PICTORIALISM
Time period :
1880s – 1920s
Key characteristics/ conventions :
Artists aimed to make images resemble artwork.
Artists associated:
- Clarence H. White
- John Everett Millais
- JMW Turner
- Paolo Veronese
- Julia Margaret Cameron
Key works:
Morning, Clarence H. White, 1908
Methods/ techniques/ processes:
- Manipulating images in a darkroom
- Scratching and marking prints to look more like canvas
REALISM / STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY
Time period:
Originated in 1904, development took place in the 1930s.
Key characteristics/ conventions :
Attempts to depict a scene or subject in sharp focus and detail, in accordance with the qualities that distinguish photography from other visual media, particularly painting.
Artists associated:
- Ansel Adams
- Charis Wilson
- Wynn Bullock
- Dody Weston Thompson
Key works:
- Ansel Adams’ Biography, 1985
- The Bowls, Paul Strand, 1917
- A Sea of Steps, Frederick Henry Evans, 1903
Methods/ techniques/ processes:
Used darkroom techniques to enhance the appearance of their prints
MODERNISM
Time period:
1840s – 1960s
Key characteristics/ conventions :
Artists associated:
Key works:
Methods/ techniques/ processes:
POST-MODERNISM
Time period:
1960s – present. Came about after WW2 as a reaction to modernism.
Key characteristics/ conventions :
Modernist belief was attacked by artists in rationality, objectivity and universalism in favour of relativism as well as identity. The view that there is no objective truth.
Artists associated:
- Heidegger
- Derrida
- Lyotard
Key works:
Methods/ techniques/ processes: