To embed your understanding of the origins of photography and its beginnings you’ll need to produce a blog post which outlines the major developments and practices. Some will have been covered in the documentary above but you also need to research and discover further information.

Your blog post must contain information about the following and keep it in its chronological order:

• Camera Obscura & Pinhole photography
• Nicephore Niepce & Heliography
• Louis Daguerre & Daguerreotype
• Henry Fox Talbot & Calotype
• Robert Cornelius & self-portraiture
• Julia Margeret Cameron & Pictorialism
• Henry Mullins & Carte-de-Visit

Each must contain dates, text and images relevant to each bullet point above. In total aim for about 1,000-2000 words.

Try and reference some of the sources that you have used either by incorporating direct quotes, paraphrasing or summarising of an idea, theory or concept, or historical fact.

Ibn al-Haytham came up with the idea of camera obscura which led on to be the origin of photography, came up with fixing the shaddows.

Camera Obscura & Pinhole photography

Origins of photography became with a small box with a little whole in which produces an image which can be known as pin whole photography

Henry Fox Talbot came up with the invention of film negatives he produced them on paper he used copper sulphates he came up with the idea because he couldn’t draw. He saw the beauty in film negatives made the Calotype.

Henry Mullins made over 9000 carte de visite portraits of Jersey’s ruling elite and wealthy upper classes. The collection that exists of his work comes through his studio albums, in which he placed his clients in an ordered grid with reference to mid-nineteenth century social hierarchies.

André Adolphe-Eugène Disdéri was a French photographer who started his photographic career as a daguerreotypist but gained greater fame for patenting his version of the carte de visite, a small photographic image which was mounted on a card. He was the one who created the Carte-de-visite photography style wich inspired Henry Mullins, Disdéri photos were used as calling cards in the olden times.

Felix Nadar was a french photographer who was known for the idea of using aerial photographs for map making. In 1858, Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, who used the pseudonym Nadar, captured the first aerial photographs, photographing Paris from a tethered balloon at an altitude of sixteen hundred feet.

The daguerreotype was the first commercially successful photographic process (1839-1860) in the history of photography. Named after the inventor, Louis Jacques Mandé Daguerre, each daguerreotype is a unique image on a silvered copper plate.

Heliography is a photographic process that was invented by Nicéphore Niepce. In some cases – it is still used today (mainly for photo engraving). It was the process of Heliography that created the first and earliest known permanent photograph, taken from a nature scene.

The process of Heliography

At the time of invention, Heliography was a ground-breaking process. Here’s a rough outline of how the Heliography process took place:

1. The naturally occurring asphalt bitumen, is applied as a coating on glass or metal
2. This chemical then hardens in relation to the light exposure available
3. The plate is then washed with oil of lavender
4. After washing with oil, the only area remaining would be the hardened area where the image formed.

In Niépce’s famous photograph “The View from the Window at Le Gras” he recorded having given the image an eight-hour exposure, which gives you an idea of how long this process took.

Butterfly lighting is a type of portrait lighting technique used primarily in a studio setting. Its name comes from the butterfly-shaped shadow that forms under the nose because the light comes from above the camera. You may also hear it called ‘paramount lighting’ or ‘glamour lighting’.

It forms a butterfly-shaped shadow under the subject’s nose, which is the source of the name. It is ideal for portraits as it highlights the subject’s main features, like the nose and cheekbones.

Butterfly lighting is a portrait lighting pattern where the key light is placed above and directly centered with a subject’s face. . It’s also known as ‘Paramount lighting,’ named for classic Hollywood glamour photography.

Setting Up Butterfly Lighting

To achieve butterfly lighting, you will need a light source light source is placed directly above and slightly in front of the subject’s face, such as a studio light or natural light source. You can use a three-point lighting system, consisting of a key light, fill light, and hair light, to achieve butterfly lighting. The key light is positioned directly above and slightly in front of the subject’s face, while the fill light is placed on the opposite side to fill in any shadows. The hair light is placed behind the subject to separate them from the background.

Chiaroscuro is a high-contrast lighting technique that uses a key light to achieve dark backgrounds with starkly lit subjects

A visual element in art, chiaroscuro (Italian for lightdark) is defined as a bold contrast between light and dark). A certain amount of chiaroscuro is the effect of light modelling in painting where 3-dimensional volume is suggested by highlights and shadows. It first appeared in 15th century painting in Italy and Flanders (Holland), but true chiaroscuro
developed during the 16th century, in Mannerism and in Baroque art.

Dark subjects were dramatically lighted by a shaft of light from a single constricted and often unseen source was a compositional device seen in the paintings of old masters such as Caravaggio and Rembrandt.

This photoshoot was taken in the studio i used one light place on the side of the models face and a black backdrop to show only one side of the face which gives an aspect of mystery and eeriness to the photographs.

Rembrandt Lighting

The lighting system we used was continuous lighting, there for the lighting was constant so we could see where the lighting was highlighting the face.

Rembrandt lightings a standard lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography and cinematography; it is also used in contrast with butterfly lighting It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment. Rembrandt lighting is characterized by an illuminated triangle (also called “Rembrandt patch”) under the eye of the subject on the less illuminated side of the face. It is named for the Dutch painter Rembrandt, who occasionally used this type of lighting.

By using Rembrandt lighting you instantly create shadows and contrast – and of course, the characteristic ‘triangle of light’ beneath the subject’s eye

Jill Greenberg (American, b.1967) is a photographer known for her Fine Art works and portraits. She was born in Montreal, Quebec, but grew up in Detroit, MI. In 1989, she graduated from the Rhode Island School of Design with a BFA in Photography. She then moved to New York to start her photography career. In 2000, Greenberg moved to Los Angeles. Greenberg is credited with creating a new photography style which is described as distinctive ethereal backlighting. Greenberg herself has stated that she uses digital post production, which has earned her the nickname “The Manipulator.” Greenberg is a very in-demand photographer.

She is known for her portraits and fine art work that often features anthropomorphized animals that have been digitally manipulated with painterly effects.

This photographer caught my eye because of the colourful lights and the highlights on the models face, in my opinion the images look like heat mat due to the colour choices and it makes the images so much more appealing and eye catching.

Greenberg uses continuous lighting to capture her images.

On my first photoshoot i have used a film camera to take these photos.

We went round school taking photos of each other to get an idea of how to work with natural lighting and the lighting you have in unfamiliar places i like the outcome of some of my photos but not all of them, these are the outcomes i like and have edited them.

An environmental portrait is a photographed portrait that captures subjects in their natural surroundings instead of in a studio or other artificial setup.

what is meant by the word portrait? a type of photography aimed toward capturing the personality of a person or group of people by using effective lighting, backdrops, and poses.

Environmental mood board

artist research

Alec Soth. Alec Soth is an American photographer, based in Minneapolis. Soth makes “large-scale American projects” featuring the midwestern United States. New York Times art critic Hilarie M. Sheets wrote that he has made a “photographic career out of finding chemistry with strangers” and photographs “loners and dreamers”

Celebrated as one of the most important US photographers working today, Alec Soth merges a documentary style with a poetic sensibility. His first photographic series, Sleeping by the Mississippi, evolved from a series of road trips along the Mississippi River made between 1999 and 2002.

Soths images tells a story they are intriguing to look at because of the information and life story you can see of the person in a singular photo and how the people who see the image go on journey to interpret their own story on how they see the image.

At the first glance this image makes me feel intimidated due to the direct eye contact from the the man and due to the hand placement it shows power and responsibility.

The photo was taken in a dark room it is a mid-shot, there is light shining on the mans face from either side leaving the centre of his face darker, the photographer used a good technique due to the top of the image not being over exposed at the top due to the natural light coming from the roof of the image, and how the lower half of the image isn’t underexposed. The photograph is pretty symmetrical on both, from the two pillars to the alinement of the cable barrels.

In the image you are able to see the shadows forecasted of the mans forehead, train carriages on the left and right hand side, the creases on the blazer the man is wearing, cable barrels, the outline of a crane.

The photo was taken to show the power Alfred Krupp had in world war 2 as he was a person who helped take jewish people to concentration camps by building railways and train carriages, he held the power to end millions of peoples life’s due to him helping the Nazis. He built them to get economic benefit.