Case studies

Ansel Adams

Ansel Easton Adams was an American landscape photographer and environmentalist known for his black-and-white images of the American West. He helped found Group f/64, an association of photographers advocating “pure” photography which favoured sharp focus and the use of the full tonal range of a photograph. Even creating a Zonal System to ensure that all tonal values are represented in the images. Ansel Adams was an advocate of environmental protection, national parks and creating an enduring legacy of responses to the power of nature and sublime conditions.

Adam was known to have quite a few problems with fitting in at school and society in general when he was a child, but the most important result of Adams’s somewhat solitary and unmistakably different childhood was the joy that he found in nature. As evidenced by his taking long walks in the still-wild reaches of the Golden Gate. Nearly every day found him hiking the dunes or meandering along Lobos Creek, down to Baker Beach, or out to the very edge of the American continent. His love for nature influenced him into capturing the beautiful landscapes he saw before him in his photographs.

Adams’s technical mastery was the stuff of legend. More than any creative photographer, before or since, he revelled in the theory and practice of the medium.

This theory, that was produced by him and Fred Archer, was known as ‘The Zone System’. This system is a photographic technique for determining optimal film exposure and development

The zone system

Minor White

Minor Martin White was an American photographer, theoretician, critic, and educator. He combined an intense interest in how people viewed and understood photographs with a personal vision that was guided by a variety of spiritual and intellectual philosophies. Starting in Oregon in 1937 and continuing until he died in 1976, White made thousands of black-and-white and colour photographs of landscapes, people, and abstract subject matter, created with both technical mastery and a strong visual sense of light and shadow. 

Through the idea of photographs as equivalents (learned from Alfred Stieglitz) and the Zone System (learned from Ansel Adams), White practiced using tonal values as a form of expression. Edward Weston also influenced White’s use of visual form as a way to express universal ideas.

Edward Weston

Edward Henry Weston was a 20th-century American photographer. He has been called “one of the most innovative and influential American photographers. He was also “one of the masters of 20th century photography”.

Over the course of his 40-year career Weston photographed an increasingly expansive set of subjects, including landscapes, still-life’s, nudes, portraits, genre scenes and even whimsical parodies. It is said that he developed a “quintessentially American, and especially Californian, approach to modern photography

Due to his focus on the people and places of the American West. In 1937 Weston was the first photographer to receive a Guggenheim Fellowship, and over the next two years he produced nearly 1,400 negatives using his 8 × 10 view camera. Some of his most famous photographs were taken of the trees and rocks at Point Lobos, California, near where he lived for many years.

Ralph Eugene Meatyard

Ralph Eugene Meatyard was an American photographer known for his enigmatic portraits and use of multiple exposures. Though he did not gain much recognition during his lifetime, the artist’s haunting images of masked children have since established him as a key figure in American photography.

He first came into contact with photography in 1950 through his job of being an optical firm in Lexington, KY, which sold both optical and photo equipment. After purchasing his first camera, Meatyard joined the Lexington Camera club and learned many of the basics of the medium from another club member named Van Deren Coke.

The artist continued his education in the mid-1950s, when he attended a summer photography course taught by Henry Holmes Smith and Minor White at Indiana University. In the years that followed, he began to incorporate his interest in Zen philosophy and jazz music into his practice.

Eugene Meatyard’s collection: Zen

Rural landscape photography

What is rural landscape photography?

Rural landscape photography is in many ways similar to photographing urban landscapes. The difference is rural photography is about capturing the “life” in the countryside. Of some reasons I like to think of rural as something “old” while urban is mostly modern.

Mood board

romanticism and the sublime

THE SUBLIME

The sublime is considered an art term, first invented by Edmund Burke  in A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful published in 1757. Although first invented as an art form, the sublime applies to photography too. It refers to the quality of greatness and aesthetic captured in a photo – for example a clear image with a range of colours and focal points is a good example of the sublime. The purpose of the sublime is to evoke emotion in it’s viewers – whether happiness or fear.

In Focus: the sublime in art | National Gallery of Ireland
The sublime in this art piece evokes an emotion of fear and terror – the art style highlights the choppy waves and a ship capsizing creating a scene of chaos contrasted by the background which could represent either a stormy sky or a wave about to crash over into the sea below.
Landscape photograph - Alex Aaronson Photography
An example of the sublime in photography could be this photo – as mentioned in the sublime it revolves around aesthetics. The colour scheme in this photo provides a good aesthetic with the colour palette ranging from cold to warm from the ice to the sunset.

ROMANTICISM IN ART

Photography was primarily inspired by art particularly the romanticism art movement which was prominent towards the late 18th century. Romanticism, first defined as an aesthetic in literary criticism around 1800, gained momentum as an artistic movement in France and Britain in the early decades of the nineteenth century and flourished until mid-century. With its emphasis on the imagination and emotion, Romanticism emerged as a response to the aftermath of the French Revolution of 1789.

 Romanticism art in landscapes focuses on the sky and its surroundings however romanticism art primarily focuses on people and emotions – some of the most famous paintings depicting war or love are products of romanticism in an art form.

You will already see that the Romantic movement was broad and far-reaching. Despite the variety of individual expressions encouraged by Romanticism, there are several key Romanticism characteristics, which underlie Romantic art. These include growing nationalism, subjectivity, and concerns with justice and equality.

What Is Romanticism
Liberty Leading the People (1830) by Eugène Delacroix

ROMANTICISM IN PHOTOGRAPHY

 Romanticism as an art form crossed between music, painting, photography and many other art forms. Landscape photography was popular at this time, therefore, romantic landscapes were common. The landscapes focused on the beauty of nature and included a lot of running water and vast forests. Romanticism photography focuses on capturing emotion in the image hence why most landscape photos capture running rivers or a windy day and seem to stop it in time, to capture the emotion whether it be happiness or chaos in one photo.

Who Killed Romanticism in Photography? Stephen Shore and the Rise of the New Topographics
Romanticism photography doesn’t just focus on natural landscapes, urban landscapes can be included to help tell a story. In this photo, the busy trailer park is juxtaposed by the peacefulness of nature on the hill behind it. The stark white colours of the trailers contrast the darker tones of the sky and the mountain. This tells a story and compares urban populations to rural areas.

Image comparison

Luke Fowler (Differences)SimilaritiesClaude Cahun (Differences)​
Landscape photographyPhotographer is included ​Portrait photography
Photographer isn’t central in the photo​Photograph includes overlaying images​Photographer is centred​ in the photo
Juxtaposed from the top to the bottom​Both composed of two images eachJuxtaposed from side to side​
Slightly different themes – freedom​Both in black and white​Theme is about gender identity and loss of identity​
All the images are flat and have a full opacity​Photograph mainly surrounds one person​The opacity has been lowered on one of the overlapped images​
Shallow depth of fieldScratchy texture​Deep depth of field
The landscape photography in the background is the focal point as it is fully in focusThe photographer’sface is the main focal point of the piece
Includes a more complex backgroundIncludes a plain background
Includes one face which is only from the photographer in the cornerIncludes 2 faces

Both these images share a range of similarities and differences. To compare the two images, one being done by Luke Fowler and one being done by Claude Cahun, I can first of all see that both of the photographers themselves are included in the pieces, but they both hold different positions in each photo. Luke Fowler is placed in the bottom corner of his image, whilst Claude Cahun is placed in the centre of the photograph.

I have also noticed that both images include the use of juxtaposition but they both present them in different ways. Claude has juxtaposed their image from side to side whilst Luke has juxtaposed his photo from top to bottom. They both composed of two images but are both presented differently, with the sense that Luke’s are placed next to each other with the opacity all the way up on both, so that it looks like it’s one image as a whole. Claude on the other hand has overlapped two images of their face and lowered the opacity on one of them so that the one from behind can still be visible.

These images both have a similar theme to identity however, Claude explores identity more in the sense of gender identity and lack of identity. Luke on the other hand, explores identity in the way of freedom and not caring what anyone thinks of him.