Why is maritime history important?

Sailing has been essential to the advancement of civilisation throughout history since it gives people more mobility than land travel for purposes like trade, transportation, and conflict, as well as the ability to fish.

What type of goods did Jersey merchants exchange for cod-fish?

In addition to exporting codfish to Jersey, traders in cod fish also traded plantation products like sugar, molasses, rum, cotton, coffee, and tobacco to markets across America, Europe, and the United Kingdom (including Jersey). Later, these products were also traded to Brazil. In that framework, Jersey benefited from the wealth generated by the British Empire, which was built on a capitalist model of an economy centred around slavery.

What was the involvement of Jersey Jersey seamen play in the transatlantic carrying trade and the Canadian cod fisheries?

It WAS uncertain when the first Europeans arrived in Canada, but it is believed that fishermen were drawn to the north of the continent around 1497 by Italian explorer John Cabot’s accounts of “new found landes” and a sea teeming with fish. Around 1600, English fishing captains continued to record cod shoals.

Beginning in the early 16th century, Basque fisherman started visiting the area to fish, and by the year 1580, some 10,000 European fishermen were crossing the Atlantic to catch for cod.

Among them were the fishermen from Channel Islands, who by the 1750s had established profitable trade lines connecting Europe, America, and Canada. They also established facilities on the Gaspé Coast, where they could prepare and salt cod.

Which ports did Jersey ships sail to and trade with?

• Trade in Roman times

During the Roman period there was an established trade route between Alet (St Servan) and Hengistbury Head in Dorset. Guernsey was the favoured stop off point, because of the natural deep water harbour at St Peter Port, although these boats undoubtedly called in to Jersey as well. The Roman cargo boat recently raised from St Peter Port Harbour provides information on the type of vessel used on this route.

Ships became larger during the 12th century and ports began to take on a greater importance. The earliest harbours in the island were the natural havens which provided shelter from the worst of the winds and a sandy bottom on which a vessel could ground with damaging its keel. Areas such as Havre des Pas, St Brelade, St Aubin and La Rocque were used. There is mention of a Spanish ship taking on a cargo of wheat “in the harbour of St Obin”.

• 17th century harbours

A concerted effort to build harbours did not take off until the late 17th century, when work began on building a pier on the islet on which St Aubin’s fort stands. During the 18th century St Aubin’s harbour proper was constructed and work began on developing St Helier as a port, although the capital had to wait until the 19th century before it really began to develop as a port. Early 19th century, It was during the early 19th century that stone piers were built at La Rocque, Bouley Bay, Rozel and Gorey, to accommodate the oyster boats. The harbour at Gorey also took passenger traffic from Normandy.

• The mailboats

At this time the harbour of St Helier was concentrated around La Folie in The English and French harbours. At low water there was a landing stage at La Collette, to which passengers were ferried in small boats and picked up by waiting carriages and horse drawn omnibuses. With the building of the Victoria and Albert Piers in the 1840s and 1850s, passengers could arrive in a little more comfort, although the state of the tide still played an important role.

To what extend, has the island of Jersey benefitted from its constitutional relationship with Britain and the legacies of colonialism based on a slave plantation economy during the first Industrial Revolution (1760-1840)?

Jersey Island has greatly profited from its constitutional ties with Britain and the results of colonialism, especially in the period of the first Industrial Revolution (1760-1840). This partnership resulted in a stable political environment that encouraged economic growth, enabling the island to shift from a successful agricultural economy to a varied financial services and tourism industry. Merchants from Jersey participated in transatlantic trade, making money from products made by slaves like sugar and rum from the Caribbean, leading to increased local investments and better quality of life. Moreover, the colonial ties promoted cultural interactions and aided in the expansion of population, leading to a more diverse demographic on the island. Investment sourced from colonial riches continued to enhance the financial services industry in Jersey, turning it into a hub for banking and tax evasion. The connections made in history resulted in advancements in social infrastructure like education and healthcare.

An outdoor photography exhibition showcasing photos of Rohingya was placed across seven locations in Jersey as part of a European premiere.

The Rohingya Experience, is a photographic exhibition offering an intimate view into the lives and experiences of the Rohingya refugee community in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Curated by David Palazón and Sahat Zia Hero, the exhibition launched at the Jersey Arts Centre and was displayed in St Helier between 1–14 July 2024. i love the way every image has a different meaning to it.

Hope and dreams: The Rohingya artist’s daughter yearning to look like a princess

Onaysa Khan was only 3 months old when her father, the Rohingya artist Enayet Khan, took her picture. Her name in Arabic means ‘Good Friend’, the one who brings peace and calmness to the heart.

Decades of displacement: The harrowing life story of Rohingya refugee Muhammad Jalil

Muhammad Jalil was 102 years old when this photo was taken. Born in 1920 in Thaming Chaong, Rathedaung, he was one of the oldest Rohingya living in the refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar. He had been an eye-witness to many historical events in Arakan like the Japanese-British war before Burmese independence. Jalil first became a refugee in 1978, when the Tatmadaw —the Myanmar armed forces—conducted an operation called Naga Min (Dragon King) targeting the Rohingya through the confiscation of possessions, destruction of villages and desecration of mosques. The second time Jalil became a refugee was in 1991, when operation Phi Thaya (Clean and Beautiful Nation) was launched by the Tatmadaw resulted in killings, rape, arbitrary arrests and the burning of Rohingya villages. 250,000 Rohingya were forced to flee Bangladesh. Since then, Jalil lived in the refugee camp under crowded conditions, without freedom of movement or the most basic human rights, deprived of access to a healthy environment and to the nature he loved. He had lived with the only hope to go back to Myanmar before he died.

Guided by the light of her ancestors: The story of Umme Habiba

Umme Habiba, born in Myanmar to a family of three, cherishes a memory from her father, a Rohingya fisherman. His prized possession was a serak (kerosene lamp) inherited from his grandfather. Amid the 2017 conflict and ensuing brutality, Umme Habiba’s family fled Buthidaung township for Bangladesh. Her father, realising he’d left the lamp behind, was distraught, as it held immense sentimental value.

Like a sunset: Rohingya youth hopes for a beautiful ending to the hardship of their community

Amidst life’s difficulties in the refugee camp, this scene of beauty of a sunset over the camp reminds the photographer, Ro Mon Sur Ali, that even in our toughest moments, there’s a radiant end to each day. It inspires him the hope that a Rohingya future, too, may be as beautiful as this golden hour of the day.

25th August: The legacy of Rohingya Genocide Remembrance Day

View of the gathering that took place on August 25, 2019 to commemorate Rohingya Genocide Remembrance Day. This annual event honours and mourns the victims of the genocide against the Rohingya people, the ethnic minority group that has faced widespread persecution and violence in Myanmar for decades. The event was led by Mohib Ullah, an outspoken Rohingya leader and a brave and fierce advocate for the human rights of Rohingya Muslims around the world. Sadly he was assassinated by gunmen on 21st September 2021.

Threads of hope: A Rohingya girl’s embroidered journey

A teenage Rohingya girl finds solace in the art of embroidery, meticulously stitching her creation within the confines of her shelter. Though displaced, she carries on a long-standing crafting tradition among Rohingya women and girls.

Unbroken circle: Henna hands capture women’s unity in the Rohingya community

In the heart of the Rohingya Refugee Camp in Cox’s Bazar, a circle of young girls join hands in a collective practice that transcends mere physical connection. Their shared effort is a mingling of spirits, each contributing to a tapestry of uniqueness. To the discerning eye, the extraordinary can be found in the seemingly mundane.

Devoted son, daunting terrain: A Rohingya man’s courageous care for his mother

A Rohingya man carries his elderly mother up steep, rugged terrain to reach the nearest hospital in their overcrowded camp. The camps are not designed with accessibility in mind, making it extremely difficult for the disabled and elderly to navigate the hilly paths and countless stairs.

1st Photoshoot Plan:

For my first photoshoot I am going to go to the beach, still don’t know what beach though, most likely frigate. I am going to take photos of the sea when is high tide and when its low tide. I’m also going to takes three different pictures but all in the same place but just different angles just like Michael Marten did because I found it more interesting. These are the photoshoots Michael Marten inspired me to copy.

2nd Photoshoot Plan:

For my second photoshoot I am going to take photos of bunkers and abandoned places all inspired by Yves Marchand & Romain Meffre. These are the photoshoots that inspired me to copy Yves Marchand & Romain Meffre.

These are the photoshoots I took at Harve de pa.

best images:

I love the way they came out looks so aesthetic. I tried not to make the images that light and bright because I feel like it looks better with less light but bit more detail. My favourite one is probably the last one, the one with the sea horse because I like the way it is set and how it’s black and white. You can also see nice shades of black and white which makes the image more interesting.

How does Henri Cartier-Bresson view the activity of photography?

Henri Cartier-Bresson once said “for me the camera is a sketch book, an instrument of intuition and spontaneity, the master of the instant which, in visual terms, questions and decides simultaneously… It is by economy of means that one arrives at simplicity of expression” basically meaning that creating a great “decisive moment” in photography is to combine your head (intellectual abilities), your eye (vision), and heart (emotions) on the “same axis”.

‘Decisive moment’

‘Biography’

Henri Cartier-Bresson (French, born August 22, 1908–died August 3, 2004) turned into an influential artist and photographer of the 20th century. Considered an early pioneer of photojournalism, Cartier-Bresson commenced his creative profession analysing portray with André Lhote. He took his first pix whilst he travelled to Africa in 1931, and he persisted with this medium upon returning to Europe. Cartier-Bresson`s pix had been posted the subsequent 12 months in Arts et Metiers Graphiques. The next years introduced the photographer`s exhibitions to Spain, Mexico, and the United States. While in New York, he studied the artwork of movement pictures, and later assisted the director Jean Renoir with Partie de Campagne, a brief movie taken into consideration exemplary of Impressionist cinema. In 1937, Cartier-Bresson directed a documentary on healthcare in Spain, and photographed the coronation of Great Britain`s George VI. His travels and topics once in a while introduced undesirable attention, inclusive of whilst he turned into incarcerated in Nazi Germany in 1940, at the same time as serving within side the French army. Escaping on his 0.33 attempt, he later blanketed the liberation of France, and filmed a documentary on battle reparations. Many within side the United States believed him to have perished within side the battle, so Cartier-Bresson travelled to New York in 1946 to open an exhibition at The Museum of Modern Art. The following 12 months, he hooked up Magnum Photos, a photographer-owned cooperative, with Robert Capa, David Seymour, William Vandivert, and George Rodger. The following years determined the photographer within side the Far East, protecting the demise of Ghandi, the upward thrust of Communist China, and the Indonesian independence movement. Cartier-Bresson spent maximum of the Nineteen Fifties lower back in Europe publishing books of his photographic essays. The subsequent decade, however, supplied many extra tour opportunities, consisting of visits to Fidel Castro`s Cuba, Japan, and the United States. While in America, he directed documentaries for CBS News. In 1975, he gave up pictures to go back to portray. His photographic legacy is summarized via way of means of his very own book, Images à los Angeles Sauvette, or The Decisive Moment. Cartier-Bresson`s capacity to seize the cut up 2nd whilst a choice turned into made or whilst a direction turned into reversed introduced energy to his pictures, a energy many succeeding generations of photographer nevertheless are seeking to re-create. The artist died on August 3, 2004.

‘Camera & Lens’

His technique: Henri Cartier-Bresson almost exclusively used Leica 35 mm rangefinder cameras equipped with normal 50 mm lenses or occasionally a wide-angle for landscapes. He often wrapped black tape around the camera’s chrome body to make it less conspicuous.

‘Photo Analysis’

Henri Cartier-Bresson photo analysis

In this photo you can see that the railings, even the pigeon, are locking into the reciprocals and the women in the middle are on the baroque diagonal. He’s capturing all of the repeating verticals of the railings which also helps with depth. But the hard part, and one that takes a bit of thinking, is to capture the diagonals. Here we can see he’s repeating three diagonals. The middle diagonal, with the line of women, is the exact line of direction (even though some of the women can be found on the baroque diagonal). He’s even got a few coincidences where he planned to press the shutter button. The one that impresses me the most is the one that comes down from the top middle and coincides with the woman standing and the railing.

What is artificial intelligence (AI)?

Artificial intelligence (AI), is the ability of a virtual laptop or laptop-managed robotic to carry out responsibilities normally related to sensible beings. The time period is often implemented to the undertaking of growing structures endowed with the highbrow tactics feature of humans, consisting of the cap potential to reason, find out meaning, generalize, or research from beyond experience. Since the improvement of the virtual laptop within side the 1940s, it’s been confirmed that computer systems may be programmed to perform very complicated responsibilities—as, for example, coming across proofs for mathematical theorems or gambling chess—with fantastic proficiency. Still, no matter persevering with advances in laptop processing pace and reminiscence capacity, there are as but no applications that could fit human flexibility over wider domain names or in responsibilities requiring a good deal normal knowledge. On the opposite hand, a few applications have attained the overall performance stages of human specialists and experts in appearing sure precise responsibilities, in order that synthetic intelligence on this restricted experience is observed in programs as numerous as scientific diagnosis, laptop seek engines, voice or handwriting reputation and now producing content material via way of means of textual content prompting generating images, tune and films. The start of the synthetic intelligence communique turned into denoted via way of means of Alan Turing`s seminal work, “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” , which turned into posted in 1950. In this paper, Turing, regularly known as the “father of laptop science”, asks the subsequent question, “Can machines think?” From there, he gives a check, now famously referred to as the “Turing Test”, in which a human interrogator might attempt to differentiate among a laptop and human textual content response. While this check has gone through a good deal scrutiny in view that its publish, it stays an essential a part of the records of AI in addition to an ongoing idea inside philosophy because it makes use of thoughts round linguistics.

Photoshop AI (beta version)

Use Photoshop (beta) for earlier access to the latest features, given that these features are still being updated based on user feedback. For example, Generative Fill and Generative Expand have been in the Photoshop app and are designed to be safe for commercial use.

Adjustment Presets

Adjustment Presents are filters that enable you to preview and extrude the arrival of your images in only some steps. With this release, about 30 new Adjustment Presents are delivered within side the Adjustments panel, permitting you to hover and preview your photo with every present carried out earlier than deciding on it. Once a present is selected, it could be similarly subtle with the aid of using enhancing its modifications within side the Layers panel. Under the presents, you`ll have ways to view the different Adjustments — within side the shape of a listing or icons. Use the three-line icon next to Properties, Adjustments, and Libraries to choose between View as icons or View in listing.

Neural Filter

Neural Filters is a brand new workspace in Photoshop with a library of filters that dramatically reduces tough workflows to only a few clicks the usage of gadget gaining knowledge of powered by Adobe Sensei. Neural Filters is a device that empowers you to strive non-destructive, generative filters and discover innovative thoughts in seconds. Neural Filters enables you enhance your images by producing new contextual pixels that aren’t definitely found in your unique image.

Inside the Neural Filters panel, you can now find all of your Neural Filters, whether featured or beta, in one place. Choose Filter > Neural Filters and select the All Filters tab. You can even cast your vote for filters you would like to see implemented in the future.

Gradients update

The Gradients function has been drastically advanced and the workflow has been expedited with the creation of recent on-canvas controls and a stay preview, this is created mechanically and that may be edited non-destructively. You can now quick draw, preview, and regulate lovely gradients with an advanced Gradient Tool within side the Photoshop computer app. You can create the colour stops and edit your gradients from the canvas itself. Also, you can control the colour, density, opacity, and blend mode of the gradient, see the mid-point and spread on the canvas, add multiple colour stops, and change the colour of the colour stops to edit the gradient with this feature.

Remove Tool

The Remove Tool is an AI-powered characteristic that allows you to update an undesirable item via way of means of genuinely brushing over it, retaining the integrity of close by items and presenting an uninterrupted transition on complicated and sundry backgrounds. The Remove Tool is specifically effective while putting off large items and matching the clean cognizance shift throughout the photograph. For example, the device can eliminate a whole constructing or vehicle from an alpine panorama photograph whilst seamlessly retaining the constancy of the development from meadow to mountains.

Use the Remove tool for:

• Big objects
• An object near other objects
• An object on a varied-focus background
• An object with structure behind it (think lines, like a fence or horizon)

Contextual Task Bar

The Contextual Task Bar is an on-display screen menu that recommends the maximum applicable next steps in numerous key workflows, reducing the number of clicks required to finish a project, and making the maximum common movements extra effortlessly accessible.

For example, when an object is selected, the Contextual Task Bar appears below your selection and suggests actions for selection refinement that you might want to use next, such as Select and Mask, Feather, Invert, Create Adjustment Layer, Fill Selection, or generate something with the new Generative Fill capabilities.

Generative Fill

The innovative and magical new suite of AI-powered abilities grounded on your innate creativity, enabling you to add, extend, or cast off content material out of your images non-destructively the use of easy textual content prompts. You can reap practical outcomes with a view to surprise, delight, and astound you in seconds.

Generative Fill – Adobe Photoshop – Quickly create, add to, remove or replace images right in Adobe Photoshop with simple text prompts powered by Adobe Firefly generative AI.

My Generative fill example:

MICHAEL MARTEN

Michael was born in 1947 in London, United Kingdom (age 77 years). Michael Marten started taking photographs as a teenager and has been involved with photography ever since. His first job was caption writer at the Camera Press photo agency. He also was formerly a graduate student in the Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies, University of Edinburgh, and now teaches at SOAS. In 1973 he was one of a group who published ‘An Index of Possibilities’, an alternative encyclopedia of ideas. In 1979 he started the specialist photo agency, Science Photo Library. He has co-authored several books of scientific imagery, including ‘Worlds Within Worlds’ (1978) and ‘The Particle Odyssey’ (2002).

Sea Change:

High quality use of diptych and triptych and exploring low vs excessive tides to peer how it adapts to a panorama scene.

Since 2003 Michael Marten has travelled to unique elements of the British coast to picture equal perspectives at high and low tide, six or eighteen hours apart. His unexpected pics monitor how the two times day by day rhythm of ebb and flood can dramatically rework the landscape. Also in 2003 Michael has concentrated on landscape photography. His first major series was ‘Sea Change’ (2003-12). A second project, ‘Godrevy’, was exhibited and published in 2015.

Why have I chosen this artist?

I have chosen this artist because I love the atmosphere that each images creates and how its set. I like the way he takes three different pictures but all in the same place but just different angles, it makes it more interesting.

Who was Michael Marten inspired by?

Michael had loads of inspirations but the main people that inspired him was David Stanley, Tony Mamic and Bruce Percy.

“Finally, inspiration comes from many sources (most listed on his website but stand outs being David Stanley, Tony Mamic and Bruce Percy).”

why did Michael marten mostly take photographs of the sea?

Michael Marten says – “I am interested in showing how landscape changes over time through natural processes and cycles. The camera that observes low and high tide side by side enables us to observe simultaneously two moments in time, two states of nature“.

How does this work relate to the theme of Anthropocene?

YVES MARCHAND & ROMAIN MEFFRE

The ruins of Detroit:

Until the 1960s, Detroit became one in all America`s maximum crucial cities. It became a hub of enterprise with a populace of virtually million and a skyline to rival that of any U.S. city. Furthermore, its homes have been monuments to its achievement and energy within side the first 1/2 of of the 20th century. However, on the begin of the twenty-first century, the ones identical monuments are actually ruins: the United Artists Theatre, the Whitney Building, the Farwell Building. And the as soon as ravishing Michigan Central Station (unused in view that 1988) nowadays appearance as though a bomb had dropped on Motor City, leaving at the back of the ruins of a as soon as notable civilization. So, in a chain of weekly photographic announcements for Time mag called “Detroit`s Beautiful, Horrible Decline,” photographers Yves Marchand and Romain Meffre had been revealing the size of deterioration in Detroit. “The kingdom of break is basically a brief scenario that occurs at a few point, the unstable end result of extrude of generation and the autumn of empires,” write Marchand and Meffre. “Photography regarded to us as a modest manner to maintain a bit little bit of this ephemeral kingdom.” As Detroit’s white centre magnificence maintains to desert the metropolis middle for its dispersed suburbs, and its downtown high-rises empty out, those remarkable images, which deliver each the imperious grandeur of the metropolis’s structure and its sincerely surprising decline, maintain a second that warns us all the transience of super epochs.

Why have I chosen this artist?

The quality of their work cannot be disagreed, and they have added great value to the medium of photography. I like the way they take photos of completely different places, places that no one hardly goes. Where its nice and calm or sometimes messy but still calm and peaceful.

Who was Yves Marchand & Romain Meffre inspired by?

Marchand and Meffre are both influenced by the typological and full aspects of the work of Bernd and Hilla Becher and the German photographers of Industrie-Kultur, as well as the large-format images of Robert Polidori.

“Now these cathedrals of industry lie shattered, broken and forgotten, tombs to man’s hubris, a reminder that nothing lasts forever, a reminder that we all will perish and rot one day.”

How does their work relate to the theme of Anthropocene?

It relates to Anthropocene because they take pictures of mostly abandone places and that shows how places can be detroyed or not wanted anymore because of the environment, could also be because of war or other any reason.

Sometimes, the word “Anthropocene” is used to refer to the period of time when humans have significantly impacted our world. Whether or whether we are living in a new geological era, there is no denying that we are a part of a complex, global system, and there is plenty evidence of our influence on it.

Earth`s records is split right into a hierarchical collection of smaller chunks of time, known as the geologic time scale. These divisions, in descending duration of time, are referred to as eons, eras, periods, epochs, and ages. These gadgets are categorised primarily based totally on Earth`s rock layers, or strata, and the fossils determined inside them. From analyzing those fossils, scientists recognise that sure organisms are function of sure elements of the geologic record. The observe of this correlation is referred to as stratigraphy. Officially, the modern-day epoch is referred to as the Holocene, which started out 11,seven-hundred years in the past after the ultimate essential ice age. However, the Anthropocene Epoch is an unofficial unit of geologic time, used to explain the maximum latest duration in Earth`s records whilst human hobby commenced to have a big effect at the planet`s weather and ecosystems. The phrase Anthropocene is derived from the Greek phrases anthropo, for “man,” and cene for “new,” coined and made famous via way of means of biologist Eugene Stormer and chemist Paul Crutzen in 2000. Scientists nevertheless debate whether or not the Anthropocene isn’t the same as the Holocene, and the time period has now no longer been officially followed via way of means of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), the worldwide company that names and defines epochs. The number one query that the IUGS desires to reply earlier than maintaining the Anthropocene an epoch is that if people have modified the Earth device to the factor that it’s miles meditated withinside the rock strata. To the ones scientists who do suppose the Anthropocene describes a brand new geological time duration, the subsequent query is, whilst did it begin, which additionally has been broadly debated. A famous idea is that it started out on the begin of the Industrial Revolution of the 1800s, whilst human hobby had a amazing effect on carbon and methane in Earth`s atmosphere. Others suppose that the start of the Anthropocene need to be 1945. This is whilst people examined the primary atomic bomb, after which dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. The ensuing radioactive debris have been detected in soil samples globally. In 2016, the Anthropocene Working Group agreed that the Anthropocene isn’t the same as the Holocene, and started out withinside the 12 months 1950 whilst the Great Acceleration, a dramatic growth in human hobby affecting the planet, took off.

What are the 4 causes of the Anthropocene?

Scientists now concur that the main driver of the faster global warming is human activity rather than any natural advancement. Significant changes on Earth have been brought about by pollution, deforestation, urbanisation, and agriculture.

Signs of the Anthropocene:

• global warming
• fuel
• Microplastics
• Extinctions
• Anthropogenic effect
• Nuclear power
• Geology
• Fertilisers
• New materials

Agriculture

For the production of both food and non-food items, agriculture includes aquaculture, fisheries, forestry, and crop and livestock production. The cultivation of domesticated animals produced food surpluses that allowed people to live in cities, and this was the primary factor in the rise of sedentary human civilization. Agriculture causes extraordinary changes on Earth because the ancient roots of farming produced enough carbon dioxide and methane to influence the environment.

urbanisation

Urbanisation is the process by which individuals move from rural to urban regions, the percentage of people living in rural areas declines accordingly, and societies adjust to this shift. It may also refer to an increase in the population of urban rather than rural areas. Population growth places extraordinary demand for natural resources and exceptional stress on natural systems. 

deforestation

Deforestation or forest clearance is the removal and destruction of a forest or stand of trees from land that is then converted to non-forest use. Deforestation can involve conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use. This is one of the main effects of deforestation, as, without trees, CO2 stays in the atmosphere, causing the infamous greenhouse effect.

pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change. Pollution can take the form of any substance or energy. Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be either foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Pollution causes extraordinary changes on Earth because carbon dioxide emissions, global warming, ocean acidification, habitat destruction, extinction and widescale natural resource extraction are all signs that we have significantly modified our planet.

Consequences of the Anthropocene

These human actions cause, among other consequences, changes in the water cycle, imbalances and destructions in the marine and terrestrial ecosystems, the increase of extreme meteorological phenomena, the acidification of the oceans or the disappearance of the forests.

MOODBOARD

MINDMAP

Ansel Adams does a lot of landscapes so my plane is to take pictures of the damaged caused by the Storm Ciarán but also landscape photos of nature.

For example I can go and visit:

• beaches
• forests
• fields
• lakes
• valleys
• Cliff – paths

I have decided that i am going near harve de pa to take pictures of landscapes. Mostly of buildings and the beach, inspired by Ansel Adams.

What is new topographic?

New Topographic means a radical shift by reviewing the concern that surrounded landscape pictures as a fabricated environment.

New topographic was invented by William Jenkins in 1975 to describe a group of American photographers. (such as Robert Adams and Lewis Baltz) whose pictures had a similar aesthetic. They were formal, mostly black and white prints of the urban landscapes.

What was the new topographic a reaction to?

Their stark, beautifully printed images of this mundane but oddly fascinating topography was both a reflection of the increasingly suburbanised world around them, and a reaction to the tyranny of idealised landscape photography that elevated the natural and the elemental. In one way, they had been photographing in opposition to the subculture of nature images that the likes of Ansel Adams and Edward Weston had created.

Who are the photographers like Robert Adams?

Many of the photographers associated with new topographic including Robert Adams, Lewis Baltz, Nicholas Nixon and Bernd and Hiller Becher, were inspired by the man-made, selecting subject matter that was matter-of-fact.