ISO determines the brightness of an image, if you increase your ISO then your image will get brighter. However if your ISO is too high your image could be very grainy, or noisy. Therefore, you should only change your ISO if you can’t make your image any brighter using the aperture and shutter speed.
White balance (WB) is the balancing of colours to try and make the image as natural as possible. Our brains automatically adapt WB so that what see seems natural. However, the camera picks up what the actual colours of the scene are, making the images potentially become very blue or orange depending on the warmth or coolness of the image. You can change the WB on your camera by changing the different values of colour warmth manually, or by using the different pre-sets on the camera to automatically adapt the image to the correct WB. However, this is only required when shooting JPEG images. Instead, you could shoot RAW images allowing you to change the WB later using post-processing software like Lightroom.
This shows the difference between correct and incorrect WBThe image above shows the difference of the image using different levels of colour temperature and the Tungsten light pre-set on a camera during the night. Whereas the image below shows the same image and levels of colour temperature and Tungsten light pre-set, but during the day. This describes the difference of colours of a scene in different lighting states.
The table below shows the values of different colour temperatures, measured in units of Kelvin.
Focal Length is the distance between the centre of the lens and the camera’s sensor. It measures this distance in millimetres. This is determined with the camera focused to infinity. Camera lenses are named by their focal length, for example the lens below is a 50mm lens.
Focal Length tells us the angle of view of the lens. The larger the focal length, the larger the subject within the the image but a narrower angle of view. Whereas, a lens with a smaller focal length makes the subject smaller but has a larger angle of view.
Focal Points
Focus Points are the little squares you see when looking through the lens of a camera. They light up sometimes when you half press the shutter button, but only one or two. Why is this?
When focusing the lens on to an image, you may think that the camera focuses on the entire image before it, however this isn’t true. Even though modern cameras are very smart, they can not focus on every little aspect of an image, the focus points tell you this. They show you where the camera is focusing and what part of the image will come out sharp and clear. In the image below, the points show the background will be in focus, whereas the second image shows that the flower in the centre will be in focus.
The camera will automatically decide where to focus but each of the focus points are looking for something to focus on, so it is really a game of luck. However, you can manually select which focus points you want the camera to use. On most DSLR cameras, there should be a button that you can press to do this; or you can go to the camera settings and choose from there.
The dictionary meaning of shutter speed is ‘the nominal time for which the shutter is open at a given setting’. It’s as simple as that.
However this can be manipulated to produce images such as these:
How does it work?
Shutter speed can be altered within the range of slow to fast. Photos taken at slow speeds tend to have the subject quite blurry and usually the camera must be on a tripod, sometimes even using a remote, to remove any camera shake that could effect the final photograph. Using a faster shutter speed allows you to stop a moving subject in place with a better clarity, this tends to be used in sport or performance photography, even in still photography to ignore the use of a tripod. Shutter speed also determines the amount of light allowed into the camera, fast shutter speed = dark product/slow shutter speed = light product.
A study of an artwork A depiction in art A style or category of art A creative process in art
A style or category of art
Q7: What do we mean by the genre of still-life?
In image where a person is sitting still and not moving. An arrangement of flowers. A picture of food. An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.
An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.
Q8: What was the main purpose of the Pictorialist movement?
To capture moving objects To record reality To affirm photography as an art form To be scientific
To affirm photography as an art form
Q9: How do we describe the term documentary photography?
Capture images that truthfully portray people, places and events. Staging images for maximum effect. Provide in-depth information about a subject over a long period time. An interpretation of reality as witnessed by the photographer.
Capture images that truthfully portray people, places and events. Staging images for maximum effect. Provide in-depth information about a subject over a long period time. An interpretation of reality as witnessed by the photographer.
Technical Aspects of Photography
Q10: What is exposure in photography?
To expose hidden elements in our society. To record fast moving objects. To capture bright light. The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor.
The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor.
Q11: What controls exposure on your camera?
Depth of field, composition, distance to subject. Aperture, focal length, ISO. Aperture, shutter speed, ISO. Shutter speed, distance to subject, depth of field.
Aperture, shutter speed, ISO.
Q12: What control on our camera records moving objects?
Aperture White balance Shutter ISO
Shutter
Q13: How do we explain depth of field?
How much of your image is in focus. To photograph from a high vantage point. A view across a field. A deadpan approach to image making.
How much of your image is in focus.
Q14: What factors affect Depth of Field?
Shutter speed, distance from camera to subject, and sensitivity to light. Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length. Lens focal length shutter speed and lens aperture. Sensitivity to light, shutter speed and lens focal length.
Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length.
Q15: What is composition in photography?
Capturing the quality of light. A piece of music with different instruments. Staging a portrait with props. The arrangement of visual elements within the frame.
The arrangement of visual elements within the frame.
Q16: What is your understanding of aesthetics in art?
Concerned with the nature of beauty and taste. It is subjective and in the eye of the beholder. Aesthetic qualities refer to the way and artwork looks and feels. Making a critical judgement based on observation and understanding.
Concerned with the nature of beauty and taste. It is subjective and in the eye of the beholder. Aesthetic qualities refer to the way and artwork looks and feels. Making a critical judgement based on observation and understanding.
Q17: What are contextual studies in photography?
To provide historial, cultural and theoterical understanding of images. Consider factors outside of the image, as well as inside the frame. To give an opinion without any research. To seek a definite answer.
To provide historical, cultural and theoretical understanding of images.
General Knowledge of Photography
Q18: How many images are captured on average every day worldwide?
1.5 billion 4.7 billion 800 million 6.9 billion
4.7 billion
Q19: Which portrait is the most reproduced in the world?
Mona Lisa Lady Gaga Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara The Queen (Elizabeth II)
20sec A study of an artwork A depiction in art A style or category of art A creative process in art
Q7: What do we mean by the genre of still-life?
20sec In image where a person is sitting still and not moving. An arrangement of flowers. A picture of food. An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.
Q8: What was the main purpose of the Pictorialist movement?
20sec To capture moving objects To record reality To affirm photography as an art form To be scientific
Q9: How do we describe the term documentary photography?
30sec Capture images that truthfully portray people, places and events. Staging images for maximum effect. Provide in-depth information about a subject over a long period time. An interpretation of reality as witnessed by the photographer.
Q10: What is exposure in photography?
20sec To expose hidden elements in our society. To record fast moving objects. To capture bright light. The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor.
Q11: What controls exposure on your camera?
30sec Depth of field, composition, distance to subject. Aperture, focal length, ISO. Aperture, shutter speed, ISO. Shutter speed, distance to subject, depth of field.
Q12: What control on our camera records moving objects?
20sec Aperture White balance Shutter ISO
Q13: How do we explain depth of field?
20sec How much of your image is in focus. To photograph from a high vantage point. A view across a field. A deadpan approach to image making.
Q14: What factors affect Depth of Field?
30sec Shutter speed, distance from camera to subject, and sensitivity to light. Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length. Lens focal length shutter speed and lens aperture. Sensitivity to light, shutter speed and lens focal length.
Q15: What is composition in photography?
20sec Capturing the quality of light. A piece of music with different instruments. Staging a portrait with props. The arrangement of visual elements within the frame.
Q16: What is your understanding of aesthetics in art?
30sec Concerned with the nature of beauty and taste. It is subjective and in the eye of the beholder. Aesthetic qualities refer to the way and artwork looks and feels. Making a critical judgement based on observation and understanding.
Q17: What are contextual studies in photography?
30sec To provide historial, cultural and theoterical understanding of images. Consider factors outside of the image, as well as inside the frame. To give an opinion without any research. To seek a definite answer.
Q18: How many images are captured on average every day worldwide?
20sec 1.5 billion 4.7 billion 800 million 6.9 billion
Q19: Which portrait is the most reproduced in the world?
Mona Lisa Lady Gaga Ernesto ‘Che’ Guevara The Queen (Elizabeth II)
Q1: What is the etymology (origin & history) of the word photography?
The word “photography” literally means writing with light.
Q2: What year was the first photograph made in camera?
1826 (Joseph Nicéphore Niépce) photographed from the view of his window at Le Gras, his family’s country home.
Q3: When did the first photograph of a human appear?
1838 (Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre) photograph of a Paris street scene shows a man standing along the Boulevard du Temple getting his shoes shined.
Q4: Who made the first ‘selfie’?
Robert Cornelius (1839) who in October 1839 took his own picture in the backyard of his family’s light fixture store
Q5: When did the first colour photograph appear?
1861 (James Clerk Maxwell)The subject is a coloured ribbon, usually described as a tartan ribbon.
Q6: What do we mean by the word genre?
a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content
Q7: What do we mean by the genre of still-life?
An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.
Q8: What was the main purpose of the Pictorialist movement?
To affirm photography as an art form. Pictorialisms believed that photography should be understood as a vehicle for personal expression on par with the other fine arts.
Q9: How do we describe the term documentary photography?
A style of photographs that presents straightforward records of events, people and places, often recording important historical or political moments.
Q10: What is exposure in photography?
The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor creating visual data over a period of time.
Q11: What controls exposure on your camera?
The cameras Aperture, shutter speed, ISO.
Q12: What control on our camera records moving objects?
Shutter
Q13: How do we explain depth of field?
the distance between the nearest and furthest elements in a scene that appear to be “acceptably sharp” in an image.
Q14: What factors affect Depth of Field?
Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length.
Q15: What is composition in photography?
how a photographer arranges visual elements within their frame.
Q16: What is your understanding of aesthetics in art?
Aesthetics is a discipline concerned with the perception, appreciation, and production of art
Q17: What are contextual studies in photography?
To provide historial, cultural and theoterical understanding of images.
Q18: How many images are captured on average every day worldwide?
4.7 billion
Q19: Which portrait is the most reproduced in the world?
Q1: What is the etymology (origin & history) of the word photography?
The word photography means drawing with light, the word was first coined by the British scientist Sir John Herschel in 1839 from the Greek words phos, meaning “light”, and graphê meaning drawing or writing.
Q2: What year was the first photograph made in camera?
1826 French scientist Joseph Nicéphore Niépce, took that photograph, titled View from the Window at Le Gras, at his family’s country home.
Q3: When did the first photograph of a human appear?
Taken in 1838, Louis Daguerre’s photograph of a Paris street scene shows a man standing along the Boulevard du Temple getting his shoes shined. It is widely believed to be the earliest extant photograph of human figures.
Q4: Who made the first ‘selfie’?
It was conceived in 1994 by Sasaki Miho, inspired by the popularity of girl photo culture and photo stickers in 1990s Japan. She worked for a game company, Atlus, where she suggested the idea, but it was initially rejected by her male bosses.
Q5: When did the first colour photograph appear?
The first colour photograph made by the three-color method suggested by James Clerk Maxwell in 1855, taken in 1861 by Thomas Sutton. The subject is a coloured ribbon, usually described as a tartan ribbon.
Q6: What do we mean by the word genre?
A style or category of art
Q7: What do we mean by the genre of still-life?
An image that shows inanimate objects from the natural or man-made world.
Q8: What was the main purpose of the Pictorialist movement?
To affirm photography as an art form
Q9: How do we describe the term documentary photography?
An interpretation of reality as witnessed by the photographer.
Q10: What is exposure in photography?
The amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor. Exposure is the amount of light that reaches your camera’s sensor, creating visual data over a period of time. That time period could be fractions of a second or entire hours. The right exposure is a balancing act.
Q11: What controls exposure on your camera?
Aperture, shutter speed, ISO.
Q12: What control on our camera records moving objects?
Shutter
Q13: How do we explain depth of field?
How much of your image is in focus.
Q14: What factors affect Depth of Field?
Lens aperture, distance from camera to subject, and lens focal length.
Q15: What is composition in photography?
The arrangement of visual elements within the frame. What is photo composition? Photo composition is how a photographer arranges visual elements within their frame
Q16: What is your understanding of aesthetics in art?
It is subjective and in the eye of the beholder.
Q17: What are contextual studies in photography?
To provide historial, cultural and theoterical understanding of images.
Q18: How many images are captured on average every day worldwide?
4.7 Billion
Q19: Which portrait is the most reproduced in the world?
![Lesson 4] Understanding Shutter Speed](https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcS_A1OBhLALbJHoVSpcdaiZbVZmjtYJBe1hgpYxw5IxZte-Ofyk8A7dnGp9b9KmiHOFFG4:https://d1hjkbq40fs2x4.cloudfront.net/images/324.jpg&usqp=CAU)
