In the earliest days of landscape photography, technical restraints meant that photographers were bound to working with static subjects, due to long exposure times which rendered any movement blurry. This made landscapes and cityscapes prime material for their exposures.

As the technical side of photography developed and cameras became more affordable, almost anyone could become a photographer. Whilst democratizing and diversifying the craft, this also gave form to some form of elitism, as certain artists began to distance themselves from the status quo by creating their own visual movements.

As the 20th century rolled in, the art of Landscape photography was led by American photographers who had a vast and varied landscape to play with. Their influence may also have been due to the growing influence of American cultural production and the frontier myths of manifest destiny.

Perhaps the most famous of all Landscape photographers is the legendary Ansel Adams, a dedicated environmentalist whose love of the natural world was meant to encourage people to respect and care for their planet. His stark black and white images of rivers and canyons set the precedents for landscape photographers thereafter.

Yet, the legitimacy of landscape photography as an art has always been defined alongside its relationship to painting. As a result of its existence being challenged in the context of fine art, its trajectory has also been influenced

Ansel Adams

Ansel Adams was a American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black and white of the American west.

Adams was a life-long advocate for environmental conservation and his photographic practice was deeply entwined with this advocacy. At age 14, he was given his first camera during his first visit to Yosemite national park. He developed his early photographic work as a member of the Sierra Club. He was later contracted with the United States Department of the interior to make photographs of national parks. For his work and his persistent advocacy, which helped expand the National Park system, he was awarded the  Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980.

This photograph captures Mount McKinley, the highest peak in North America, and Wonder Lake in Alaska, with the peak looming high above the lake. The photograph is known for its striking contrast and the way it evokes a sense of wildness and adventure.

in the spring of 1929, Adams and his wife Virginia spent several months with writer Mary Austin in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was during this trip that Adams and Austin decided to collaborate on a book about Santa Fe and the surrounding area. Austin introduced Adams to Mabel Dodge Luhan, the Santa Fe arts patron who was hosting artists of the caliber of Georgia O’Keeffe around the same time. Luhan was married to Tony Lujan, who was a member of the Taos tribal council and it was he who gave Adams permission to photograph at the Taos Pueblo.

One of Adams’s most famous photographs, and one of the most iconic photographs of the modern era, Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, is a dramatic image of a moon rising over the small southwest town, near Santa Fe. A scene that is momentarily both dark and light, Moonrise, shows the town’s buildings bathed in late evening light just moments before the sun will set and darkness will envelop the town. Here Adams approached photography as he would a piece of music, interpreting the negative and print like a conductor interprets a score. Adams often repeated the mantra that “a photograph is made, not taken” and in this regard, as Anne Hammond has noted, “the technical controls that Adams had perfected enabled him to realize the mortality of individual human existence confronting the eternity of the universe, the theme of life and death.”

Landscapes

Landscape photography commonly involves daylight photography of natural features of land, sky and waters, at a distance—though some landscapes may involve subjects in a scenic setting nearby, even close-up, and sometimes at night.

Ansel Adams

Romanticism

Romanticism in art and photography is about focusing on strong emotions, nature, and individual experience. It highlights beauty, imagination, and sometimes the mysterious or exotic. Think of dramatic landscapes, powerful moments, and emotional expressions. It’s less about strict realism and more about capturing the feeling of a scene. It involves romanticising certain things like nature or a certain lifestyle. For example, in photography, you might romanticise a landscape by capturing the best scenes only and perhaps putting a feeling of otherworldyness/ nostalgia. When you romanticise something, you make it seem better than it really is; in a way, everything humans think about is romanticised: the grass is always greener on the other side. An example of life being romanticised in our minds is thinking about the life of being an underground artist in New York (think Basquiat) is highly romanticised and the image of it looks really appealing/romantic, but in reality it is quite a hard life to live, and that feeling of romanticism that you get when looking at images isn’t necessarily how that person living that life might be experiencing it.​

romantisicim fact file

• Romanticism placed particular emphasis on emotion, horror, awe, terror and apprehension. Emotion and feeling were central not only to the creation of the work, but also in how it should be read.​
• Romanticism can also have a link with landscape and nature . Landscapes became subjects in their own right and were often charged with symbolism. For romantic artists, nature is a source of inspiration and escape, a refuge from the tumult of the modern world.​
• Who: artist William Blake and the Spanish painter Francisco Goya have been given the name “fathers” of Romanticism by various scholars for their works’ emphasis on subjective vision, the power of the imagination.​
• What: an artistic movement marked by the emphasis on imagination and emotions ​
• Where: romantisicm started In western Europe around the 18th century at this time the artistic and cultural movement was being revived (Neoclassicism)​
• How: With its emphasis on the imagination and emotion, Romanticism emerged as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789.​
• Why: Romanticism was born as a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. The Romanticist movement celebrated rebellion, sensation, emotion, subjectivity, and individuality and it rejected tradition, reason, rationality, and authority.

The importance of the British painters JMW Turner and John Constable

English romantic painter and water colour specialist , known for is romantic paintings that portray colourful imagery and imaginative landscapes. Joseph Mallord William born 23rd of April 1775 inspired modern art by incorporating a view of impossibility into his paintings by inviting unrealistic colouring and faded scenery to give a sense of romanticism

Sublime

• In the critical literature, “the Romantic sublime” refers to the mind’s transcendence of a natural and/or social world that finally cannot fulfill its desire. Revealed in the moment of the sublime is that the mind is not wholly of the world, but this revelation may be triggered by a particular setting in the world.​
• The sublime as defined by The Tate is : “Theory developed by Edmund Burke in the mid eighteenth century, where he defined sublime art as art that refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation.”​
• The sublime is in most creative subject areas; photography, fine art, film, writing, poetry and many more.

From all my photo shoots and all my projects that i have done i have selected my favourite 12 images, i have made a virtual gallery with all my best photos. i think these are my best photos because off the way i have edited them and the variety of different photos that there is. i used different techniques to take the photos, for example different lighting techniques or different camera settings, for some photos when editing i use similar editing techniques but not for all

in conclusion to the portraiture project what i think went well in this project is my studio photos because I got many different types of photos and used many different techniques, additionally i also liked my identity project as i think that its more than just an image and it had like a meaning to it and i liked that my photos have a meaning to it, on the other hand i think my environmental project wasn’t as good because i didn’t have as many photos and the photos weren’t as good in the future I will take a lot more environmental photos and many different types of photos which also have a meaning behind it. I think that i had a good variety of images that were mostly different in a sense and took them in different location using different models and techniques when i did.

What is identity?

identity definition dictionary

It’s a bit like your administrative identity combined with your physical characteristics, such as your date and place of birth. A photographic identity allows you to reveal yourself, to stand out among the crowd of photographers, to ensure your individuality and your irreplaceable artistic fingerprint.

i think that identity describes a person for example the way they appear, the stuff they wear. This can say a lot because it can show what there interests are, additionally identity can have a very big meaning for example like the environment a photo is taken it can be important to someone

masculinity

Masculine images typically convey power, strength, virility, athleticism, and competitiveness whereas feminine images show beauty, submissiveness, nurturance, and cooperation

i think masculine photos show how a male is compared to a women for example the male should be bigger and stronger then a women

femininity

A woman connected to her feminine essence: Chooses cooperation, kindness, and compassion over competition and dominance. Prioritizes creativity, emotional intimacy, and sensual experiences as essential to her well-being.

Claude Cahun

claude cahun is best known for her portraiture and writing, In her writing, she consistently referred to herself as elle (she), and this article follows her practice; but she also said that her actual gender was fluid. For example, in Disavowals, Cahun writes: “Masculine? Feminine? It depends on the situation. Neuter is the only gender that always suits me.” Cahun is most well known for her androgynous appearance, which challenged the strict gender roles of her time.

Claude Cahun was born Lucy Schwob in 1894. She came from a wealthy Jewish family of intellectuals and publishers. In 1918 she adopted the surname of her great uncle Léon Cahun, an Orientalist and Novelist. Her forename, Claude, in French can be either male or female or, in Claude’s case, both.

The goal for Cahuns work is to make people recognise her and that people can be different and at the end of the day everyone is still a human, she achieved these goals by going to prison and getting the death sentence and always stood by her opinion and she never switched up and when she came out of prison she carried on what she thought was right

Cahun’s connection with Jersey began early, with childhood holidays spent in Jersey and in 1939 the start of world war 2 Cahun decided to move to jersey for her safety as she was, lesbian, jewish and an artist

Image Analysis

Technical: the technical aspect of this photo is that Claude Cahun is using a low iso so less light is absorbed by the camera and it gives it the darker affect on lighter things like her hair because her hair is blonde

Visual: In this photo Cahun is angled so her head is facing the camera and the reflection is looking the other way the mirror is kind of like a barrier with her and the reflection.

Conceptual: Cahun is the main target of the photo she is the central idea of the photo, additionally she has no reaction

Contextual: the context behind this photo is that the world war 2 just started and she was Jewish, rebellious, creative and free thinking she was everything the Germans didn’t want but she always carried on and it was kind of like motivation for her

My ideas and inspiration

I want to take environmental automotive portraiture for example I want to take photos of vehicles in a natural environment, and the difference between masculinity and femininity within the vehicle industry so I can show the difference between a female and male car, I can also show the difference with the way they drive using body parts like hands and the different ways that male and females maintain there cars

my inspiration under this idea is Aaron Brimhall who is an automotive photographer, I think the way he makes his photos including vehicles is the same way I want to, by taking photos like this photographer and implementing the difference between masculinity and femininity.

this is a photo by Aaron I think its the style of photo i wanna make because it includes both masculinity with the car and femininity with the women who is in the car with her legs out if i do something similar i think it will be very good.

another artist who I think I can take inspiration from is Clare Rae this is because she implements body parts in her photo which is the main thing that I am focusing on for my project I think some of Clare Rae’s work can be put with Aarons work.

if I take photos of body parts with also a vehicle in the back it will be the goal that I am trying to achieve for this project.

I also like the idea of lad culture because it shows how boys will be boys and how they mess around, the banter boys have together, i think that i can preform good photos by doing this and also i can do the opposite and use females as well as i think it can show a difference.

from my first photo shoot i took 85 photos and found my best three photos:

this is my first feminine and masculine comparison. I think the detail of the steering wheel and the body parts holding the steering wheel so the big part in this photo is body parts because it shows the difference in how females and males hold the steering wheel

i think these photos are also very masculine because of the motorbike and the way that these two photos link, additionally i think the model in this photo looks very serious and scary to an extent. to edit these photos i added more lighting, exposure and get rid of the shadows that were there.

Introduction

in this project we will be using many different lighting portraiture techniques to learn about the different techniques that can be done with a camera, light and a studio.

Artist reference Nadav Kander

Nadav Kander was a London based photographer that focused on portraiture, , artist and director, known for his portraiture and landscapes. Kander has produced a number of books and had his work exhibited widely. He received an Honorary Fellowship from the  royal photographic society in 2015, and won the prix pricet award. I like Nadav Kanders work because of the way he uses his models and mixes in the light

visual:

This image is taken by Nadav Kandar he is using a mdoel in it. who is standing on bricks in the middle of the infinity white background, she is standing and curving her back, there is yellow and green gel lights in this photo and the shadow in the back is showing off the model

technical:

the lighting in this photo is white towards the bottom and then gel lights towards the top around the models face. Kandar is using a high aperture in this photo and the whole photo is in focus meaning that Kandar used a sharp focus. i think this photo was taken from around the stomach of the model which then contributes to the viewers being able to see the whole body.

Split lighting

Split lighting is a lighting technique that lights up half of a subject’s face while leaving the other half in a shadow, essentially “splitting” the face. This splitting effect is achieved by a light source that is perpendicular to the subject illuminating directly from one specific side.

Normally, the key light is placed high and to one side at the front, and the fill light or a reflector is placed half-height and on the other side at the front, set to about half the power of the key light, with the subject, if facing at an angle to the camera, with the key light illuminating the far side of the face. The key in Rembrandt lighting is creating the triangle or diamond shape of light underneath the eye. One side of the face is lit well from the main light source while the other side of the face uses the interaction of shadows and light, also known as chiaroscuro , to create this geometric form on the face. The triangle should be no longer than the nose and no wider than the eye. This technique may be achieved subtly or very dramatically by altering the distance between subject and lights and relative strengths of main and fill lights.

this is my attempt of split lighting my model in the photo did a pose to show the split with in the lighting to show the difference with the lights, I couldn’t edit these photos because of a problem in Lightroom but even without editing this photo came out nicely

For this lighting technique you shine a light at half of your models face and it highlights one side of the models face, you can also angle the light so it shines at the reflector and then by using the reflector the background will be dark and the other side will be lighter and if you use a white infinite background it will be darker.

Gel lighting

In the realm of photography and cinematography, lighting gels are thin, transparent, coloured materials, typically made from polyester or polycarbonate. They’re primarily used to alter the colour and quality of light in a scene. When we say ‘gels,’ we’re referring to these sheets of magic that can drastically transform an image or video by modifying the light source’s colour.

The use of gels traces back to the early days of theatre and stage performances, long before they found their place in cinema and photography. Originally, gels were made from Gelatin (hence the name), which was dyed various colours. As technology advanced, more durable materials replaced Gelatin, and gels became a staple tool for photographers and cinematographers alike.

this is my attempt of using gel lightings i made one side blue and the other side red, this photo came out good i also edited it to make the colours a bit more vibrant. I think this is my best photo because one side the shadow is red with a blue background and the other side is a blue shadow with a re background which is making the photo more detailed.

for gel lighting technique you get two lights and put a gel sheet with a colour of choice and then one side of the model will be red for example and the other side will be blue and the shadows will be opposite.

Butterfly lighting

Butterfly lighting is a lighting pattern used in portrait photography where the key light is placed above and pointing down on the subject’s face. This creates a dramatic shadow under the nose and chin that looks like a butterfly. It’s also called ‘Paramount lighting,’ named for the Hollywood studio and how they lit their most glamorous and beautiful actresses.

Butterfly lighting is perfect for portrait photography. It is one of the most flattering lighting techniques for sculpting facial features. Here’s a quick tutorial on butterfly lighting photography and how it works.

This is my best photo of using the butterfly lighting technique i edited this photo. I think this photo came out well because the butterfly lighting under the nose is very visible and the model in this photo is doing a passport styled photo.

This is how butterfly lighting works you get a light above the person you are photographing and then you get a reflector under the person and it reflects the light to the persons head

Rembrandt lighting

Rembrandt lighting is a standard lighting  technique that is used in studio portrait photography it is also used in contrast with butterfly It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment. Rembrandt lighting is characterized by an illuminated triangle (also called “Rembrandt pat) under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face. It is named for the Dutch painter Rembrandt, who occasionally used this type of lighting

i think this is the best photo of Rembrandt lighting i did because i tried a different type of editing and it came out very well, i like this style of editing because its black and white but you can still see the shadow.

This is a diagram of the Rembrandt lighting technique the reflector reflects the key light back into the model and it comes out with nice shadows upon the model.

from all the photos I flagged the photos that are good and then unflagged the ones that I didn’t want to use, from all the photos i marked as a pass I chose the ones that I liked the most

Honey Comb

A lighting honeycomb grid is a specialized accessory used in photography to control and manipulate the direction of light. It typically consists of a grid of cells or hexagons that attach to a light modifier such as a reflector or softbox. The purpose of the honeycomb grid is to narrow down the spread of light, allowing photographers to focus and guide the illumination precisely where they want it. By using a honeycomb grid, photographers can avoid light spillage, create more defined shadows, and enhance the overall impact of their images. This tool is particularly valuable in portrait photography and other scenarios where controlled and directional lighting is essential for achieving specific visual effects.

This is the best honey comb photo I got I mixed it with some gels as well. The red spotlight behind is my favourite thing in this photo as it describes the photo a lot. Also the light on the face is like a spotlight.

Conclusion

In conclusion I think that this project was entertaining and it shows the different possible techniques that can be done, but in my opinion the gel lighting was the best ones I done because we can get many different outcomes and it wont always be the same, on the other hand I also think split lighting was good because the way the light reflected was different to other ways and it was also fun to do.

this photo is taken indoor and soft artificial lighting is used from above, the environment that this photo is taken from a reception, with the gold frame above it interprets that it is a rich office, the frame in this photo is half body angle, the approach of this photo the guy is sat with a natural pose, the guy gives eye contact engagement with camera with a straight face so that everyone knows he is ready for business, the camera man uses wide lens, mid-range f-stop, tripod, medium ss, low iso.

August Sander

August Sander was a German photographer whose work documented the society he lived in. Lauded as one the most-important portrait photographers of the early 20th century, Sander focused his gaze on bricklayers, farmers, bakers, and other members of the community. “Nothing seemed to me more appropriate than to project an image of our time with absolute fidelity to nature by means of photography,” he once declared. “Let me speak the truth in all honesty about our age and the people of our age.” Born in Herdorf, Germany on November 17, 1876, Sanders learned photography during his military service in the city of Trier. By 1910, he had moved to a suburb of Cologne, spending his days biking along the roads to find people to photograph. By the time the Nazi regime rose to power in the 1930s, Sander was considered an authority on photography and recognized for his book face of our time (1929) During this era, he faced both personal persecution and the systematic destruction of his work. Following the death of his son in 1944, and the destruction of his work in 1946, Sander practically ceased photography altogether. He died in Cologne, Germany on April 20, 1964 at the age of 87. Today, the artist’s works are held in the collections of The Museum of Modern Art in New York, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and the Wallraf-Richartz Museum in Cologne, among others.

Typology

Typology is a set of images taken of the same subject in the same detail but you take a photo of the different types, typology is the act of finding, counting and classifying facts with the help of eyes.

like in this photo the photographer has taken photos of many different windows and they all look different.

A photographer that focused there work on typology is Lucy Hurrel who took typologies of animals, i think this type of typology can mean a lot such as the difference with people but we are all the same but we just look different. Lucy Hurrel also focused on doing environmental typologies

Photo shoot plan

Photos

we went out and took 158 out of my first round of picking photo i passed 33 photos and failed the rest

This photo is a good environmental portrait because it is people who have a passion for art, i edited this photo and made it black and white as i think it looked the best and it had the most detail

i like this photo because the workers are in there working clothes as well as there working environment which is technician. I edited this photo to add more lighting and make it more aesthetically pleasing.

to capture texture in a photo you need various colours, shapes and depth of the objects surface

Werner Bischof

Werner Bischof’s photographs of post-World War II European and Asian cultures were integral to the development of photojournalism since 1945. Trained in graphic design and photography at the Zürich School of Arts and Crafts, Bischof adhered early to the style of New Objectivity, and an interest in avant-garde art and photography led him to move to Paris in 1939. The war began shortly after his arrival, and he returned to Switzerland, where he was conscripted. His experiences with refugees and his observation of the desperate conditions of war as a soldier at the Swiss border–as well as his later employment at the Zürich magazine Du, where he was encouraged toward photojournalism–resulted in a dramatic change in his photographic approach between 1942 and 1944. By 1945 he was producing the socially conscious photographs and essays for which he became best known, and had begun traveling extensively for life. Bischof specialised in photos of texture

this is one of werner bischofs texture photos and he likes to get photos of people with a texture around them

this is a photo that i took i went up to a stop sign and took a photo of it, the rust on the stop sign added texture to it, i took this photo in to light room and then edited it i changed the bottom white colour to a blue colour it made it stand out more and more vibrant, this makes the texture stand out more

I explored the theme of texture in this photo by taking a photo of a wall with shadows of the tree shining on it, it was with the use of natural lighting. The tree shadows highlights the detail of the wall. i used a medium Iso for this photo.

The main subject in this photo is the pink leaves i edited the photo to add more detail to the foreground, the background of this photo is the leaves on the floor that are bright orange this adds

we did a experiment using different paper shapes, lighting and iso

This photo has a high iso we used a spotlight to add more light to the photo to make it stand out more we used a pretty low iso to darken the background to make our paper shape more vibrant.

I like this photo because the shadow in the back makes the photo stand out more and it adds more detail to a small detailed image.

this photo i also used a lower ISO and we added red tint paper but we only put it halfway through the spotlight and it made the actual paper that was photographed red and then it made the shadow of the paper normal light colour

by using light room i edited the original photo. and made it darker and added a lower exposure and higher colour temperature witch then added a blue colour (cold colour) instead of the original white colour by doing this it adds more detail to the normal photo that was half red half white because we covered half the camera with red tint paper

this is the last photo I chose, I used low ISO setting I used an artificial light to highlight the subject in the photo which is the paper origami, additionally I edited the photo a bit to make the shadows more clear. I cropped the photo to leave out the black space from the photo and zoom in on the subject.

Christiane Feser

Christiane Feser creates three-dimensional photographic based work. They are photographs of complex assemblages of repeated forms and shadows with actual elements from the assemblage projecting three-dimensionally from the surface of the photograph. Feser flattens a sculptural object through the act of photography and then reconstitutes that dimension in a new way by turning the photograph into a relief sculpture. The works challenge our perception of dimension and perspective as well as our assumptions about what a photograph is. They also introduce a tension between the past and present: the original photograph is of a thing that has existed, but it has been transformed into a new object that now exists. And in this new form, the constant change of light and shadow across the relief surface will continue to keep the work in the present moment. The works are therefore about both photography and sculpture. They are simultaneously images and objects that play with flatness and depth, and engage with the histories of the photograph as a physical thing in space.

this is one of the photos that she took and that is in one of her museums in America

Shutter speed is the length of time your camera’s shutter stays open, and therefore how long the sensor is exposed to light. The longer it’s open, the more light hits the sensor and the brighter the image. Shutter speed is one side of the exposure triangle – the three factors that determine the exposure of an image.

Meat yard eliminated the “thing” and looked only for the background, which he would then throw out of focus. Eventually, feeling that the background was still too recognizable, he abandoned this practice and began to contemplate his surroundings through an unfocused lens.

Leiter was fond of using long lenses, partly so that he could remain unobserved, but also so that he could compress space, juxtaposing objects and people in unusual ways. Many of his images use negative space, with large out of focus areas, drawing our eye to a particular detail or splash of colour.

This is my attempt of using different shutter speeds to get a better understanding of how it works

ISO is a number that represents how sensitive your camera sensor is to light. The higher the ISO number, the higher your camera’s sensitivity, and the less light you need to take a picture. The trade-off is that higher ISOs can lead to degraded image quality and cause your photos to be grainy or ‘noisy.

this was me testing out different ISO settings. The ISO setting is a setting on the camera that allows light in to the camera so it makes the photos lighter or darker. ISO represents sensitivity to light as numerical valve

As the ISO goes up in the photos the figure of Hayden gets more visible, I would use a low ISO when I am taking a photograph of something or someone in bright or good lighting, additionally I would use the higher ISO when I am in a darker environment taking photos of something or someone

I can also combine my shutter speed and ISO skills together to get more photos