What is Chiaroscuro lighting?
A visual element originating from art, Chiaroscuro comes from the Italian word for light dark. In art however, it is defined as the bold contrast between light and dark.
First appearing in portrait paintings from the 15th and 16th centuries, Their birthplaces can be found in Italy and Flanders (Holland). In these paintings the subjects, in a dark environment, would be casted in a singular beam of light, that was emitted from an unseen source.
(These paintings were also attempted by a previously mentioned artist, Rembrandt, Who’s own lighting in art was stylised In photography also).
(Most likely the most famous example of Chiaroscuro, Johannes Vermeer’s ‘Girl with the pearl earring’ 1665).
Origins in film –
Used by Hollywood, Chiaroscuro can be seen in elements of film noir, where it is used to emphasise Moral ambiguity, enigmatic presence and sexual motivation. Seen in old detective films from the 40’s and 50’s, its use can connote the idea of interrogation lamps casting a singular beam or street lamps illuminating one part of the sidewalk. It additionally has its roots in German expressionist cinematography.
(Noir detective films using Chiaroscuro).
Origins in Photography:
In Photography, Chiaroscuro lighting is used artistically to create dark and dramatic portraits of a subjects face.
It has been played around with since the invention of the camera, further exploring the same techniques of light seen in painting.
How to create Chiaroscuro lighting:
Light –
To take Chiaroscuro, either a constant or flash of key light must be on the subject.
Additional edits:
A black back drop is the best for this as it creates more of a stark contrast on the viewers facial features.
Additionally the option of a reflector to soften the light on the facial features is also available if the photographer is not opting to go for an extremely dark image.
Lens – Using 35mm or 55mm is the best Lens size for Chiaroscuro as close-ups are the main aim for lighting technique.
Examples of own work:
