Battleship Potemkin(1925)

Zvenigora(1928(

Man with a movie camera(1929)

Todorov’s equilibrium- Todorov’s theory states that all narratives contain equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, resolution and new equilibrium. What this meant was that narratives are conditioned around the character and events surrounding theme are started due to an equilibrium.

Propp Spheres of Action- Propp’s theorized that characters within a narrative are driven through their action types and function within a story, Such as a hero, villain, helpers, sidekicks etc.

Levi Strauss Binary Oppositions- His theory states that the majority of narratives contain opposing main characters, such as with Hero’s and Villains’s, the opposition between the 2 thickening the plot and further the narrative.

Barthes Narrative Codes- Barthes theory of narrative codes identifies 5 different kinds of semiotic elements. These 5 codes are Hermetic, Prosthetic, semantic, symbolic and cultural.

Vogler/Campbell hero journey- This theory states that a hero ventures fourth into a common world into to an extraordinary world with eh story ending back where it began.

Narration: a voice over that doesn’t directly link to what’s happening in the scene, but comes from the perspective of who is telling the story.

Backstory: A scene portraying a story that led up to the main story.

Flashback/Flashforward: Flashback, when a character reminisces on an event in the past. Flashforward, revealing what is to happen that the characters are unaware of.

Linear/non-linear narrative: Linear, following the events of a narrative in a chronological order. Non-linear, telling the events out of order

Ellipsis: Where a portion of the story is taken out to either condense the story, or allow the viewer to fill in the gap.

Framing device: Portrayed at the beginning and end of a film, a separate story that’s able to put the main story in-between, like a narration that starts and ends a story, framing the story.

Cliff-hanger/Closed endings: Cliff-hanger, an open ending that doesn’t tie up all of the questions proposed earlier in the film. Closed endings tie up any loose ends, and doesn’t leave the viewer with wanting to know more.

Macguffin: An idea, person or thing that drives the story, and puts the characters in motion.

Foreshadowing: Where an event yet to come is hinted at by someone or something.

Alignment/POV: The way we are positioned to view a character and feel sympathy towards them

Causality: cause and effect between events, as one point in a film will naturally lead to another, as to not create confusion.

In Media Res: Literally meaning in the middle of things, a film will start in the middle of action with no explanation to hook the audience into the film.

Subplot/Master plot: Subplot, a side story that accompanies the main story, but is not vital to the progression of the film. Master plot is the main story, and contains events that drive the narrative forwards.

Narrative hook: used at the start of a film to hook the viewers attention with something unusual or exciting.

Plot twist: an unexpected occurrence or change in plot that takes the story into a different direction previously expected.

moonlight: a persons upbringing can become a big part of there personality. as Chiron never had a father and his mother was aggressive and an addict this changes chirone life and his personality later in his life.

Joker. This film shows that people who are victims of violence and bulling can become bullies and violent people if they don’t get the help they need both mentally and physically.

1:45:21 – 1:52:31

0:16:54 – 0:20:32

Arthur Meeting Bruce and being sent away by Alfred (51:13-55:16 mins)

Paula searching Chiron’s bag for money (41:48 – 44:35 mins)

Moonlight –

Women are treated as independent, working both functionally and unfunctionally with the removal of an either healthy or unhealthy relationship with a man. Such as With Chiron’s mum, who’s dead-beat husband left her, is relying on Chiron for support, whilst Teresa who’s Husband who sticks with her and dies of unknown causes doesn’t effect here mentally.

Joker –

The Rich upper-class are represented as privileged and oppressive. This can be seen with Bruce shown to live in a well suited environment, gated off and naïve to the quality of life of those less unfortunate. In the scene where the rich wall street guys beat up Arthur, they are shown to beat and abuse him for his poor mental state and quality of life.

Joker:

A key message in Joker shows that TV personalities treat others as tools for their show, just as Murray used Arthur as a laughing stock, and under appreciates his work.

Moonlight:

Drugs become a key part in life for some people, just as Chiron’s mother becomes dependant on it so much she tries to strip her son of his money for more crack.

moonlight: just because someone is a criminal doesn’t necessarily make them a bad person.

Joker: people can be cruel to those less fortunate, and lack empathy for them

Joker – People take desperate measures in order to improve their lives. (As seen with Arthur meeting Bruce Wayne in the hope that he will be accepted and loved as his brother).

Moonlight – Addiction can distance individuals from those close to them (which we see with the character of Paula, who grows further and further apart from her son due to her drug addiction).