Moonlight – 49:00 -52:00

Joker – 34:00-36:00

Realism – Where there is an unaltered truth being portrayed, that can be seen in real life. Examples include:

• This is England – When Combo and his gang first appear, everyone is terrified, and the camera is put amongst the others at eye level, making us feel like we’re really there.

• Moonlight – Where Chiron at the start of the film is being chased by boys who are bullying him, it doesn’t use any abstract shots, but lets us see his unaltered fear.

Expressionism – Where abstract and surreal shots are used to highlight certain ideas or themes. Examples include:

• Trainspotting – when Renton is entering the Mother Superior’s room which is lit with primarily red and then sinks into the floor as he goes deeper into his high.

• Strike: – When the villains are being linked with their animal counterparts to show their personality, such as this person being linked with an owl as he mimics the blinking.

Eisenstein’s merges the two to great extent during intellectual montages, usually putting a expressionist shot before a realist shot to convey a new meaning.

• Here the bears are chained up and being used like puppets for amusement (expressionist shot) and this is followed by the workers grouping together to fight the power (realist shot). This creates the new sense that the workers are just like the bears, chained and used with no regard for well being.

• Here there is is a cow being mindlessly and brutally slaughtered (expressionist shot) and this is followed by a mass pile of civilians, dead, shot down by the army (realist shot). This gives the new sense that for the army to murder these people is just like killing livestock.

Ideological Analysis

Joker 7:54-9:16

Moonlight 58:00-59:41

Joker: 30:55-36:14

Moonlight: 58:35-1:3:16

Intellectual Montage

Intellectual Montage is sued with scenes cutting between the workers and the slaughter of a cow. This is Representative of how the workers are being treated like farm animals and being slaughtered by the government.

Tonal Editing Montage

There is many moments in the film where we see tonal editing montage such as the various scenes of animal abuse throughout the film such as the man kicking the cat. A good example is the scene where a worker is trapped between a door. The use of lighting is used to make his position look more dire and uncomfortable.

Metric Montage

The metric Montages in the film are impact to the story, for example the scene where a the firefighters don’t extinguish the fire on the house.

Over Tonal Montage

A good example of Over Tonal Montage is when the worker are killed by the soldiers , this makes good use of the tone of the film

Rhythmic Montage

A rhythmic montage is used in the scene where a mother is beaten for trying to save her son from the army.

Soviet Constructivism is an early twentieth century art movement founded in 1915 by Vladimir Tallinn. The purpose of it was in favor of propaganda and social purposes that were associated with Soviet Socialism. An example of this is El Blitzkriegs poster Beat the whites with the red wedge. This had major effects in the 20th century influencing major trends such as architecture, graphic design, industrial design, theater and dance.

Battleship Potemkin(1925)

Zvenigora(1928(

Man with a movie camera(1929)

Todorov’s equilibrium- Todorov’s theory states that all narratives contain equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, resolution and new equilibrium. What this meant was that narratives are conditioned around the character and events surrounding theme are started due to an equilibrium.

Propp Spheres of Action- Propp’s theorized that characters within a narrative are driven through their action types and function within a story, Such as a hero, villain, helpers, sidekicks etc.

Levi Strauss Binary Oppositions- His theory states that the majority of narratives contain opposing main characters, such as with Hero’s and Villains’s, the opposition between the 2 thickening the plot and further the narrative.

Barthes Narrative Codes- Barthes theory of narrative codes identifies 5 different kinds of semiotic elements. These 5 codes are Hermetic, Prosthetic, semantic, symbolic and cultural.

Vogler/Campbell hero journey- This theory states that a hero ventures fourth into a common world into to an extraordinary world with eh story ending back where it began.

Narration: a voice over that doesn’t directly link to what’s happening in the scene, but comes from the perspective of who is telling the story.

Backstory: A scene portraying a story that led up to the main story.

Flashback/Flashforward: Flashback, when a character reminisces on an event in the past. Flashforward, revealing what is to happen that the characters are unaware of.

Linear/non-linear narrative: Linear, following the events of a narrative in a chronological order. Non-linear, telling the events out of order

Ellipsis: Where a portion of the story is taken out to either condense the story, or allow the viewer to fill in the gap.

Framing device: Portrayed at the beginning and end of a film, a separate story that’s able to put the main story in-between, like a narration that starts and ends a story, framing the story.

Cliff-hanger/Closed endings: Cliff-hanger, an open ending that doesn’t tie up all of the questions proposed earlier in the film. Closed endings tie up any loose ends, and doesn’t leave the viewer with wanting to know more.

Macguffin: An idea, person or thing that drives the story, and puts the characters in motion.

Foreshadowing: Where an event yet to come is hinted at by someone or something.

Alignment/POV: The way we are positioned to view a character and feel sympathy towards them

Causality: cause and effect between events, as one point in a film will naturally lead to another, as to not create confusion.

In Media Res: Literally meaning in the middle of things, a film will start in the middle of action with no explanation to hook the audience into the film.

Subplot/Master plot: Subplot, a side story that accompanies the main story, but is not vital to the progression of the film. Master plot is the main story, and contains events that drive the narrative forwards.

Narrative hook: used at the start of a film to hook the viewers attention with something unusual or exciting.

Plot twist: an unexpected occurrence or change in plot that takes the story into a different direction previously expected.