REPETITION, PATTERN, RHYTHM REFLECTION AND SYMMETRY

Paul Strand

 Paul Strand was born in New York in 1890. When he was 17 years old, he began taking photography courses. His photographs moved from soft-focus scenes of modern New York that reflect the energy and movement of the city and its inhabitants more sharp, focused expressions of objective reality. 

Images By Paul Strand

Laszlo Maholy Nagy

Laszlo Moholy-Nagy , born 1946, was a Hungarian painter and photographer as well as a professor in the Bauhaus school. He was highly influenced by constructivism.

Analysis Between Both Photographers

Natural light floods both image from left to right. Pauls work has a strong tonal range from light to dark. Hard shadows are formed from the pillars and stairs and overrules the amount of light take in in both photographs. Laszlo’s image has a higher quantity of objects that create detailed lines , especially when photographed in black and white. These lines are a much softer tone than Pauls work as The pillars form more harsh and thick lines which are repetitively in line with each other along the floor and the left hand side. This refers back to the topic of reflection as the pillars in Pauls work reflected downwards onto the floor. Pattern is found in Laszlo’s work as the thin shadow lines cross over each other forming some sort of chequered pattern. The darkest tone in Pauls image is the nearly completed border that is nearest to the colour black whereas Laszlo’s work has a blurred light formed at the top of the image that fades down to the darkest part of the photograph , the first steps on the bottom left. As both photographs are taken in black and white , the dominant colour black, surrounds the natural light in Pauls work. As for Laszlo’s work , the black and white colour quantity is equal throughout the whole photograph. Both images being in black and white gives a subtle appearance as not too much is going on in the images.

My Photoshoot – Contact Sheet –

I think these images I took of buildings down the waterfront , St.Heiler , are similar to both Lazslo and Paul’s work in a sense that they have pattern and repetition in the structure of the buildings and streets. I took a few of these images into photoshop and changed them into black and white to refer back to both photographers above’s work.

This last image with the mental rails relates back to the theme of patterns and repetition as for the same railing is repetitively put in a straight line and is photographed at an angle that captures a good quantity of the rails. White bricks with dull, contrasting black lines in between , lay on the floor of the image creating a simple, easy pattern.

In all final Photos , a bit of editing such as changing the contrast/brightness levels. As well as darkening the shadows that are formed by the natural light and a bit of toning/cropping/rotating, they came out in my opinion pretty decent.

Environmental Portraits

An environmental portrait is a portrait executed in the subjects usual environment, such as their home or workplace, and typically illuminates the subject’s life and surroundings. The term is most frequently used as a genre of photography.

Arnold Newman

Arnold Newman was an American photographer, born in 1918 in New York, well known for his environmental portraiture work, which showcased a formal image of a subject surrounded by their work space or environment. Newman stated that he viewed his photography as an expression of himself, reflecting him and his fascination with people and the world around him. Newman was also often named the “Father of Environmental Portraiture”, with his work being displayed in museums all over the world.

Analysis

Arnold Newman – Erhard Weyhe – 1948

This black and white, half body portrait, taken by Arnold Newman, clearly displays the genre of environmental portraits, due to the subject of this image being Erhard Weyhe, an art book dealer, sitting among his immense book collection. Furthermore, here the subject, Weyhe, is displaying direct eye contact with the camera showing engagement, also whilst smiling suggesting an informal image. These stacks of books allow for short and interrupted leading lines, that guide your eyes around the background of the image, whilst making what would be empty space around the portrait feel cluttered and meaningful to the story of the subject. These books, that show the essence of his profession also act as a repetition of shape throughout the photograph.

In Addition, the lighting of this image appears to be the natural lighting of the work environment due to the highly contrasting tones between the book pages and the shadowed areas around the room, which would perhaps mean that it could be described as underexposed. Here you can see that Newman has chosen to take this picture with a small aperture, therefore allowing for a large depth of field meaning that the subject’s workplace environment is clearly showcased. Furthermore, the shutter speed used for this image is presented as fast, due to the fact that it is a clear and detailed photograph without any blurs.

In this photograph Newman has intended to present one of the great book dealers of his time, Erhard Weyhe, and to give an incite on his way of living and working. This lifestyle has been presented by Newman as a somewhat labouring and almost chaotic one, due to what looks like an interminable tunnel of books, pilled high. This depiction of Weyhe could be a sign of respect and appreciation from Newman towards his profession.

Environmental Portrait Photo-shoot

Plan

Photo-shoot plan

Contact Sheet

For this photo-shoot I used a fast shutter speed aiming to capture sharp images. Also, I used a small aperture for these portraits so their work environment would be clear due to the nature of the background. Here I have crossed images out in red that I will not edit, either because the subject is not engaging with the camera, or it is too over exposed or blurry. I have also highlighted the images I will edit in green as I believe them to be my best from this shoot, showing the fundamentals of environmental portraiture.

Edited Images

Final Image

I believe that this is my best environmental portrait as it displays a clear half body image, with the subject surrounded by their work environment, shown on the board on the right. In addition, as the subject is smiling it causes the image to feel welcoming, reinforcing the profession qualities of teaching.

Modern Day Heroes

For this introduction to portraits, we had to take photographs of key workers or modern day heroes in their work attire. These key workers can come in all forms from the nurses and doctors who work on the front line, to the postmen and women who continued to do their job under such hazardous circumstances.

Contact Sheets

For this project I decided to focus on construction or repair workers that might have had to continue working during the lock-down stages of the pandemic to keep the island running. Here I have crossed out the images in red that I will not edit due to them being to blurry or not focusing on the topic of key workers. I have highlighted the images I will edit in green as I feel they best showcase the essence of the topic.

Edited Images

I believe that these are my best images as they display how life needs to carry on even in a global pandemic, and how people like this allow for that to happen. It could be said that they also incorporate this years theme of hope, as they are building for a future in which this pandemic no longer exists.

Portraits

Portrait photography is a style of photography which is used to capture and document people, personalities and groups. This can be done through various methods such as environmental, candid, studio, photo montage, staged reality, and controlled condition photography. This genre of photography is important as it allows us to preserve history or display how we wish ourselves or others to be perceived.

Mood Board

Contemporary photography can be defined as a style in which photos showcase our own time period or the current world, rather than from earlier time periods.

ENVIRONMENTAL Portraits

An environmental portrait is a portrait executed in the subject’s usual environment, such as in their home or workplace, and typically illuminates the subject’s life and surroundings. The term is most frequently used of a genre of photography.

Environmental Portrait

August Sander

August Sander was born on 17 November 1876 and died on 20 April 1964. He was a German portrait and documentary photographer. He’s best know for environmental portraits during the 1920s and 1930s riding his bike on the muddy German country roads, Sander photographed every type of person he came across in an attempt to capture German society as a whole. Sander photographed middle class families, farmers, students, blind children, war veterans, circus artists and beggars. In each photograph Sander had his models simply stare at the camera, and hold still.

https://www.mprnews.org/story/2008/03/20/augustsander

Image Analysis

August Sander silver-gelatin prints made by Gunther Sander and embossed with the blind stamp of August Sander
Young Soldier, Westerwald, 1945
August Sander

In this photo the lighting is natural and seems to be coming from behind the photographer as you can see the building behind him has made a shadow which is behind the soldier.

Image Analysis- Alfred Krupp Portrait

Image result for arnold newman alfred krupp
Arnold Newman | Portrait of Alfred Krupp | 1963

In this image, American photographer Arnold Newman has taken a portrait of German industrialist Alfred Krupp. Krupp’s family ran factories during World War 2 making ammunition and weapons for Nazi’s- he insisted on using Jewish prisoners from concentration camps to work at the factories.

In the foreground, Krupp is positioned in the centre of the image between two symmetrical pillars that stand behind him, Newman has deliberately made him the main focus. The camera is angled slightly above Krupp’s eye level and he is looking directly at the camera lens with a sinister expression, giving the impression Krupp is confident. The dark shadows around the perimeter of the image contrast with the natural daylight coming from above through skylights. This casts shadows on his face, particularly around his eyes which makes Krupp look more menacing and mysterious. I believe Newman did this purposefully to paint Krupp as a villain and to give the image negative connotations.

In the background, we can see lots of lineal patterns with repeated shapes along with industrial equipment and what seems to be trains, it is possible the photo was taken in one of Krupp’s factories. It is clear Newman has used a high aperture as the whole image is in focus, allowing us to clearly see the factory’s assets, alluding to the idea that Newman knew the truth about what Krupp and his family had done during the war and that he wasn’t going to hide it from the camera or the world. Furthermore, the repetition of lights above Krupp’s head could symbolize the many lives he ended by being a Nazi sympathizer and providing weapons/ammunition to them.

The image looks a little under exposed with a high contrast and dark tones throughout. There is also a subtle green hue surrounding the image which links to the idea that Krupp is malicious since green is often associated with evil and wickedness. The colours of the image have low saturation and are not the best quality, this suggests the photo was taken with an older camera. The lack of vibrancy creates a dull, lifeless atmosphere, again symbolizing the lives lost by the hands of Nazi soldiers/supporters. I believe Newman portrayed Krupp in this vicious way to expose him for his crimes and to get justice for Jewish people, after all Arnold Newman was Jewish himself so taking this shot let him finally have his revenge and find peace.

PATTERNS AND RHYTHM

Alfred Steiglitz:
Alfred was born on January 1st 1864 in New Jersey , USA. He began to photograph while a student in Berlin in the 1880s and studied with the renowned photochemist Hermann Wilhelm Vogel.  When going back to the US in 1890, he began to advocate that photography should be treated as an art , he wrote many articles arguing his cause. For many years Stieglitz photographed New York, portraying its streets, parks, newly emerging skyscrapers; as well as some of its people. n the late 1910s and early 1920s, he also focused his camera on the landscape around his summer home in Lake George, New York. 

His work:


Contact sheet:

Selected images:

Edited images:

I like the outcome of my images as I feel they match and represent Alfreds images well. I edited my images into black and white to replicate Alfreds images.

Image Analysis

Arnold Newman-Portrait of Alfred Krupp (1963)

Alfred Krupp was a German industrialist and a Nazi sympathiser. He made ammunition and trains for the Nazis during world war two, and his workers were prisoners from concentration camps and prisoner of war camps. Arnold Newman took this image and it could be seen that he took his image to show the world what kind of man he is. Arnold was Jewish so it could be seen as payback on how he treated his culture.

The man is wearing a suit which allows the viewer to believe that he’s a businessman.It looks as though he is wearing an expensive gold watch on his wrist, which could show that he is wealthy and important to his surroundings. The fact that Newman took this image in his place of work creates a sense of hatred towards him as this is where many people were tortured to work long hours for very little pay with practically no breaks.

Newman has taken the image face on and that could be seen as showing Krupp that they are both equal, there is no inferior race or person. Krupp has his hands interlocked to show authority however it also makes him look aggressive and intimidating to others.

The damage on the columns behind Krupp can show that he cares very little for his factory and mainly focused on the money that was coming into his pocket.

The dark edges of the image allow the viewer to focus on Alfred, the lack of light shows that he could be seen as evil and someone you wouldn’t want to be near. However the gap in the ceiling could represent a halo which contradicts him as a person and the mood of the image. It could however represent that he is an angel of death as he worked along side Hitler, who was responsible for millions of people’s deaths, the fact he fueled that also makes him a killer.

The dark colours in the image add to the fact that he wasn’t a nice person and that he shouldn’t be praised or applauded for his work. It also shows the viewer that this image shouldn’t be seen as a nice image, instead it could be seen as justice for all who were tortured by the Nazis.

Arnold Newman

Image result for arnold newman alfred krupp
Arnold Newman | Portrait of Alfred Krupp | 1963
Picture

Context : Arnold Newman  was born on March 3 , 1918 in New York City. He was a photographer known for his portraits of artists such as Pablo Picasso. He moved to Philadelphia to work as a photographer.

Visual : We can see a old man in the center (Alfred Krupp) He looks powerful. The image is in colour. The background is  symmetrical and is getting smaller as it goes.

Technical : The lights are coming from the top and the sides  focused on Alfred Krupp , the liht next Krupp is darker than the background.

Conceptual :  The photographer Arnold Newman was a Jewish man and Alfred Krupp was an industrialist who ran war factories manufacturing arms for the Nazi . Newman did not want to take the picture of Krupp but after a while he decided to do it. The portrait of Krupp was a revenge from Newman

Image Analysis

Arnold Newman was a Jewish/ American photographer who was one of the most accomplished portrait photographers in the twentieth century. Moreover, his portraits where environmental meaning that whatever the main focus of the picture was, the focus was taken a picture of in their usual environment, which in Alfred Krupp’s case was his working place. Also, Alfred Krupp was a businessman who made firearms and bullets etc for the Nazis which could have made this a personal picture for Arnold Newman to take. As you can see in the picture Alfred Krupp is staring straight down into the camera lens which makes this picture eerie, knowing that he done this for the Nazis and having a Jewish photographer take his picture. 

Technical:

For the technical sides of this picture, the lighting seems to be natural as the picture is very sharp with all the details being crisp, especially on Alfred Krupp which goes to show how he was the main focus of the picture and the background was slightly blurry.

Visual:

Visually you8 can see that the colouring is natural in the picture which goes to show that this picture is raw and most likely wasn’t edited in terms of colour keeping it realistic. The tone would be in the middle between light and dark as you can clearly see the face of Alfred Krupp however, some of the environment in the background is dark due to not having much light. The form of this picture is 3d as you can clearly see that in the picture the environment has depth into it and stricture meaning it wouldn’t be 2D.