Realism – Where there is an unaltered truth being portrayed, that can be seen in real life. Examples include:

• This is England – When Combo and his gang first appear, everyone is terrified, and the camera is put amongst the others at eye level, making us feel like we’re really there.

• Moonlight – Where Chiron at the start of the film is being chased by boys who are bullying him, it doesn’t use any abstract shots, but lets us see his unaltered fear.

Expressionism – Where abstract and surreal shots are used to highlight certain ideas or themes. Examples include:

• Trainspotting – when Renton is entering the Mother Superior’s room which is lit with primarily red and then sinks into the floor as he goes deeper into his high.

• Strike: – When the villains are being linked with their animal counterparts to show their personality, such as this person being linked with an owl as he mimics the blinking.

Eisenstein’s merges the two to great extent during intellectual montages, usually putting a expressionist shot before a realist shot to convey a new meaning.

• Here the bears are chained up and being used like puppets for amusement (expressionist shot) and this is followed by the workers grouping together to fight the power (realist shot). This creates the new sense that the workers are just like the bears, chained and used with no regard for well being.

• Here there is is a cow being mindlessly and brutally slaughtered (expressionist shot) and this is followed by a mass pile of civilians, dead, shot down by the army (realist shot). This gives the new sense that for the army to murder these people is just like killing livestock.