Aperture can be defined as the opening in a lens through which light passes to enter the camera. in some other ways it can be describes as an iris as it work similarly like a human eye, where it can shrink or expand controlling the size or the pupil. in this example the pupil of the lens is named aperture.

When you control the size of aperture, you allow more or less light enter the camera sensor.

Understanding Aperture in Photography

aperture can give a blurred background, which is usually used in portrait photography. This is because aperture has an effect on depth of field as it can add dimension to your photos by controlling depth of field.

For example, here is an image with a shallow depth of field:

Aperture can also control how clear the background is,(opposite). this means more objects in the first plan and background would be in focus. this is often used in landscape photography where photographers would like to make everything in focus.

 aperture also effects the exposure of an image, the lower the aperture the lighter the image and the higher the aperture the darker the image.

As aperture is controlled through the lens, the wider the lens, the smaller the aperture meaning more light and less in focus elements. another way to remember this is: a large aperture results in a large amount of both foreground and background blur and a small aperture results in a small amount of background blur

Depth of Field is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects giving a focused image .In relation to depth of field the bigger the aperture, meaning the smaller the opening in the lens, the greater Depth of field , so more items are in focus.

Aperture can also be expressed as a number known as “f-number” or “f-stop”, with the letter “f” appearing before the number, such as f/6. This can be found on the top right corner of the cameras screen, like so:

Aperture affects in photography:

1. The brightness / exposure of your photos and depth of field, as discussed so far
2. Sharpness loss due to diffraction
3. Sharpness loss due to lens quality
4. Starburst effects on bright lights
5. Visibility of camera sensor dust specks
6. The quality of background highlights
7. Focus shift on some lenses
8. Ability to focus in low light (under some conditions)
9. Controlling the amount of light from the flash

I have experimented with different types of aperture , resulting in some images being brighter then others. This is because as the aperture, the lens opening is wider it lets more light in causing the pictures to become overly exposed, whereas in other photographs I have used already set up camera, where the IOS, Aperture and Shutter Speed were set up in a way that was relevant to the place and circumstances

These are the settings of the set up camera, where IOS, aperture and shutter speed can be seen on the top row.

When taking photographs of the objects we had a set up white background and another coloured paper underneath the objects.

Over exposed image:

Image after adjusting Aperture:

what is shutter speed?

the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure, the amount of light the camera takes in, while a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure. The length of time the shutter remains open is determined by its speed. The shutter is a curtain in front of the camera sensor that remains closed until you start shooting. Once you click the button to take a photo, the shutter opens and lets in light that passes through the lens, exposing the sensor to it. 

adjusting the shutter speed, on a camere it can be found:

Shutter speed is measured in fractions of a second, on most cameras it appears as a whole number. Easy way to remember=

1” = shutter speed of 1 second.

10” = shutter speed of 10 seconds.

10 = shutter speed of 1/10th of a second.

500 = shutter speed of 1/500th of a second

Slow shutter speeds often refers to a larger fraction of a second, such as ½ or ¼. Slow shutter speeds can capture movement and introduce blur, usually for slower moving subjects.

Long shutter speeds are typically around one second or longer. Like slow shutter speeds, they can be used for adding blurring effects to images.

John Baldessari

Jhon is a photographer which has expressed that his interest in language comes from its similarities in structure to games, as both operate by an arbitrary and mandatory system of rules. In this spirit, many of his works are sequences showing attempts at accomplishing an arbitrary goal, such as Throwing Three Balls in the Air to Get a Straight Line (1973), in which the artist attempted to do just that, photographing the results, and eventually selecting the “best out of 36 tries”.

This links back to shutter speed as in order to have a clear image of balls that are constantly moving, the camera needs to have an appropriate shutter speed.if the shutter speed is too slow the quality of the balls being photographed would be lower then if the shutter speed is higher.

Q1: What is the etymology (origin & history) of the word photography?

Writing with light.

Q2: What year was the first photograph made in camera?

1826 (Joseph Nicéphore Niépce)

Q3: When did the first photograph of a human appear?

1838 (Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre)

Q4: Who made the first ‘selfie’

Robert Cornelius (1839)

Q5: When did the first colour photograph appear?

1861 (James Clerk Maxwell)

Q6: What do we mean by the word genre?

A style or category of art

Q7: What do we mean by the genre of still-life?

An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.

Q8: What was the main purpose of the Pictorialist movement?

To affirm photography as an art form

Q9: How do we describe the term documentary photography?

Capture images that truthfully portray people, places and events.

Q10: What is exposure in photography?

The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor.

Q11: What controls exposure on your camera?

Aperture, shutter speed, ISO.

Q12: What control on our camera records moving objects?

Shutter

Q13: How do we explain depth of field?

How much of your image is in focus.

Q14: What factors affect Depth of Field?

Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length.

Q15: What is composition in photography?

The arrangement of visual elements within the frame.

Q16: What is your understanding of aesthetics in art?

Aesthetic qualities refer to the way and artwork looks and feels.

Q17: What are contextual studies in photography?

Consider factors outside of the image, as well as inside the frame.

Q18: How many images are captured on average every day worldwide?

4.7 billion

Q19: Which portrait is the most reproduced in the world?

The Queen (Elizabeth II)