Windows and mirrors is an exhibition ‘Mirrors and Windows’ an exhibition of American photography since 1960, opened at The Museum of Modern Art, New York in July of 1978. This was John Szarkowski’s attempt at categorising photographers, whether their photos were mirrors or windows.

What is a Mirror Photo?

A mirror photo is a photo that is subjective to yourself, one that you can design or create before hand or see as a reflection of yourself through photography. Another way of thinking of it is, does it capture/represent you as an artist, either through an abstract or planned scene? This is often an editorial style of photography or a personal project for a photographer.

What is a Window Photo?

A window photo is the opposite of a mirror, instead capturing the world true to life. A version of this being documentary photography or journalism photography. By reflecting the truth a photographer has little to no personal influence or output onto the photo as it is as others would see the scene.

Do Mirror and Window Photography Cross Over?

Szarkowski – ‘is it a mirror, reflecting a portrait of the artist who made it or a window, though which one might better know the world.’

Mirrors and windows often cross over, for example recreating a crime scene. This is posed and being directed by someone but it is also a capture of what supposedly happened at the time. In many mediums there is a cross over of mirrors and windows, but in particular photography is guilty of this. Many photographers will use mirror photos to get a point across and have ‘perfect’ photos or said better, an accurate representation of what they imagined, however this also occurs in ‘window’ photos. While a true window photo will be snapped completely candidly sometimes photographers have an idea that cannot be completed just using candid work but want the style to remain similar to a window photo. Photographers might also start with a window photo, snapped at chance and then find it inspires them to get a particular planned shot (a mirror photo) the next time they come across a similar situation or even planning a whole shoot around that one window photo.

Photo Analysis

This is a photo from ‘Mirrors and Windows’ the book but I think it accurately shows the blend between mirrors and windows at times, this could be a candid portrait as the subject is just in their home preparing to go out, but it also has elements of a mirror photo as it is planned and a thought out image. I find that may times when mirrors and windows cross over it is because they want to tell a personal story or capture something that just isn’t regularly captured without planning but the photographer wants to do so in a documentary style. This is a very successful photo when it comes to be able to break it down and pick interesting elements from a very basic photo, it is also quite impactful as it is something not normally seen, normally curlers aren’t normally seen anywhere but the comfort of the subjects home and not a normal subject in a photo as he is just ready for a night in rather than composed, formal portraits.

Virtual Gallery

Overall my zine made good progress form the raw photos to the final product. I went through a lot of editing to pick the best photos from multiple shoots, I then found some photos I liked originally didn’t fit with the rest of the photos I had to re edit the image or pick one to replace it. It was a tricky balance between picking good photos technically and picking photos that went together and told the story I wanted to tell, an insight into the harbours. I found a mixture of detailed, abstract shots and wider perspective shots of the harbour made for the most comprehensive narrative. To keep cohesiveness throughout the zine I matched colours of photos, for example on one page I put three predominantly yellow photos on a black and white background photo. I also thought about this seeing the success of it in the zine when creating my virtual gallery I used a similar technique paring photos with similar colours, themes and textures together. A particularly good page in my zine is the second to last double spread, it shows the industry not only in detail with the background shot being a close up but the in the bigger picture with the bigger photos, with this page I thought back to the visit to Societe Jersiaise and how the industry has changed over the years from horse and cart and doing everything mostly by hand to now the machines and even how the scale of the industries has hugely increased while it’s not cod fishing anymore, over here, the harbour is still a huge part of the islands income and essential to the island. I also chose to use deep colours on this page contrasting the old photos of the harbours industries. Overall I am very happy with how the zine came out and I think I made great use of all the research I did into the history as well as capturing the new elements of the harbour of Jersey.

Final Photos

Creating the Zine on InDesign

This was how I set up a new document that then became my zine.

This is how the document came out, this allows me to have creative freedom over each photo I put into this zine. I will use my paper mock up to help create a base before I make any major changes to it.

To make sure I have access to the tool bars, I changed the setting on the top right from ESSENTAILS to ESSENTIALS CLASSIC.

I changed this setting to make the zine high quality without having to use the shortcut SHIFT W to remove the guidelines.

Front Cover

Page One

Following my paper mock up I put these three photos on the first page after an empty page. By matching up the images making them into a sort of joined tryptic photo. This worked well and created a bold, interesting first page setting the narrative for the rest of the zine.

Page Two

Before

After

For this page on my mock up I kept the background blank, however when I did this on the actual document it appeared too empty so I experimented with backgrounds, before settling on the one above. This actually then helped link the next page in as the next page is all black and white images, while also providing context as the rest of the photos are mostly small snippets and details shots. I also made this a double page spread to give the images enough room to be seen without being overcomplicated, I used the imagine in the middle to split between the two pages as it is a detailed image unaffected by being folded across the two pages.

Page Three

This was my original design however I felt the bottom left photo of a roll of rubber wasn’t quite right. The shadow was distracting and the lighter tone didn’t quite fit. To fix this I re-cropped the image and re edited the image. This made for a much better overall look.

Page Four

I kept this page the same as paper mock up as it worked well when I placed it onto the pages, I like the contrast of the full size black and white image with the two smaller full colour images.

Page Five

Again I tried making the page the same as the paper layout but the page appeared to blank with too much free space. To fix this I added an abstract detailed photo in the background with lowered opacity. I also made sure the colours in the three images worked with the background photo.

Page Six

As I had used the original photo on the left for the background of the previous page I needed to swap the photo on the left out. The photo on the right matches well as this is actually the same wall as the photo on the left just at different points, both are important historical points to the Jersey harbour. The photo on the it is a traditional Jersey arch with the three blocks sticking out as the style and the lamp acting as a ‘traffic light for boats’.

Back Cover

Front cover . Back Page

The final page I kept the same as the front cover, however I flipped the photo so if you opened the pages out it appeared one whole image rather than the same photo twice. I also put my name on the elastic band to keep it almost hidden.

Overview

I have now finished the zine and as above I have captured the process I went through to select the final version of the zine from a paper mock up to the final print out. By recording each decision I made allowed me to reflect on the choices and how I could change things to fit with each other as well as giving me an opportunity to understand my own choices and how well the narrative flows by how easy it was to explain in words. I found sometimes I was making connections only I would as I knew my work and photos as well as what I was trying to say so this gave me a point of comparison to reflect on. The zine captures the harbour well, I paired it with the title ‘Lobsters, lamps and lochs’ as I felt this was a simple overview of the zine and also harbour through an intriguing alliterated phrase. As the zine goes on the the history is more and more obvious highlighting further specific links to the Jersey harbour over any other harbour. I have shown this in the photos, for example on the second last page there is a photo of an arch and pump which is where sailors would have gotten fresh water from, but the arch is specific to Jersey as the design of three bricks sticking out on the non curved part.

Zines

A photography zine is a small book almost of a collection of photos. They are designed to tell a story through photos and limited text, unlike like picture stories they don’t have text on every page and cannot be viewed as one page so much as a progression in story like a normal book. Each zine is completely personal to the creator/photographer some choosing bold, vibrant designs and others picking heavy white boarders around each photo. Some contain completely abstract photos others providing large overviews of the topic, most are a mixture of small detail shots and large overview photos. I personally liked the zines with detailed covers, with heavy texture or colour I found this draw me into the zine wondering what was inside rather than having an overly complex imagine that was easier to skip over. Following this, I found my favourite zines had a mixture of detail shots and larger scale photos, I found this explained the narrative the best.

What is your story?

• 3 words

• land, sea, history

• A sentence

-A brief glance into Jersey’s maritime industries new and old.

• A paragraph

This zine will explore the old and current Jersey harbours, specifically the St Helier harbour we all know as ‘the harbour’ before venturing into the old French and English harbours. It will also show the narrative of the industries from fishing to sports like rowing.

What is Narrative?

Narrative is ‘a spoken or written account of connected events; a story.’ Or in photography terms, using photos to show a story to the viewer with minimal words. This can be done in many ways, in fact any photo tells and story so it can be done in a single photo or a small collection of photos like a picture story. However in this case I am creating a zine with the photos and knowledge I have gained researching and capturing the Jersey harbour’s over the past month.

How will I tell my narrative?

I will tell the story of the Jersey harbour through my photoshoot results, more specifically I will use a zine I design on Indesign. I have decided I will use negative space and backgrounds to add context as well as keep the zine interesting. By adding background images I will use photos that add context but aren’t enough for a page by themselves. Having done research I know I found the most interesting zines were the ones with a mixture of colour, texture and subjects, meaning in my zine I will use black and white as well as bold colour to my advantage emphasising detail with tonal black and white and using bright colour to represent true to life colours of the harbour and keep people interested in the zine.

Further Ideas

Text

A book or other written or printed work, regarded in terms of its content rather than its physical form.

I can use text to help add context and further the style of my zine. I will have a title to help give an idea bout the zine on the cover other than the cover photo. I might also put a small paragraph or sentence on the first page to make use of blank space and provide a small explanation before the zine is continued. This gets the reader to think with a purpose and ask questions about each photo related to the theme rather than just guessing.

Typography

 The art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed.

I can use typography on any text I put in, including the title this will help create a style to the zine.

Examples: creative uses of words, letters, font-types, sizes

Mood Board

In this mood board I used a mixture of photos from the SJ archive as well as photos of how the harbour is today. I like the mixture of overview shots combined with all the smaller detailed shots. This provides contrast while keeping a full picture of the harbour from the smaller details of industries to the larger structure itself.

Introduction

For the second shoot I started at the maritime museum, learning more about the history of the Jersey maritime history, from this I grabbed some quick shots to inspire me for the rest of the shoot. I then went onto walking around the harbours again. This time I had a different lens instead of the 70-200mm I had a 10-20mm this allowed me to get really wide angle shots.

Contact Sheets

Edit One

This photo was great compositionally but I didn’t like the red so I changed the photo to black and white to emphasise the texture and tones in the photo, this helped also show the purposeful angle of the image, showing all the doors on the fishing storage sheds.

Edit Two

I like how the black and white evens out the photo from the over exposed area, it helps the repetitive pattern of the dredging tools. (a harsh, destructive fishing technique)

Edit Three

For this shot I think the colour actually adds to the image, not only is there many different textures but there is many different colours from the rusty chain to the green netting. The exposure being moved lower has helped enhance the colours and make them bolder making the photo feel more intense.

Edit Four

I orginally liked this photo for the lines but I didn’t like the yellow tone or noise from artifcial light, to fix this I changed the photo to black and white, this meant it empahsised the dimeson and removed the issues of colour.

Edit Five

Again I liked the lines and dimesion of the photo as it has the contuinal curve of the wall at the bottom of the shot but keeps the boat jus off center at the end of steps creating a great leading line. I again turned th ephoto to black and white as te true colours wern’t captured well so this helped add depth to the photo as the colours having been washed out took the dramatic tones out of the photo.

Edit Six

As I had fixed the last few photos I like but the lighting was off by turning photos black and white I thought I would try it with this one. I liked how the lobsters were an interesting subject choice with the one lobster in the middle, on top of the others it added a focus to the photo. The photo was indeed dramatically improved when I changed the photo to black and white revealing otherwise hidden areas of the busy photo.

Edit Seven

Following on the black and white theme I changed this photo to a similar, tonal black and white image again elevating the image from fairly flat and uninteresting to a dynamic, abstract photo.

Final Thoughts on the Editing

From this shoot I focused more on the details rather than the whole picture like the first photoshoot. Although not quite what I had planned it worked out well with getting quite a few good abstract shots of the harbour. I think having had quite a few of these edits in black and white I might use a double page spread in my zine to create pages of black and white photos especially the abstract ones so a fuller picture is given through small snippets.

For the first shoot, I visited Societe Jersiaise researching old photos of the harbour with archivists. Having done some research I went on a guided walk, with a former harbour master, learning about the new and old harbours. I then took photos of the harbours and everything in and around them, capturing the details of the harbour to the the harbour as a whole.

I then went onto upload and edit the photos, starting by going through the photos, colour coding each one, ether red, green or yellow.

I then went through the green flagged photos and selected the best from those, this allowed me to have a small selection of good photos to then select a few good ones that go well together to edit.

First Edit

For this photo I cropped it to centre the buoys, this fits the photo into the grid lines (rule of thirds).

By making small adjustments to the colour I brought out the colour in the faded buoys and the sea, this also helped bring out the texture of the sea.

Edit Two

I liked the diagonal line the boats create in this photo so I then edited the colours to reduce the highlights as the glare on the boats was quite harsh form the lighting. I cropped photo to highlight the line and frame the photo better, this also removed the cars as in the frame it was distracting.

Edit Three

Edit Four

For this photo I sorted the slight angle and also cropped the image down so background wasn’t as visible. This helped create a further ambiguous effect, not revealing the background or context.

Edit Five

Edit Six

For this photo there was spots that were distracting so after the colour editing I used the spot heal tool to neaten up the photo.

Edit Seven

Edit Eight

Edit Nine

Edit Ten

Edit Eleven

Final Edits

Final Evaluation on this photoshoot

This photoshoot was the bas of my ideas, capturing everyone and everything at the harbour to create a style of images. I particularly liked the detail shots, or otherwise known as abstract shots. I think these help add emphasis on how brutal the harbour can be with the constant soaking in salt and open windy area. I also picked some with the boats and also the trucks, shipping containers to show how the sea a natural thing has been industrialised through the years with constant improvement on the harbour as not only times progress commercially but as industries die out. By using the 70-200mm lens I had many strong, high quality photos however I think it would be great to revisit these areas with a wider angle lens to add deeper context on the areas with broader shots now I have gotten the smaller details and started to understand the harbour around me. Particularly having done the research on the harbour before hand it gave me a strong base to capture the essence of the harbour. I chose not to change the colours as I actually think the bright colours make up a huge part of the harbour and highlight the development over time of the harbour from dull steel and wooden boats historically to bright cheap plastic dingy to carry people to the new shiny mechanised boats of the modern day.

Mood Board

Photoshoot Plan

Jersey is small island but it has a rich maritime history from ship building industries to cod fishing and Canadian connections. Many Jersey men would travel over to Canada to work and then return back to Jersey in the winter to work the farms, bringing resources back with them to benefit the island and thriving industries.

To what extend, has the island of Jersey benefitted from its connections with slavery in the past?

Jersey benefitted from the slave trade hugely, from getting wood from the plantations to help with the ship building industry to trading cod for slaves to help with the industries around the island. At the time this was very common practise with trader like Josué (Joshua) Mauger who had a ship building business as well as trading people. The industry of trading people themselves created many of the things we know today, like No 9 Pier Road – built by Philippe Nicolle in 1818. After Philippe inherited money from his great uncle Joshua Mauger. The inheritance of money generated partly from the transatlantic slave trade was part of Philippe’s wealth when he set himself up as a merchant and built No 9 Pier Road in 1818.

Cod trade and Jersey’s Connection

For many hundreds of years the Jersey economy was based on the maritime trades, encouraging many of the Jersey citizens to be involved with the Atlantic trade also known as the merchant triangle. This was a mixture of selling and trading, mostly trading products and manufactured goods like cod, spirits, salt, slaves and fibres. This was engineered by main components: the British Empire, other European colonies such as South America and the Caribbean. Barrels of dried cod, 1,000-2,000 quintals a year, each weighing roughly 50 kg, were traded each year through the trading triangle, this goes to how the large scale the merchants operated on. However by the end of the 1800s the cod trade died out as privateering increased and new job opportunities appeared.

Cod Trade Triangle

This diagram shows all the links between trading cod and then trading further goods between jersey and the rest of the world as well as the routes the goods took. For example, fish like cod would go from Jersey to Canada and Jersey would get labour or ship building material (at one point in time Jersey had the 4th largest ship building industry) and the Canada would export the fish to the West Indies market returning with sugar, rum or molasses.

Newfoundland and Gaspe fishing trade 

In the 16th century there were many Jersey men who would launch boats and crews to Newfoundland from as early as 1562 with some men staying and returning later in the year to farm in Jersey for the winter having made a better income on the Newfoundland trips. Many ended up staying in Newfoundland working opportunities not available in Jersey itself. This continued into the 18th and 19th century when the Gaspe fishing v trade started to appear, similarly the Jersey men would leave to work a season and then return or again many stayed taking opportunities not available to them at home. 

Charles Robin 

Charles Robin was one of Jersey’s main cod merchants who created his own company in 1766. His headquarters was in Gaspe. His trade specifically was two types of salted cod, a green and a yellow, the green having a shorter shelf life than the yellow but the yellow being more time consuming to produce. Robin would then complete a trip to the plantations providing the green cod for the slaves, in return he would get produce from the plantation like rum, sugar, coffee and cotton to then make the trip to Jersey and other places to begin the trading process again. 

Picture Stories

Picture stories are essential for most mainstream physical media, from magazine spreads to blog posts online. For years we have been using text and photos to reiterate a story, from newspapers to scientific textbooks. However in photography terms a picture story is using a series of shots with adept text to tell a narrative. As in the examples above, it’s clear some use a more creative approach in all black and white scattered pictures with text in between and some use a more direct, documentary style. It depends on the narrative the page is trying to tell. 

St Malo Picture Stories

Having taken photos (street photography) of the st malo streets and the people in them I would like to use them to create a picture story, showing and explaining parts of St Malo from a photographers perspective. I’d like to do something show casing certain joining points in photos, like photos with an abundance of certain colours and maybe one telling a narrative about the people, whether locals or tourists. 

How Will I Create My Picture Story?

Using in design I can completely customise the page spreads before printing. I will start with the same layout for all of them and then place the photos in, moving the text and flow of the page to fit the images. There is a particular way to approach a photo story, mainly using an establishing shot, this is the main attention pulling photo on the page, often the biggest and drawing the eye around the rest of the page. It’s important that this shot grabs the viewers attention and gives a small overview into the narrative you are telling. I will also before adding text look at how the images flow on the page, by not having text it removes distractions and allows me to focus on how well the photos flow around the page and if the story is interesting without the text. This also allows me time to check the images all work together and nothing is too different or confusing. 

Another way of presenting images, is creating page spreads. This allows for many photos to been seen at once with text providing context. I have selected good photos from the St Malo day trip, already edited to use in the process of creating page spreads. I will look to pair and match similar photos ether compositionally or narratively, this will help create a joined, polished page spread. My aim is to describe St Malo through photos, from the walled city to the shopping streets to the exposed nature of rough rocks and sandy beaches, capturing how people interact with all theses elements.

 A3 Page-Spread Designs:
InDesign
Create new document
width: 420mm
height: 297
pages: 3
orientation: landscape
columns: 4
column gutter: 5mm
margins: top, bottom, inside, outside: 10mm
bleed: top, bottom, inside, outside: 3mm

Short cuts

CNTRL D – place photo

Shift W – preview

W – remove margins

CRTRL -/+ – zoom in and out

Move Image-use centre of photo to pull photo

Make box, for photo.

Right Click – fitting – fill frame proportionally

This is my first attempt working out how to use the different tools to import and aline photos.

Adding to Photos

To add borders I selected the photo using the arrow tool and then increased the size of the border to add make it more visible.

To add drop shadow to photos I used the same process just selecting the drop shadow tool rather than the border weight.

By trying both, drop shadow and borders on the photos it has given me a chance to compare what creates a stronger presentation and what would make a weaker one. I like both results but the bordered one helps make emphasis on the individual photos not just the page spread as a whole.

Backgrounds

To keep the background from being blank I added another photo from the same shoot that complemented the others without taking away from them. To do this I created a box over the whole page and then imported my photo, right clicked and selected arrange, SEND TO BACK to move the photo behind the rest. I then used the opacity slider to reduce the opacity and make the photo duller and less distracting.

Opacity Slider

Editing Text

Design Ideas

Final Designs

I tried many different options for my page spreads, this allowed me to experiment and create new content. I ended up with a double page spread of two different styles but using the red in both to tie the pages together. By the page on the left having the French flag as the background it is obvious to the viewer this is France, made more clear with the title ‘Saint Malo the walled city’. By using an establishing shot in the top right corner I draw the viewers eye to the text surrounding it then the rest of the smaller photos. The red is also on the under the establishing shot as other than that’s the way the flag is it draws the viewer to the other page spread, ‘red in the walled city’ which is a progression on an overview of the city, delving deeper into the colour that is often seen and used in France. Overall the pages are successful and provide knowledge as well as dynamic photos to keep the viewer interested, I also used border weight and drop shadow, backgrounds etc to emphasise the significance of each picture and keep them from becoming flat to the background.