A horizontally extended visual representation providing a wide view of a landscape or other scene, in photography made by joining a series of shots or by using a wide-angle lens, and in film by pivoting the camera horizontally from a fixed place.
David Hockey
David Hockney, a seminal figure in the Pop Art movement, revolutionised visual art with his inventive technique of creating joiners. This method, which involves piecing together a mosaic of photographs to form a cohesive image, challenges and transcends traditional perspectives in both photography and painting. By fragmenting and then reassembling the visual field, Hockney’s joiners disrupt conventional viewpoints, inviting a deeper exploration into the intricacies of perception and representation. This introduction sets the stage to dive into the impact of Hockney’s joiners, underscoring their significance in reshaping contemporary art and photography, and illuminating their influence on artists and photographers alike
His joiner photos:
Hockney’s joiners are a fascinating exploration of perspective, time, and space through the medium of photography. This technique involves the meticulous assembly of multiple photographs to create a single, composite image.
The best way to do this is to use a medium focal length lens 50-100 mm, stand in one place, lock the exposure if possible or set the camera to manual so the exposure does not change and photograph the scene. You might start at the bottom left – sweep right then move up and sweep left – and continue until the entire object is captured. Be sure to overlap your images.
a horizontally extended visual representation providing a wide view of a landscape or other scene, in photography made by joining a series of shots or by using a wide-angle lens, and in film by pivoting the camera horizontally from a fixed place.
examples –
how to make –
Select the source images in Lightroom Classic.
For standard exposure photos, select Photo > Photo Merge > Panorama
For exposure bracketed photos, select Photo > Photo Merge > HDR Panorama to merge them into an HDR panorama.
In the Panorama Merge Preview / HDR Panorama Merge Preview dialog box, choose a layout projection: Spherical: Aligns and transforms the images as if they were mapped to the inside of a sphere. This projection mode is great for really wide or multirow panoramas / HDR panorama. Perspective: Projects the panorama / HDR panorama as if it were mapped to a flat surface. Since this mode keeps straight lines straight, it is great for architectural photography. Really wide panoramas may not work well with this mode due to excessive distortion near the edges of the resulting panorama. Cylindrical: Projects the panorama / HDR panorama as if it were mapped to the inside of a cylinder. This projection mode works really well for wide panoramas, but it also keeps vertical lines straight.All of these projection modes work equally well for both horizontal and vertical panoramas / HDR panoramas. Cylindrical layout projection for wide panoramas/ HDR panoramas
You can use Boundary Warp slider setting (0-100) to warp panoramas / HDR panoramas to fill the canvas. Use this setting to preserve image content near the boundary of the merged image, that may otherwise be lost due to cropping. The slider controls how much Boundary Warp to apply. Higher slider value causes the boundary of the panorama/ HDR panorama to fit more closely to the surrounding rectangular frame.
Select Fill Edges to automatically fill the uneven edges of the merged image.
While previewing the panorama / HDR panorama, select Auto Crop to remove undesired areas of transparency around the merged image.
Auto Crop to remove areas of transparency, shown in white in this illustration
To group the source images and the panorama / HDR panorama image into a stack (after the images are merged), select the Create Stack option. The merged panorama / HDR panorama image is displayed at the top of the stack.
Once you’ve finished making your choices, click Merge. Lightroom Classic creates the panorama / HDR panorama and places it in your catalogue.
David Hockney Joiner Photo-collage, similar style
David Hockney, a seminal figure in the Pop Art movement, revolutionised visual art with his inventive technique of creating joiners. This method, which involves piecing together a mosaic of photographs to form a cohesive image, challenges and transcends traditional perspectives in both photography and painting. By fragmenting and then reassembling the visual field, Hockney’s joiners disrupt conventional viewpoints, inviting a deeper exploration into the intricacies of perception and representation. This introduction sets the stage to dive into the impact of Hockney’s joiners, underscoring their significance in reshaping contemporary art and photography, and illuminating their influence on artists and photographers alike.
examples –
photo analysis –
within this photo u can see what he used many photos within a photo, to create this joiner photos, which he used over 700 separate photos. the artist says about his photos that its a drawing and not a photographic piece. The separate photos for the collage were taken over 8 days ( 11th-18th April 1986). This photo is called Pear blossom highway, as that is where all the photos were taken. Furthermore David Hockney described the circumstances leading to the creation of this photocollage of the scenic Pear blossom Highway north of Los Angeles, his detailed collage reveals the more mundane observations of a road trip. The littered cans and bottles and the meandering line where the pavement ends and the sand begins point to the interruption of the desert landscape by the roads cutting through it and the imprint of careless travellers.
Photographers photographed a landscape in sections and lined their daguerreotypes side-by-side to create one long print, a panoramic photo. They used this technique to document history, and many antique landscapes are incredibly collectible today.
Daniel Wretham a panoramic photographer said:
shooting these ultra wide panoramic pictures really is a joy because they are such high resolution and really show off the image to its full potential, plus they are very forgiving for images in case you want to use different ratios and take sections of the image out to use as individual pictures, for want of a better expression it has the potential to be 3-4 different prints from one image.
joiner photos – David Hockney
David Hockney is an English painter and photographer. As an important contributor to the pop art movement of the 1960s, he is considered one of the most influential British artists of the 20th and 21st centuries. Hockney is also gay he came out when he was 23 years old.
This photo is made up of over 700 separate photos showing all the details he missed on his first trip Hockney travelled up and down this road multiple times to get all these photos. he thinks of his photos as art work not just photographs.
Panoramic photography is a technique of photography, using specialized equipment or software, that captures images with horizontally elongated fields of view. It is sometimes known as wide format photography. An image showing a field of view approximating, or greater than, that of the human eye – about 160° by 75°. This generally means it has an aspect ratio of 2:1 or larger, the image being at least twice as wide as it is high.
Image stitching
Image stitching or photo stitching is the process of combining multiple photographic images with overlapping fields of view to produce a segmented panorama or high-resolution image.
Image stitching algorithms create the high resolution photo-mosaics used to produce today’s digital maps and satellite photos. They also come bundled with most digital cameras currently being sold, and can be used to create beautiful ultra wide-angle panoramas.
Other major issues to deal with are the presence of parallax, lens distortion, scene motion, and exposure differences. In a non-ideal real-life case, the intensity varies across the whole scene, and so does the contrast and intensity across frames.
Joiner photos
Joiner photography is a photographic technique wherein multiple pictures are assembled into one. There are two types of joiner photography, photographic collages and Polaroid collages.
You stand in one place and take photos all around you. With a ‘panorama’ you simply swivel and take from left to right or vice versa. To record a greater field of vision you work both up and down and across.
David Hockney
David Hockney, a seminal figure in the Pop Art movement, revolutionised visual art with his inventive technique of creating joiners. This method, which involves piecing together a mosaic of photographs to form a cohesive image, challenges and transcends traditional perspectives in both photography and painting.
By fragmenting and then reassembling the visual field, Hockney’s joiners disrupt conventional viewpoints, inviting a deeper exploration into the intricacies of perception and representation. This introduction sets the stage to dive into the impact of Hockney’s joiners, underscoring their significance in reshaping contemporary art and photography, and illuminating their influence on artists and photographers alike.
Image analysis
Pearblossom Highway, 11-18th April 1986, #2
David Hockney’s ‘Pearblossom Highway, 11-18th April 1986, #2’ is a photographic collage that chronicles his road trip on a California highway, CA 138. The artwork is composed of 750 color photographs, offering both the driver’s and passenger’s perspective of their journey.
The image reveals a seemingly mundane scene of a highway with desert vegetation but in Hockney’s interpretation becomes an exciting and vibrant artistic creation. His decision to use hundreds of photos offers the viewer multiple viewpoints by disrupting traditional camera angles; this creates an unusual experience for viewers accustomed to seeing only one fixed angle.
David Hockney described the circumstances leading to the creation of this photo collage of the scenic Pearblossom Highway north of Los Angeles. His detailed collage reveals the more mundane observations of a road trip. The littered cans and bottles and the meandering line where the pavement ends and the sand begins point to the interruption of the desert landscape by the roads cutting through it and the imprint of careless travelers.
“Pearblossom Highway shows a crossroads in a very wide open space, which you only get a sense of in the western United States. . . . [The] picture was not just about a crossroads, but about us driving around. I’d had three days of driving and being the passenger. The driver and the passenger see the road in different ways. When you drive you read all the road signs, but when you’re the passenger, you don’t, you can decide to look where you want. And the picture dealt with that: on the right-hand side of the road it’s as if you’re the driver, reading traffic signs to tell you what to do and so on, and on the left-hand side it’s as if you’re a passenger going along the road more slowly, looking all around. So the picture is about driving without the car being in it.”
Exposure compensation helps you override automatic exposure adjustments your camera makes in situations with uneven light distribution, filters, non-standard processing, or underexposure or overexposure. It lets you take control of your image’s brightness by manually increasing or decreasing exposure.
Exposure Bracketing
Exposure bracketing is a technique where, instead of taking a single photo, you take three (or more) that are all exposed slightly differently; normally one is correctly exposed, one slightly underexposed, and one slightly overexposed.
HDR Photos
HDR stands for High Dynamic Range and refers to a technique that expresses details in content in both very bright and very dark scenes. It offers a more natural and realistic picture output even with a widened range of contrast.
Example HDR Images
Image 1
The 3 images above were the images taken to create the final HDR product. The first one is -1 underexposed, the second is balanced and the third is +1 overexposed.
This was the final product produced after merging all 3 images, with a few automatic adjustments applied to exposure and contrast.
Image 2
The 3 individual images used to create the HDR version.
Final result, with better visibility of details in less exposed areas.
Landscape photography commonly involves daylight photography of natural features of land, sky and waters, at a distance—though some landscapes may involve subjects in a scenic setting nearby, even close-up, and sometimes at night.
Ansel Adams
Romanticism
Romanticism in art and photography is about focusing on strong emotions, nature, and individual experience. It highlights beauty, imagination, and sometimes the mysterious or exotic. Think of dramatic landscapes, powerful moments, and emotional expressions. It’s less about strict realism and more about capturing the feeling of a scene. It involves romanticising certain things like nature or a certain lifestyle. For example, in photography, you might romanticise a landscape by capturing the best scenes only and perhaps putting a feeling of otherworldyness/ nostalgia. When you romanticise something, you make it seem better than it really is; in a way, everything humans think about is romanticised: the grass is always greener on the other side. An example of life being romanticised in our minds is thinking about the life of being an underground artist in New York (think Basquiat) is highly romanticised and the image of it looks really appealing/romantic, but in reality it is quite a hard life to live, and that feeling of romanticism that you get when looking at images isn’t necessarily how that person living that life might be experiencing it.
Cuyp, Aelbert: Landscape with HerdsmenCozens, John Robert: Lake Nemi, Looking Towards GenzanoBierstadt, Albert: A Storm in the Rocky Mountains, Mt. Rosalie
romantisicim fact file
Romanticism placed particular emphasis on emotion, horror, awe, terror and apprehension. Emotion and feeling were central not only to the creation of the work, but also in how it should be read.
Romanticism can also have a link with landscape and nature . Landscapes became subjects in their own right and were often charged with symbolism. For romantic artists, nature is a source of inspiration and escape, a refuge from the tumult of the modern world.
Who: artist William Blake and the Spanish painter Francisco Goya have been given the name “fathers” of Romanticism by various scholars for their works’ emphasis on subjective vision, the power of the imagination.
What: an artistic movement marked by the emphasis on imagination and emotions
Where: romantisicm started In western Europe around the 18th century at this time the artistic and cultural movement was being revived (Neoclassicism)
How: With its emphasis on the imagination and emotion, Romanticism emerged as a response to the disillusionment with the Enlightenment values of reason and order in the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789.
Why: Romanticism was born as a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment and the Industrial Revolution. The Romanticist movement celebrated rebellion, sensation, emotion, subjectivity, and individuality and it rejected tradition, reason, rationality, and authority.
The importance of the British painters JMW Turner and John Constable
English romantic painter and water colour specialist , known for is romantic paintings that portray colourful imagery and imaginative landscapes. Joseph Mallord William born 23rd of April 1775 inspired modern art by incorporating a view of impossibility into his paintings by inviting unrealistic colouring and faded scenery to give a sense of romanticism
Sublime
In the critical literature, “the Romantic sublime” refers to the mind’s transcendence of a natural and/or social world that finally cannot fulfill its desire. Revealed in the moment of the sublime is that the mind is not wholly of the world, but this revelation may be triggered by a particular setting in the world.
The sublime as defined by The Tate is : “Theory developed by Edmund Burke in the mid eighteenth century, where he defined sublime art as art that refers to a greatness beyond all possibility of calculation, measurement or imitation.”
The sublime is in most creative subject areas; photography, fine art, film, writing, poetry and many more.
Turner is a famous English painter born April 23 1775 in London who became known as “the painter of light” for his talent of creating incredibly skilled landscape paintings able to capture light at different times of the day and in different settings using bright and vibrant colours which happened to be because of his un-diagnosed colour blindness and therefore wasn’t exaggerating the colours.
He began attending the Royal Academy of Art at 15 years old where he first exhibited his Fishermen at Sea oil painting in 1796.
Turners last words were “The Sun is God” before he died of cholera in 1851.
John Constable
Constable was an English landscaper born on June 11th 1776 in Suffolk. He was known to be the one who revolutionised the genre of landscape painting. Constable focused on painting the surroundings of his home and once write to a friend “I should paint my own places best” “painting is but another word for feeling”
.Though in modern times his paintings are extremely valuable and popular he was never financially successful in his lifetime however his work was popular in France, and was only elected to the Royal Academy of Art at age 52.
He then died at age 60 in 1837 in London of coronary artery disease.
Terms and Words Associated
Apostrophe
Glorification
Nature
Awareness and acceptance of emotions
Celebration of artistic creativity and imagination
realism
idealism
enlightenment
classism
neo-romanticism
symbolysm
affinity for the natural world
Timeline of Landscape Art And Photography
The earliest known of cave art was found to be from 40,000 years ago so art has dated back to the very first humans.
A work during the bronze age around 1627, found in Santorini a Greek island preserved under volcanic ash until 1967. At this time Greece was ruled by Ottoman Empire also called the Turkish empire who was Islamic believing.
The renascence began in the 14th century Italy.
The Renaissance meaning rebirth was the first big movement to influence on landscape art. The renaissance was a movement to revive the Greek and Roman philosophical way of thinking. It encouraged people to express themselves and encouraged individuality and new ideas instead of sticking to the way things have always been done.
The Renaissance came after The Black Death killed half of Europe’s population which left business owners with little to no competition meaning the economy grew especially in Italy known as The Cultural Capitol of Europe at the time.
Ideals and attitudes towards the church and medical knowledge began to change, many began to question their authority after so many died during the black death despite appealing to god such as flogging and even following medical advise like cleansing the air by wearing masks filled with nice smelling herbs to combat miasma. This new attitude and encouragement of questioning was also expressed through art and the boundaries of what art was. Realism in art was widely developed and realistic drawings of nature and humans became popular.
During the renaissance time period artists such as Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo rose to fame. To this day biblical interpretations from Leonardo da Vinci are still famous such as The Last Supper.
After the renaissance during the 17th to 18th century was the Age Of Enlightenment where Romanticism took off with artists being inspired by the French Revolution. Society began to emphasise on emotion key artists such as JMW Turner and John Constable as mentioned before lived through this time. Many political changes were made through this era and attitudes and way of thinking changed. Science began to proceed and slavery was abolished. People began to idealise individuality and connection with nature. The Sublime began with this thought process as people began to explore beauty past religion and find a godly aspect to nature especially in the UK as the rules to religion were changing constantly due to the arguments between Catholics and protestants. Art like the dramatic style of Rococo architecture became more popular.
The earliest known landscape photograph was taken during the 19th century between 1826 and 1827 by Nicephore Niepce a Frenchman and inventor who invented the Pyréolophore an internal-combustion engine. The image was taken using a camera obscura out of the window of his estate based in Saint-Lop-de-Varenees, Burgundy, France.
Carleton E Watkins born in 1829 New York began his career in photography at age 5 when he began his apprenticeship in a portrait studio.
in as used the Large Format Camera
Watkins was unimpressed with the performance of his regular camera as it could not capture the entirety of the landscapes he was photographing so in 1861 Watkins hired a cabinet worker to create a massive camera so he could use mammoth sized negatives
After Romanticism came Modernism from 1900 to 1930 before the great depression began. Modernism culture rejected many traditions and looked to fundamentally rethink the world especially after and during World War One. Many political events were taking place such as the Russian revolution and the League of Nations was formed however almost all countries had faced epic losses within the economy was declining and the population had too.
Other changes were happening too, including in America the roaring 20’s. Women’s rights and opinions on gender roles began to shift however crime was rising. Artists searched for new way to express themselves and their opinions on the world without the constraints of realism.
Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Claude Monet, Jackson Pollock and Vincent Van Gough all arose and are still famous to this day. Modernism art often uses very bright and vibrant colours and experimented with abstract art.
Ansel Adams born in 1902 was an American landscape photographer. Adams was a rebellious child and was pulled from school at age 12 and before finding his passion for photography in 1927, Ansel was a successful pianist and musician. Ansel Adams took photos all through he 1920s where he was a part of the Sierra Club, An organisation who’s mission is “to explore, enjoy, and protect the wild places of the earth; To practice and promote the responsible use of the earth’s ecosystems and resources; To educate and enlist humanity to protect and restore the quality of the natural and human environment; and to use all lawful means to carry out these objectives.”
Adams believed in “true photography” where he would use the highest resolution available and full tonal range and assisted in founding the group f/64 in 1932 in California. The group also believed in Ansel’s’ mindset surrounding photography and took images of the American landscape including mountains and lakes. Ansel Adams also partnered with Fred Archer created “The Zone System” a way of representing the different tonal gradient in a black and white picture. The Zone System is still used today
The popularity of Adams work has only increased since his death in 1984.
Technical
The lighting is natural and the type of camera used was a Large Format Camera so Ansel would’ve had to use a tripod to steady it as he would’ve needed to have a longer shutter speed to capture the landscape in such high resolution. Large Format photography consists of images within the 9 cm × 12 cm (3.5 in × 4.7 in) range or bigger. The view finder is large and Ansel would’ve needed a portable dark room as well as multiple films per image however in modern times it is possible to make large format cameras digital.
Ansel Adams sets his contrast high to dramatize the images.
Visual
Though coloured photography was available to Adams it didn’t become common until the 1960’s and would’ve been a time consuming and difficult process therefore all of his images were in black and white. There was a range of tones within Adams work as he was good at using The Zone Method himself.
This image also used leading lines to draw the eye to the dramatic sight if the mountain and add depth to the image giving it a 3D concept.
Contextual
This image was taken in the Grand Tenton National Park in Wyoming, America and was of the Tetons and the Snake River and was taken in 1942 so Ansel Adams would’ve had around 20 years experience while taking this.
Conceptual
I believe the idea behind this is to showcase the beauty of the landscapes to the American public to encourage them to want to preserve the nature through national parks ect.
Ansel Adams was an American landscape photographer and conservationist. He was mainly known for his monochrome images of national parks. Adams was a life-long advocate of environmental conservation, It was at age 14 when Adams was given his first camera during his first ever visit to Yosemite Park, he later developed his earlier work as a member of the Sierra Club. He was later contacted by the United States Department of Interior to take pictures of the national parks for which he was later awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1980.
Adams and Fred Archer were the inventors of a thing called the zone system, which is a method of achieving the wanted image through technical understanding of the tonal range in the image. The zone technique is what helped photographers in that time determine the optimal film exposure and development. ” The Zone System provides photographers with a systematic method of precisely defining the relationship between the way they visualize the photographic subject and the final results. ” – Quotation marks pasted from Wikipedia.
F/64
Adams was one of the seven founders of the group f/64 which founded in in the San Francisco Bay Area in the American 20th century which was an association which was advocating for ” pure ” photography which was a style of photography which favoured the sharp focus and the use of full tonal range without the image, as well as a carefully framed image.
The group mainly formed in opposition to the pictorialist movement which was dominant for the majority of the early 20th century. Whereas the f/64 group wanted to encourage a modernist take to photography which focused on precisely exposed images and natural forms.
examples of the pictorialist movement:
Adam Analysis
Technical
the type of lighting in this image is harsh natural lighting, with high contrast. As well as the image having a sharp focus. I think the aperture of this image is f/32 as everything is in focus and crisp and nothing in the image is blurry. I think the ISO is 100 due to the clarity of the tones and the good tonal range of the image, you can tell this due to the contrast of the lightest tone in comparison to the darkest tone.
Mise-en-scene
This is image is taken using a film camera and the genre of this photography is landscape.
The mise-en-scene presents the Tetons mountains and the snake river cascading down the middle of the image. The tone of this image has a good range due to the zoning system, however there are some darker spots for example a lot of the forest and a few parts of the mountains. The use of light in this image is harsh, however, it is natural lighting as they are in the Yosemite park. The focus distance is long as the mountains and the river is far away and the depth of field is large as everything is in focus. The leading lines of the images would be the lightness of where the sunlight is hitting the bend of the river the and top of the mountains that are being hit by the light draw your eye along the image.
I believe the ISO is 100 as everything is in as most of the image is in focus however the background is blurred and grainy. I believe that the shutter speed is 1000 as everything is clear.
Photoshoot
Edited Images
Personally I really like this image because I like the way that the singular rock is the main subject of the image and against the light colour of the sky it looks really nice.
One thing that I have done to edit this image is I created a mask and placed it over a section of the rocks on the left and edited it separately compared to the rest of the image because the way that I edited the whole image made that one area look too dark so I added the mask to be able to lighten it up.
As well as I added vignette to all of the images I took for Ansel Adams to give it an older feel.
these could be two possible beaches I could take photos in inspired by Ansel Adams
as u can see in the photo examples, I would take photos from these sorts of angles from on top or on the beach taking photos of the big rocks.
photoshoot – Beauport
exposure compensation –
within all of these photos iv tried using exposure compensation, which took 3 photos at a time with 3 different exposers low exposure, middle and high exposure.
best raw photos –
experimentation –
from this image I edited it using HDR merge and the edits also, plus some more but in different styles such as black and white.
merged image –
from any of my edited images such as this one I have used exposure compensation, which I merged the 3 different exposures, and before I did this I changed it to black and white preset. from doing this it made an balanced exposure overall that u can see more details within the under exposed areas. But still leaving some completely back areas to make is seem like there is more drama within the image, I did this by increasing the contrast.
