Exposure Bracketing is a technique where you take 3 or more photographs of the same thing, all at different exposures; the ideals being: one correctly exposed, one under-exposed, and one over-exposed.
When taking photographs, you have to balance the dynamic ranfge of your camera, what settings you are using, and how you camera is metering the scene. Therefore, exposure bracketing become the simpler option to get a correct exposure for your image.
How to take Bracketed Exposures
You can manually take the bracketed exposures by setting up your camera normally. Then after taking your first shot, adjust the shutter speed, aperture or ISO to one stop above and take a second shot. After that, adjust your settings to one stop below the original and take a third. You now have three identical images, each with different exposures that you can later combine when editing.
The images below show the different exposure stops.