidden in a sandstorm and finally a group of people wearing ragged, tactical clothing.

intellectual montage:

in the show breaking bad, intellectual montage is used in the scene where they clean up a dead body. It starts of with a broom mopping up blood which then cuts to another character dipping a chip in ketchup making a dark comedic effect which wouldn’t be possible without the first clip.

Battleship Potemkin, directed by Sergei Eisenstein, 1925

Semyon Semyonov, directed by Turksib, 1929

Nikolai Prusakov – Man of Fire, 1929