Anthropocene – Photographer Case Studies

Andrew Moore

Andrew Moore is an American photographer, born in 1957, who documents the effect of time on natural and built landscapes. His series includes work made in Cuba, Russia, Bosnia, Times Square, Detroit, The Great Plains, and most recently, the American South. Moore was a lecturer on photography in the Visual Arts Program at Princeton University from 2001 to 2010. Presently he teaches a graduate seminar in the MFA Photography Video and Related Media program at the School of Visual Arts in New York City. He captures his images in a journalistic, documentary type fashion, photographing landscapes where man’s impact on the surroundings is being challenged by the power of nature. I felt drawn to Moore’s work due to his talent in capturing a sort of mid-stage between industrialization and natural landscapes, the observer can clearly see elements of nature in his images- however there is also a sense of impending urbanisation creeping into each image, may it be in the background or the main focus. I wish to take inspiration from this element of Moore’s work and portray the idea of ‘nature fighting back’ in one of my photoshoots.

Edward Burtynsky

Edward Burtynsky is a Canadian contemporary photographer, born in 1955 of Ukrainian heritage in St. Catharines, Ontario. He received his BAA in Photography/ Media Studies from Ryerson University in 1982, and in 1985 founded Toronto Image Works, a darkroom rental facility, custom photo laboratory, digital imaging and new media computer-training centre catering to all levels of Toronto’s art community. Early exposure to the sites and images of the General Motors plant in his hometown helped to formulate the development of his photographic work. His imagery explores the collective impact we as a species are having on the surface of the planet; an inspection of the human systems we’ve imposed onto natural landscapes. Burtynsky’s work really inspired me when researching different Anthropocene photographers as I enjoy the way he captures repetition throughout his images with an interesting camera point of view, I wish to reflect the way he captures our world’s rapid industrialization through landscape photography.

Burtynsky was part of the team with Nicholas de Pencier and Jennifer Baichwal who created ‘The Anthropocene Project’, in an extract from Burtynsky’s essay, “Life in the Anthropocene” he wrote “we hope to bring our audience to an awareness of the normally unseen result of civilization’s cumulative impact upon the planet. This is what propels us to continue making the work. We feel that by describing the problem vividly, by being revelatory and not accusatory, we can help spur a broader conversation about viable solutions. We hope that, through our contribution, today’s generation will be inspired to carry the momentum of this discussion forward, so that succeeding generations may continue to experience the wonder and magic of what life, and living on Earth, has to offer.”

Image Comparison

I chose to compare this image taken by Andrew Moore to one of Edward Burtynsky’s images as I believe they both hold similarities and differences with their use of techniques in the formal elements. Moore’s image was captured at Via Blanca, Cuba in 2012 and Burtynsky’s was released in ‘The Anthropocene Project’ in 2018. The first clear similarity is that both photographers have captured leading lines produced by roads that draw the observer’s attention through the images, creating a sense of movement and energy. Moore’s leading line is straight and thick, guiding the observer’s eye into the distance and background of the photograph- Burtynsky’s image also leads them to the background, however his captured line is thin and curves around the top right of the photo. The comparison between these two uses of leading lines symbolizes how the industrialization of our planet will continue on into the future, becoming more and more accepted and normal- just as Burtynsky’s line bends and blends more into it’s surroundings than Moore’s earlier captured photograph. Furthermore, there is a similar grainy rough texture in both images, created by the busy amount of subject captured; the trees in Moore’s image create a spiky feeling however they also have a sense of serenity that produces a more calm atmosphere, which is juxtaposed greatly with the out-of-place motorway that cuts through them.

In addition, there are also several differences between each image, for example their composition and camera point of view. Moore has captured his landscape from a lower perspective, and while it is not at eye-level, it still creates a more grounded impression by bringing the observer closer to the subject. In comparison, Burtynsky’s photograph is captured with a birds-eye point of view, symbolizing the biblical connotations of man looking down on all he has created as if he were a God. Moreover, the actual location of each landscape image is a significant difference between the photographs, with Moore’s showing the woodlands and forests in Cuba being industrialized and Burtynsky’s demonstrating the mass industrialization of cities and towns. Burtynsky’s image holds zero negative space, it’s cramped composition creates an uneasy and overwhelming atmosphere as the repetition of buildings and structures surrounding the winding road connotes the idea of a dystopian, homogeneous society where everything and everyone is the same. The trees and nature which are reflected over and over again in Moore’s image suggests that the beauty in our natural environment is still trying to push against human impact and urbanization, connoting the idea that there may still be hope. Lastly, Moore’s image holds more vibrant and saturated colours than those seen in Burtynsky’s photograph, the blue sky in the background of the image gives the impression that if humans are still destroying the planet by using fossil fuels and increasing CO2 emissions, mass industrialization will continue on into the future, however if we do something about the destruction of our world now there is hope moving forward that the environment can be saved.

CC – Photographer Case studies

Gerry Johansson

Gerry Johansson is a Swedish photographer who photographs simple areas with straight lines. He was born in 1945 in Sweden and spent his life travelling around the globe taking photos. He photographs in black and white and his photos link to historical and social issues. Over his lifetime, he has published 30 books and at age 71, is still taking photos to this day.

Gerry Johansson’s style is taking photos of natural landscapes that have been corrupted by man made structures. His images are black and white and include open landscapes with buildings or structures.

Why did I choose Gerry Johansson?

I chose to use Gerry Johansson as one of my anthropocene inspired photographers. I chose to use him because his photos have simple subjects but complicated tonal values. The images have a lot of drama between tonal contrast, humanity and nature and old vs new. I also like the idea of taking photos in black and white so that the tonal values are very dramatic and I will recreate this with my own photo shoot.

Photo Analysis

Gerry Johansson, Froid

Contextual

The image above was taken in Froid, Montana in 2017 and shows a church in the middle of fields of small grass. There are also many wooden electrical pylons either side of the church. The pylons appear to be stretching for miles through the Montana Desert. The image is in black and white and even though it was taken in 2017, Johansson has used an old camera to give the image a grainy feel.

Technical

The light in the image is clearly natural from the sun, however the light is very intense. We can assume it was taken on a clear day when the sun was high in the sky probably around midday. The tonal range in the image is very vast and the contrast is high. The image has a low ISO as the image is not dark.

Visual

The image has a good tonal contrast between the light building, grass and sky and the dark wires and pylons. The sun is coming from the left of the image as we can see a shadow on the church. There are also lighter parts of the pylons to the left and darker shadowed parts to the right. The large pylons provide a sense of repetition in the image and there are 8 pylons in sight in the image. The human impact on the empty desert displays the opposing forces of humanity vs nature. The electrical pylons are leading the eye from the main focal point and into the desert referencing the expanse of space still affected by the impact of humans.

Conceptual

I believe Johansson took the photo above to show beauty within the chaos of human nature. I believe he is also showing the effect humans are having on the planet in a positive and negative way. I believe the electrical pylons are meant to lead the eye of the viewer further and further away into the desert showing how was human impact is on the planet.

Where am I going to take photos?

As I mentioned on the post about antropocene in general, I want to go to places such as cell towers and reservoirs. I will take black and white photos with a high tonal value, using lines and shadows to create drama in my images. The images will show how nature is being affected by humans and how structures are present in landscapes.

Andy Hughes

This image has an empty alt attribute; its file name is Andy-Hughes--1024x731.jpg

Andy Hughes is an British photographer who works with plastic and how it affects the environment. He was born in Cardiff in 1966 and has mainly exhibited his work in the UK and US. He has also had his work used in the BBC and National Geographic. His photographs directly link with the idea of plastic pollution and the negative impact humanity is creating. He uses his photographs to bring information about pollution to light of the public and has spoken on television about the problem.

Dominant Wave Theory

Andrew Hughes’s work explores the rubbish washed up on the beach where he surfs. Despite their bad presence, these mass-produced items become aesthetic forms within the overall . By photographing everyday products in such an environment, Hughes attempts to draw attention to the unseen ,small scale pollutants of modern industrial consumerist society.

Image Analysis

andy hughes Archives - Carvemag.com
Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles, California 2004

Contextual

The photo is of a red lighter half buried in the sand on a beach. The photo is an example of Dominant Wave Theory as it shows an small mass produced item that would not usually be classed as having an aesthetic value. It was taken on a beach in Los Angeles in California and shows a sunset behind the lighter.

Technical

The lighting in the image is very natural and very soft and distant as the light is coming from the sunset. There is a good contrast between the brightest and darkest tones of the shadowed sand and the light sky. There is a good combination of colours with the red of the lighter mixing with the yellow of the sun. We can assume that the image was taken at sunset. The images has quite a warm tone and the lighter is in focus with the sand and sunset behind slightly blurred.

Visual

The image has a good contrast between the dark sand and the light sky creating tension between the sky and the ground. There is also contrast between the red lighter and blue/ grey sky. The sun is in the center of the image and the sunlight is being refracted and distorted by the scratched and damaged lighter surface. The red lighter combined with the yellow sunset creates a golden colour through the lighter. Behind the lighter, there are many small sand hills that bring a sense of repetition and randomness that link to nature. The lighter is in the middle of the image and is positioned at an angle that links to the idea of the sea washing it up randomly.

Conceptual

The image above links to the idea of Hughes’ Dominant Wave Theory and brings to light the detrimental effects of plastic on the planet. The surface of the lighter is also slightly damages linking to the idea that by putting plastic into the sea it is in turn damaging us. The scratches and dented surface resembles humanity being damages by pollution.

Where am I going to take photos?

I will take photos of plastic that has been washed up on a beach. I will take the photos so that the colours are contrasting and the background is slightly blurred resembling Andy Hughes and his method of taking photos.

Comparison

Gerry Johansson takes photos in black and white and his photos have a high tonal contrast which bring drama to his images. He also uses very natural lighting when taking photos. His message in his photos is that anything can have aesthetic value even the most unlikely subject.

Andy Hughes takes photos in colour and his photos have tonal contrast between dark and light but also warm and cold colours. He also uses natural lighting when taking his images. His message is similar to Johansson and it is that even small, mass produced things can have an aesthetic value.

Comparing Naomi White’s work to my own (Anthropocene)

Comparison between Naomi White’s work and my own

Naomi White | Crescendo, Plastic Currents (2012) | Available for Sale |  Artsy
“Crescendo” part of “Plastic Currents” series – Naomi White (2012)
My work

The prominent similarities between my work and the work of Naomi White and my work is the use of plastic in order to create art. Furthermore, the colours in both photographs are vibrant and the tones are very contrasting within both images. Finally, there is a strong sense of contrasting shadows and highlights due to the use of studio lighting.

On the other hand, there is also visible differences between the image created by White and my own work. For example, White only uses one colour in her photos, which creates a jarring contrast against the white background. However, because I used coloured acetate over the studio lights, multiple tones and colours are projected onto the plastic. Furthermore, my image lacks the blinding, white background that White uses in order to create an intense juxtaposition between the coloured plastic.

Overall, I believe my recreation of Naomi White’s work was successful because they carry similar ideas and messages, however I altered specific aspects of Naomi White’s work in order to make my images more unique and prove that White’s work is an ideal influence in terms of Anthropocene.

editing testing

Test 1 b/w

Test 2 Blur

I wanted to edit my photos to explore new ideas and meanings. To create a story between humans and nature. For that I used photoshop. I decided to use different special effects like black and white, blur… For the first picture I used the lasso tool to select the middle after that I inversed to select only the outside part of the it . I choose to put the outside in black and white because I wanted to give an more sad atmosphere to it. I highlighted the objects to show the waste. For the second picture I decided to use the lasso tool again to have two parts one that is full of rubbish and the other that is clean. To create the part full of waste I cut out parts of chairs from another photos then I pasted them on my image. With these effects I want to show a side that we could have if we do not pay attention to what surrounds us. The two tests represent the waste that we live with. For the third one I decided to do something simpler I use a picture from my second shoot because it had more nature to it. I just use the blur tool to demonstrate the nature vanishing bit by bit.





Anthropocene: Comparison + Evaluation

Comparison

Yao Lu -  Smoke-like Clouds at Zhongshan, 2006  | Bruce Silverstein Gallery
Yao Lu – Smoke-like Clouds at Zhongshan, 2006
One of my Outcomes

Differences – The layout of both images is different as mine has a clear horizon that splits the image in the top middle thrid with a straight line, whereas Yao Lu’s is a horizon made from the mountain tops which is in the very top third. I also left most of the natural landscape in the image, however Lu covered all/most of the natural landscape with waste and netting. The colouring in Lu’s image is more muted and made of more neutral colours. Mine is muted but there is certain aspects, specifically the added waste piles where it is more graphic and vibrant. the overall style of Lu’s image is very painterly and delicate, but mine is more graphic and bold.

Similarities – Both images have the same concept of photo montaging waste in the form of the natural landscape. Both images are overall warmer toned. Also the images have been framed and cropped to be circular in the same way.

Evaluation

Even though the final outcomes I had planned in my head looked more like Yao Lu’s painterly photographs I am happy that the non-natural aspects of the image (the fishing abandoned equipment), are more graphic and contrast with the natural landscape that should be there. This gives the image more contrast physically and metaphorically in the sense that the earth is turning into a waste land because all these waste products that human kind have made and harmed the earth with are going to be the new reality as the natural landscapes are being damaged and slowly disappearing. therefore based on this I have clearly shown the theme of Anthropecene, how the earth is changing based on human error, through my series images.

Further photoshop experimentation – Naomi White (Anthropocene)

Experimenting with Photoshop

Original Image
Edited by adjusting tones and colours
Edited using duplicate layers
Edited using duplicating layers, lowering opacity and altering tones
Edited using iris blur tool

Experimenting with landscapes

Shipwrecked V by Naomi White on artnet
“Shipwrecked V” – Naomi White (2017)

To edit these images, I cut out sections of my plastic bag images with the magnetic lasso tool and pasted them onto sections of my landscape images from one of my previous projects. I also changed the hues of the colours and tones of the sections of plastic bag in order for it to fit better into the environment. I think these images look at Anthropocene in a more obvious and direct way, in the sense that nature is being replaced by artificial materials.

More abstract exploration

Naomi White | SHIPWRECKED III (2017) | Available for Sale | Artsy
“Shipwrecked III” – Naomi White (2017)

To edit this image, I used the magnetic lasso tool to cut out shapes of the plastic bags, and layered them onto one layer.

Naomi White inspired image editing (Anthropocene)

Original and Edited Images

Original Image
Edited Image
Original Image
Edited Image
Original Image
Edited Image

How I edited my photographs

First, I lowered the brightness of my image and increased the contrast in order to create a stronger contrast between the different colours and provide darker tones to the image.
I then altered the curves setting of the image to darken the shadows of the image, and to increase the brightness of the highlights within the photo.
I increased the hue of the image to a blue-tone to enhance the blue hues of the image. I also increased the saturation and decreased the lightness to make the colours more vibrant and contrasting.
To further bring out the blue and red tones of the image, I altered the colour balance to increase cyan-toned colours and magenta-toned colours. This makes both the blues and the reds more vibrant, creating a more juxtaposing contrast.

CC – Anthropocene Photo shoots

MAIN PIECE PHOTO SHOOT / PLAN

For my main piece, I am creating a photo manipulation to raise awareness about ocean pollution, so I need photos of :

– Rubbish
– Fishing Gear (nets, buoys)
– Underwater
– The sea
– The coastal headline
– Boats
– Rocks

I made a table to visually display all the photo shoots I need to do for my main piece.

ST BRELADES PHOTO SHOOT

I went to St Brelades in the evening when it was clear, and took photos at the end of the beach that the pier was at. Then moved towards Quasine. Firstly I took photos of the boats in the sand, then in the middle of the beach, I took photos of the sea with the horizon in. I plan to make that the surface of the sea in my final piece. After went to the rocky area, and took photos the larger rocks.

BOULEY BAY PHOTO SHOOT

I decided to get more photos, as I didn’t really like the lighting and the reflections of the sunset from the St Brelades photo shoot. Firstly, I started near the island to get photos of the rocks. Then I went to the end of the pier where I got another photo looking out to the sea. Then lots of photos of boats, and there was a man putting his boat into the sea, so I was able to get a clear picture of the bottom of the boat, which had some buoys on. Additionally, I got some pictures of sea gulls, which I could add into the sky. in Photoshop.

RUBBISH / PLASTIC PHOTO SHOOT

I took photos of various waste and plastic items, such as, plastic water bottles, plastic bags, crisp packets, and, cans. Nothing complicated, I positioned the subject in the centre of the frame, and for the items that had weight like plastic bags, I filled with air to make it look like it would be floating, so it would be easier to blend in Photoshop, and not look out of place.

SECOND PIECE PHOTO SHOOT / PLAN / (If I have spare time)

If I have spare time I plan to create a photo manipulation of space. For my photos I need :

– Galaxy
– Foreground photo (white house in St Ouens)
– Moon

GALAXY PHOTO SHOOT

I would need to go to a place where there is no light pollution. St Ouens would be a good place. I would need to bring a tripod and a camera. The camera settings would be at the lowest f-stop number, manual focus on the brightest star, wide angle lens (35mm), 800-3200 ISO, shutter speed is 25-30 seconds, but no longer as it would create star trails.

FOREGROUND (WHITE HOUSE) PHOTO SHOOT

I need a subject that would be the foreground, I chose the White house. I would need to go when there is natural light, so I went in the morning (10am) as there was good light and no people.

MOON PHOTO SHOOT

I chose to take photos when there was a full moon. I would use the same setup as the galaxy photo shoot, except the lens. I would use a 300mm lens the capture the moon, with a 1 second shutter speed.

CONTROLLED CONDITIONS- Anthropocene Final Presentation, Analysis & Comparison

Final Images

Above are my final chosen and edited images. When beginning this project, my idea was to work with the idea of Marine Pollution. Marine pollution is a combination of chemicals and trash, most of which comes from land sources and is washed or blown into the ocean. This pollution results in damage to the environment, to the health of all organisms, and to economic structures worldwide. Instead of stating the obvious in my photographs, I wanted to create a metaphor within them. As stated in my action plan in a previous blog, I wanted to ask the question, ‘What if it was me?’ and most importantly, ‘What if it was you?’. The waste that was placed in these photographs does just represent the waste in the ocean, however, as you can see they are placed in different places around a home- and this represents the ocean, home to more, both discovered and undiscovered creatures, that live here with us on land. Our apathy towards waste and the ocean is leading not only invasion of their lives but also destruction. Not only do these photographs portray that metaphor, they also symbolise the circle of life. The bed represents sleep and rest. The plate represents nourishment, eating to stay alive and the bathtub represents health and hygiene. These are the 3 basic necessities of life. Another thing we are taking away.

Image 1 ‘Falsely Comfortable’

Image one is of my own bed at home- as also stated in an earlier post, it is one of my safe places that brings me comfort and relaxation. In the photograph, the duvet is pulled back, exposing a large amount of waste. This contradicts the idea of comfort. Not only that, it represents the fact that people ‘keep the cover on’- the majority of the population don’t think twice about the subject of ocean pollution. Even if they do, ‘making the bed’ take the thought back to the back of their head. Its time to pull the duvet back for good.

It was also stated by somebody that my image had similarities to an artwork called My Bed by Tracey Emin.

‘Still filthy, still repulsive, and still one of the most moving works of contemporary art, Tracey Emin’s My Bed, 1998 gave us a delicious glimpse into the lifestyle of a despairing 35-year old artist. The crumpled bed sheets still seemingly ooze with her bodily secretions, the blood stain from her period clearly visible to all onlookers’. She decided on this piece after a breakup, spending a week in bed. This particular display was very personal to her but at the same time was also very empowering- it shows the imperfection as well as means of mental health and how some experience it. Although a lot more graphic than my photograph, it is a messy bed, filled and surrounded by waste as is mine. It also represents a side that people do not often think about- for her this would mean depression, for my photograph it means marine pollution.

Image 2 ‘When’s Dessert?’

Image 2 at first glance is a dinner plate with plastic waste and a can on it, along with a metal knife and fork. This represents contamination of the ocean and the destruction of the food chain. Due to the pollution in the ocean, both chemical and plastic, many animals and fish are dying out. This alters the food chain, creating less food for some. The way the cutlery is placed on the plate symbolises that the person has finished eating- however the plate is still full and therefore they didn’t eat anything.

Image 3 ‘Self-care Routine’

The final photograph, Image 3 is a bathtub, only a few inches filled with waste floating around. The small amount of water represents the ocean and how many of us care about it. The amount of waste is large for the small amount of water which represents how big of an impact we are all making- and not in a positive way. Along with the other images it also symbolises one of the necessities of the circle of life- hygiene, water and health.

As for the colour choice, this was briefly mentioned but although it was partly for the aesthetic side, it shows the unatural side of polluting our oceans- its just something that should not be happening.

Using photoshop, I tested different ways in which I could present my images and at the same time figuring out which colour combinations worked best.

In example 1, I tried putting together the images with different hues. I didn’t particularly like this outcome- although the images were supposed to be messy it seemed like they were too messy and didn’t go well together. The image in the middle was too dim and overall it didn’t work. Example 2 did look better; the images were symmetrically lined up and the colour scheme matched although it felt too simple to me. When making example 3, I really liked the composition, it felt easier to look at all the images, and finally what came to mind is which of these holds the most importance? They are all important of course but some slightly more than the other. So I decided on the plate being the largest image, the bed being the middle and the bathtub being the smallest- overall I liked the final composition and presentation.

Photographer Comparison:

Brett Stanley:

Brett’s photographs are about how we blindly pollute the ocean on a daily basis as you can see in the image above. In my work, the concept is slightly different because in my photographs it is right in front of you, you aren’t doing it blindly, you just don’t care.

Jeremy Carroll:

The message conveyed through Jeremy Carroll’s work and mine is almost the same. Through their work they asked the question, what if it was you? My photographs did the same thing. This photographers work took more of a graphic, painful point of view- showing exactly what creatures of the ocean feel through the use of human models where as my message was portrayed in a calmer manor, where people are made to think about it some more. They way in which the photos were taken are very different, these here are portraits in a studio where as mine are more objects set in place using natural lighting.

ANTHROPOCENE – Case studIES

Felicity Hammond

Felicity Hammond, a British artist based in London, is best known for her landscape photography, which fixates on the incessantly changing landscapes and the debris left behind. She creates her pieces through various methods, the most frequented being collage. Hammond has also been known to create video collages, that focus on the earth’s climate crises, such as her piece named ‘Lagoon’, depicting what rising sea levels would do to a city. First studying Fine Art Photography at the University of Gloucestershire in 2011, Hammond then went to earn her MA in Photography at the Royal College of Art in 2014. Presently, Hammond is a lecturer at Southampton Solent University, which she claims helps her to be constantly thinking about ‘the ever-changing boundaries within photography’.

Hammond usually displays her works in an installation manner rather than the traditional gallery. For example for her project named ‘In Defence of Industry’, Hammond presented her image in front of a large light box, and above a water feature on the floor reflecting her landscape.

Analysis

Felicity Hammond – In Defence of Industry – 2017

This altered landscape, created by Felicity Hammond, showcases a natural, rural landscape of hills and mountains, that has been invaded by large industrial structures. These beige and white incongruous buildings heavily contrast with the dark tone of the image and the shadows in between the hillsides. In addition, contrast in this piece can also be seen through the difference between the plain and boring tone of the industrial structures, and the rich and saturated hue this image possesses. The leading lines in this collage of images are presented through the ridges of the hills and mountains, as these peaks guide the viewers eye into the background, revealing more out of place structures hidden by the expanse of nature. Although these intrusive buildings look odd in such a rural setting, it can be argued that the focal point of this piece is the dark area of land in the middle, which appears to be a lake, due to it containing the darkest tone seen in the image and its central placement. Here Hammond also has appeared to apply the rule of thirds when taking the photograph for the natural landscape, as a result of the horizon line being located in the upper third of the image.

From a technical viewpoint, it can be said the natural landscape photograph was taken during the hours of sunrise or sunset due to the golden like sky in the background, and the dark orange tint, which may have been a mixture of natural lighting and digital editing by Hammond. This can also be said for the images needed for the buildings, as the front facing walls seem to be lit with the same golden glow. As a result of using natural lighting at this time, it is likely that Hammond used a medium ISO setting, making sure the photograph isn’t under or over exposed. The shutter speed used here was probably medium to fast, as there is no blur or evidence of movement, however the lens would have to be exposed to enough light to allow for a visible image. Furthermore, Hammond may have used a low aperture setting, meaning that the entirety of the rural landscape would possess the same amount of focus, allowing the viewer to explore the background of the image as much as the foreground.

Hammond created this altered landscape to display ‘the relationship between the industrial history of Barrow-in-Furness and the wider Cumbrian landscape’ in terms of its potential future with nuclear industry. Looking at this, it could be implied that here Hammond was aiming to bring attention to the issue revolving around the political side of the impact of nuclear industry. This may be referring to what could be at risk in the potential future, this being the natural landscapes surrounding this town and their need for defence.

Tanja Deman

Tanja Deman, born in 1982 Split, Croatia, is best known for her altered landscape pieces, which showcase the juxtaposition between nature and urban landscapes. These works are created through various mediums by Deman, such as photography, film, collage and public art installations. With these she aims to produce pieces that display the ‘dynamics hidden under the surface of both built and natural environment’. After graduating the Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb, Croatia in 2006, Deman has found success and since gone on to exhibit her work, in various forms, in places such as the USA, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, the UK and many more.

Analysis

Tanja Deman – Landscape, Fernweh – 2010

This black and white altered landscape created by Tanja Deman, displays a geometric urban structure surrounded by what appears to be a dry, desert like natural landscape. This dark, imposing building located in the centre of the image, causes a strong contrasts with the natural landscape, not just as it is the only man made structure visible, but also due to the fact it juxtaposes with the light tones of the encompassing hills and ridges. In addition, it can also be said that this contrast between light and dark is increased by Deman’s choice to produce this piece in black and white. It can be argued that this building is the image’s focal point, due to the central placement of the structure within the frame. Furthermore, the leading lines, which are created by peaks and ridges of the hills and mountains, guide the viewer’s eye across the image towards the focal point. It also seems that Deman has framed the photograph of the natural landscape, in order to create an enclosed piece of flat land in the centre, bordered by hills and mountains, in which the conflicting structure can be placed.

To look at this image technically, it can be said that to take the photographs required to produce this piece Deman most likely only used natural lighting at a time soon after midday. This can be seen through the harsh and angled shadows on the hillsides, and the dramatic clouds in the sky limiting the amount of sunlight. As a result of this, the ISO was presumably on a low to medium setting, allowing for the photographs to not be over exposed . Moreover, this also means that the shutter speed was probably on a fast setting, due to the large amounts of light flooding the lens and the lack of motion or blur visible in the piece. It appears tha Deman may have also used a low aperture here, as this broad landscape contains an even range of focus, meaning the viewer can see both the foreground and background clearly.

Taken from the project named ‘Fernweh’, Deman’s intention for this image, and the others in this series, was to showcase a visual representation of man’s incessant need to conquer and urbanise natural landscapes such as this, imposing its rational order on the land. This also explores what the consequences of these actions may lead to or have lead to, which is a constant desire for escapism within nature. With this, it could be implied that the Anthropocene era has been nature’s downfall, leading to the small areas it has been reduced to, becoming a place to escape our own creations.

Comparison

Whilst both pieces share the same outlook on the anthropic impact on nature and how it is becoming more and more scarce in modern day society, the two images differ and correspond in some areas from a visual standpoint.

Colour: The two altered landscapes differ in this area, as whilst Hammond’s piece is heavily saturated, Deman’s piece is black and white.

Lighting: In both images it is clear that natural lighting was used in order to capture the photographs needed to produce each piece, due to expansive settings of the landscapes.

Tone: It can be argued that Deman’s image presents an intense contrast between light and dark, whereas Hammond’s displays a more gentle tonal range due to its saturated, orange tint.

Line and Shape: The two landscapes coincide in the way that the leading lines created by the peaks and ridges of hills or mountains, however they differ when it comes to the shapes these lines create. This is as in Deman’s piece these lines are harsh, jagged and almost geometric in shape, whilst Hammond’s are more curved and gentle.

Composition: These two altered landscapes are dissimilar when it comes to the composition of the image, as Hammond has incorporated various incongruous structures throughout her natural landscape, located in both the foreground and background, unlike Deman who has focused on one singular building and framed it in the centre of the image.