Day: 30 January 2023

How have Vasantha Yogananthan and LaToya Ruby Frazier explored identity and heritage in their work?

Opening Quote: …

Intro: In this essay I intend to investigate the differences and similarities of how photographers Vasantha Yogananthan and LaToya Ruby Frazier each explore the concepts of identity and heritage in their work. I have chosen these two because I feel that I can relate to aspects of their work, due to being a person of colour myself, and find that they have both approached the subject with their own unique style and technique. Yogananthan often make images of strangers, blurring the lines between fiction and reality, as well as implementing the technique of hand painting film images, something particularly important to photography’s history in India. His work stands between an outsider and an insider’s perspective, (try and find a quote from Solomon-Godeau text in inside/ outside) while being a stranger and photographing a world, he is not entirely familiar with while also reconnecting with his own culture and restabilising the portrayal of South Asia through photography. Frazier focusing on documenting her family, very much from the idea of an insider looking at the world that she herself as black woman inhabit growing up in a steel mill town, taking her images using a monochrome film camera, giving them a timeless feel. (still unfinished)

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Pg 1: Yogananthan and Frazier use two incredibly contrasting styles to explore the subjects of heritage and identity in their work, Yogananthan relying on traditional techniques and creating images evocative of the Pictorialist photo movement of the late 19^th, early 20^th century, made up of key figures like Alfred Stieglitz, Heinrich Kuhn and Frank Eugene. Employing a local Indian painter Jaykumar Shankar to help hand colour his black and white images to give them a soft and dream-like appearance, through his use of colour and composition Yogananthan invites collaboration and shared authorship of the final image . His work is a way for him to reclaim his Sri Lankan heritage after being born and raised in France, by choosing to approach The Ramayana through a Pictorialist lens, a style crucial to European photography’s history, Yogananthan creates a series that draws inspiration from both sides of his heritage, while also depicting the mythology in a more fantastical way. Pictorialism is defined as “an approach to photography that emphasizes beauty of subject matter, tonality, and composition rather than the documentation of reality.”

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^{George Davidson}

^{Vasantha Yogananthan}

In contrast, Frazier takes inspiration from a variety of artists who were part of a movement known as social realism, using straight photography, defined as “a photo shoot that represents a scene or subject in sharp focus and detail, in accordance with the qualities that distinguish photography from other visual media, particularly painting. Simple and clean with sharp detail.” (reference source using Harvard) to explore ideas of societal injustice. Some of these photographers include Dorothea Lange, Walker Evans, and Kathe Kowalski- Frazier’s mentor until her death in 2006. Frazier’s exploration of societal injustice came from her experiencing environmental racism first hand, and how it affects not just her but the wider community of Braddock.

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^{Dorothea Lange}

^{LaToya Ruby Frazier}

Yogananthan explores his heritage and identity as a biracial man through his project The Myth of Two souls, an exploration of The Ramayana through photography, allowing him to reconnect with his heritage as well as investigating his connection to South Asia. This project works in contrast to photography being used as a cold colonial force used to oppress the people living in America, Africa, and Asia, documenting them and comparing their physicality to that of their white oppressors. The Myth of Two Souls, explores Indian people and culture through a more empathetic lens, utilising The Ramayana, and its many interpretations, to explore the everyday lives of the people of India, while still maintaining the spiritual importance of the story, instead of depicting South Asians as sub-human creatures to be ruled by an empire. The image I have chosen to analyse is The Evening Before from Chapter 2 of Yogananthan’s Myth of Two Souls, titled The Promise. This chapter depicts the protagonists Rama, an incarnation of the god of preservation, Vishnu, and Sita, an incarnation of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth, and their emerging romantic relationship. The title implies that the image represents Rama on the night before his wedding to Sita and shows a young man sitting on some steps surrounded by an environment of traditional architecture and the city fading away into the background. The background colours are soft and light, contrasting Rama’s darker, more modern clothing, as well as his skin. Throughout Hindu mythology, Rama is often depicted having blue skin, alongside the god he incarnated from, this blue skin was likely used to represent the cosmos, as well as the idea that Rama’s ambiguous skin tone could mean that anyone could imagine him as themselves. Yogananthan uses this idea to cast a variety of Rama’s across the images taken for this project and depict The Ramayana, as something seen across all Southern Asia, not in specific ethnic groups or parts of the geography, deeply embedded even in modern culture. While the title implies the image is set at night, the sky is painted to be a light pink fading into cream, helping enhance the more mystical style of images, while also showing off the abilities of the artists Yogananthan collaborated with in order to make the piece, like Jaykumar Shankar, one of the few people remaining who paints on monochrome images in a traditonal way. By collaborating with Indian artists and writers, Yogananthan is able to reposition the portrayal of India, not from the view of outside invaders, but from the people who live there, demonstrating the importance of tradition and culture, while also showing modern day India.

The Evening Before– Vasantha Yogananthan

The portrayal of Rama and Sita in traditional artwork

Jaykumar Shankar

LaToya Ruby Frazier explores her heritage and identity as a black woman living in an industrial city through her project The Notion of Family, a photobook that depicts the relationships between her family as well as the town of Braddock and how integral the steel industry is to the community’s lives. Frazier documents her struggles with chronic illness due to her proximity to the steel mills, the closure of the local hospital which was seen as the heart of the town due to the lack of town development, the death of her grandmother, and the abandonment of the black community in Braddock due to closures at the steel mill, leaving many residents sick and impoverished. Frazier uses photography to explore these societal injustices, and throughout the book places small amounts of text to contextualise images and explain the dynamic of her family. The images are taken on a monochrome film camera, reminiscent to the black-and-white pictures taken of black people during the civil rights movement. Frazier uses these similarities to emphasise her fight against environmental racism and how the US government still does not see black communities as worth protecting, seen through the lack of support given to residents financially as well as the eventual closure of their hospital, eventually leading to the death of Frazier’s Grandmother due to healthcare workers not getting to her in time as they had to come from another town. The image I have chosen to analyse is titled “Me and my guardian angel”, which was taken by Frazier in 2005. It shows her and her grandmother sitting on the floor, surrounded by dolls, Frazier’s hair tied up in a childlike style, and smiling while her grandmother looks at it sternly. Frazier was raised by her grandmother and often dressed her in this way as a child. In an interview, Frazier explains her grandmother’s fascination with dolls, “She must have had hundreds, all in different sizes, different outfits, different nationalities… She began collecting them when my aunt – her daughter – was murdered. It was something to do with filling that loss”. This idea of loss is crucial to Frazier and her grandmother’s relationship, since this is one of the few images of the two of them together before her grandmother’s death, their final image together taken at her funeral, displaying her open casket and surrounded by dolls. In this image Frazier could be showing the complex nature of their relationship, raised by a woman who lost one of her own daughters and fills that hole with legions of dolls. Frazier’s decision to wear her hair in this way could represent her belief that her grandmother still views her as a child, despite her being 25 years old when the image was taken.

Me and my guardian angel– Latoya Ruby Frazier