Henry Mullins was the first professional photographer to arrive in Jersey and start a portraiture business in the very early days of photography. Henry Mullins started working at 230 Regent Street in London in the 1840s and moved to Jersey in July 1848, setting up a studio known as the Royal Saloon, at 7 Royal Square. He would photograph the upper class such as doctors and political elites as they were able to afford to visit his studio.
Henry Mullins| Headshot of Philip Baudains
Above is a diamond cameo, created by Mullins, of Constable and Deputy of St Helier Philip Baudains taken in the 1800’s. I wish to recreate this style of photography by capturing the same subject in the same setting, turning their head to different positions, with a monotone facial expression. My plan is to experiment with two-point lighting to produce bright clear images that will be easily seen in the diamond cameo format.
More examples of Henry Mullins’ Work
My Images
Editing Process
To create my diamond cameos, inspired by Henry Mullins, I first produced a photoshoot using two-point lighting. My camera’s white balance was set to daylight (5000K) and I used a fast shutter speed of 1/125 in order to capture bright portraits with limited shadows on the subjects face. When editing my images I slightly heightened the exposure and brightness to further this effect. Next I used the Elliptical Marquee tool in photoshop to draw an oval shape around the subject, I then copied and pasted this circular image onto a white background. I repeated this four times to produce my final diamond cameo portraits, I also experimented with editing a black and white filter onto my cameos to mirror Mullins’ work further.
Henry Mullins was a Canadian exporter, farmer, and politician. He was the first professional photographer to arrive to jersey to start taking portraiture business in his early years of taking photographs. He mainly focused on taking photos of the upperclassmen including people who were doctors as well as political people.
Henry Mullin’s Photography
I feel as Henry Mullins’s work is very unique to others as he has changed and adapted his work to create diamond Cameos, which adds more details and focus to the portraits in which he has taken. I’m going to try and recreate a Diamond cameo similar yo Henry Mullins’s as I’m inspired by the work in which he created. I’m going to do this by taking several head shots of a model and edit them to black and white through Photoshop. I’m going to use these head shots below to attempt to recreate Henry Mullins work.
Overall I feel that this successfully portrays what Henry Mullins achieved as my work shows very similar aspects to his. I done this by taking head shots of a model and then edited them in Photoshop by desaturating the images. After I done that I used the Elliptical Marquee tool in Photoshop to draw an oval shape around the subject then I repeated this step another 3 times and added a plain white background layer.
Henry Mullins started working at 230 Regent Street in London in the 1840s and moved to Jersey in July 1848, setting up a studio known as the Royal Saloon, at 7 Royal Square. He would photograph Jersey political elite, mercantile families, military officers and professional classes. He would take multiple portraits of high class people, and narrow his portraits down into a set of 4 images cut into oval shapes, and placed into a diamond formation.
Henry Mullins uses 2-point-lighting in his portrait photographs to gently illuminate the face. He instructs the model to turn themselves at different angles in order to capture multiple perspectives of the face. Mullins uses a white background so that nothing is distracted from the face.
From these photos I chose my favourites from different angles and then using Photoshop I edited them into diamond cameos by using the elliptical marquee tool.
I then opened an image of old paper from google, opened it in photoshop and copy and pasted my cut-outs onto the background.
ESSAY: In the Spring term will be spending 1 lesson a week every Wednesday on writing and developing your essay. However, you will need to be working it independently outside of lesson time.
Objective:Criteria from the Syllabus
Be aware of some of the methods employed by critics and historians within the history of art and photography.
Demonstrate a sound understanding of your chosen area of study with appropriate use of critical vocabulary. – use for image analysis
Investigate a wide range of work and sources
Develop a personal and critical inquiry.
Academic Sources:
Research and identify 3-5 literary sources from a variety of media such as books, journal/magazines, internet, Youtube/video .
Begin to read essay, texts and interviews with your chosen artists as well as commentary from critics, historians and others.
It’s important that you show evidence of reading and draw upon different pints of view – not only your own.
Take notes when you’re reading…key words, concepts, passages
Write down page number, author, year, title, publisher, place of publication so you can list source in a bibliography
Quotation and Referencing:
Why should you reference?
To add academic support for your work
To support or disprove your argument
To show evidence of reading
To help readers locate your sources
To show respect for other people’s work
To avoid plagiarism
To achieve higher marks
What should you reference?
Anything that is based on a piece of information or idea that is not entirely your own.
That includes, direct quotes, paraphrasing or summarising of an idea, theory or concept, definitions, images, tables, graphs, maps or anything else obtained from a source
How should you reference?
Use Harvard System of Referencing…see Powerpoint: harvard system of referencing for further details on how to use it.
https://vimeo.com/223710862
Here is an full guide on how to use Harvard System of Referencing including online sources, such as websites etc.
TUE: Essay Question
Think of a hypothesis and list possible essay questions
Below is a list of possible essay questions that may help you to formulate your own.
Make a plan that lists what you are going to write about in each paragraph – essay structure.
Essay question:
Opening quote
Introduction (250-500 words): What is your area study? Which artists will you be analysing and why? How will you be responding to their work and essay question?
Pg 1 (500 words): Historical/ theoretical context within art, photography, visual and popular culture relevant to your area of study. Make links to art movements/ isms and some of the methods employed by critics and historian.
Pg 2 (500 words): Analyse first artist/photographer in relation to your essay question. Present and evaluate your own images and responses.
Pg 3 (500 words): Analyse second artist/photographer in relation to your essay question. Present and evaluate your own images and responses.
Conclusion (250-500 words): Draw parallels, explore differences/ similarities between artists/photographers and that of your own work that you have produced
Bibliography: List all relevant sources used
Essay question: Hypothesis
Think of a hypothesis and list possible essay questions
Introduction (250-500 words). Think about an opening that will draw your reader in e.g. you can use an opening quote that sets the scene. You should include in your introduction an outline of your intention of your study e.g. what and who are you going to investigate. How does this area/ work interest you? What are you trying to prove/challenge, argument/ counter-argument? What historical or theoretical context is the work situated within. Include 1 or 2 quotes for or against. What links are there with your previous studies? What have you explored so far in your Coursework or what are you going to photograph? How did or will your work develop. What camera skills, techniques or digital processes in Photoshop have or are you going to experiment with?
Paragraph 1 Structure (500 words): Use subheading. This paragraph covers the first thing you said in your introduction that you would address.The first sentence introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Other sentences develop the subject of the paragraph.
Content: you could look at the following…exemplify your hypothesis within a historical and theoretical context. Write about how your area of study and own work is linked to a specific art movement/ ism. Research and read key text and articles from critics, historians and artists associated with the movement/ism. Use quotes from sources to make a point, back it up with evidence or an example (a photograph), explain how the image supports the point made or how your interpretation of the work may disapprove. How does the photograph compare or contrast with others made by the same photographer, or to other images made in the same period or of the same genre by other artists. How does the photograph relate to visual representation in general, and in particularly to the history and theory of photography, arts and culture.
Include relevant examples, illustrations, details, quotations, and references showing evidence of reading, knowledge and understanding of history, theory and context!
See link to powerpoints: Pictorialism vs Realism and Modernism vs Postmodernism here
Paragraph 2 Structure (500 words): Use subheading. In the first sentence or opening sentences, link the paragraph to the previous paragraph, then introduce the main idea of the new paragraph. Other sentences develop the paragraphs subject (use relevant examples, quotations, visuals to illustrate your analysis, thoughts etc)
Content: you could look at the following...Introduce your first photographer. Select key images, ideas or concepts and analyse in-depth using specific model of analysis (describe, interpret and evaluate) – refer to your hypothesis. Contextualise…what was going on in the world at the time; artistically, politically, socially, culturally. Other influences…artists, teachers, mentors etc. Personal situations or circumstances…describe key events in the artist’s life that may have influenced the work. Include examples of your own photographs, experiments or early responses and analyse, relate and link to the above. Set the scene for next paragraph.
Include relevant examples, illustrations, details, quotations, and references showing evidence of reading, knowledge and understanding of history, theory and context!
Paragraph 3 Structure (500 words): Use subheading. In the first sentence or opening sentences, link the paragraph to the previous paragraph, then introduce the main idea of the new paragraph. Other sentences develop the paragraphs subject (use relevant examples, quotations, visuals to illustrate your analysis, thoughts etc)
Content: you could look at the following…Introduce key works, ideas or concepts from your second photographer and analyse in-depth – refer to your hypothesis…Use questions in Pg 2 or add…What information has been selected by the photographer and what do you find interesting in the photograph? What do we know about the photograph’s subject? Does the photograph have an emotional or physical impact? What did the photographer intend? How has the image been used? What are the links or connections to the other photographer in Pg 2? Include examples of your own photographs and experiments as your work develop in response to the above and analyse, compare, contrast etc. Set the scene for next paragraph.
Include relevant examples, illustrations, details, quotations, and references showing evidence of reading, knowledge and understanding of history, theory and context!
Conclusion (500 words): Write a conclusion of your essay that also includes an evaluation of your final photographic responses and experiments.
List the key points from your investigation and analysis of the photographer(s) work – refer to your hypothesis. Can you prove or Disprove your theory – include final quote(s). Has anything been left unanswered? Do not make it a tribute! Do not introduce new material! Summarise what you have learned. How have you been influenced? Show how you have selected your final outcomes including an evaluation and how your work changed and developed alongside your investigation.
Bibliography: List all the sources that you used and only those that you have cited in your text. Where there are two or more works by one author in the same year distinguish them as 1988a, 1988b etc. Arrange literature in alphabetical order by author, or where no author is named, by the name of the museum or other organisation which produced the text. Apart from listing literature you must also list all other sources in alphabetical order e.g. websites, exhibitions, Youtube/TV/ Videos / DVD/ Music etc.
The inspiration for this tasks comes from Henri Mullins photography in jersey in the 19th century. His work mainly focused around portraits specifically headshots and his photos were often made into cartes de visite. I am going to attempt to replicate Mullins diamond cameo by photographing different sides of my subjects face.
CONTACT SHEET
From these photos I chose my favourites from each looking direction and then using Photoshop I edited them into a diamond cameo.
After this I copied an image of old paper from google to add texture to my cameo to make it more true to Henri Mullins photography.
Henry Mullins started working at 230 Regent Street in London in the 1840s and moved to Jersey in July 1848, setting up a studio known as the Royal Saloon, at 7 Royal Square. Here he would photograph Jersey political elite (The Bailiff, Lt Governor, Jurats, Deputies etc), mercantile families (Robin, Janvrin, Hemery, Nicolle ect.) military officers and professional classes (advocates, bankers, clergy, doctors etc).
Henry Mullins Inspired work
Diamond Headshots
I took inspiration from Henry Mullins to create this idea on photoshop. I used the eliptical marquee tool to create an oval shape to cut out the headshots. I then arranged them into the diamond shape so that it resembles Henry Mullins work.
A photo montage is when you copy and paste parts of different images of different peoples faces, and put them into one image.
Brno Del Zou
Brno Del Zou is a French born artist in 1963. He uses fragmentation of the body in order to better understand it. The body and the faces are revisited and their volumes are highlighted in order to create installations of multiple scales. These “photo montages” suggest a clear aesthetic preference which does not hide the chaotic and “messy” side of our minds.
How I made mine?
I started by taking images of my friends. They looked into the camera with no expression, this was because it would be easier to match their faces together in Photoshop
Contact sheet:
This were the 3 images I chose to use.
I made layers of shapes in Photoshop to create clipping masks so the image overlays the background image to create a “cut-out” section which would be another person face.
I moved the layers around to see what looked best then saved it.
Final Images
I experimented with different compositions as used circles and rectangles to show the different faces. Overall, I thought that all 3 looked good, but 1 stood out better.
Best Image
I like this image as it worked out well. The shapes that contained the other images contrasted the background image, I think it made it more clear so that you can see the edges. Therefore creating a better outcome. I lined the others images up with the background image so that it looks more natural.
Critique
I don’t really like the harsh lines, so I could of used the eraser tool the fade the image together, although I think that it would take the photo montage aspect away.
The photographs highlighted in red are what I believe to be my least successful images. This is because these are out of focus, the worker’s eyes are closed or the image doesn’t focus on the aspect I want to highlight.
My most successful images are highlighted in green. I think these are my most successful photographs because they represent the worker in their environment, therefore they represent the theme of environmental portraits the best. These images are taken at various angles in order to achieve different perspectives. Also, the use of the essential worker’s uniform notifies the audience the role the worker plays, which was the key signifier for this project.
Photoshop development
Original imageEdited image
To edit this image, I used the monochromatic filter and adjusted both curve levels and contrast in order to make the photograph more dramatic. The mask creates a focal point as it is a point of extreme contrast against the darker tones.
“Edward Joseph Bellew, 2nd Baron Bellew” – Henry Mullins (circa 1862)
Henry Mullins moved from London to Jersey in 1848. He set up his studio knows as the “Royal Saloon” at 7 Royal Square, where he worked in partnership with Mr Millward for a year. He then worked alone in the same studio for another 26 years. He would take multiple portraits of high class people such as police officers and the Royal Militia, and narrow his portraits down into a set of 4 images cut into oval shapes, and placed into a diamond formation.
Analysis of Diamond Cameo images
Headshot of Philip Baudins – Henry Mullins (circa 1850)
Henry Mullins uses 2-point-lighting in his portrait photographs to gently illuminate the face. The soft lighting subtly highlights the high points of the face without creating harsh shadows. However, some of Henry Mullins photographs can be seen as over-exposed as not a lot of detail of the face is captured, and the photos tend towards lightness although the clothing creates a strong contrast between light and dark.
He instructs the model to turn themselves at different angles in order to capture multiple perspectives of the face. Mullins uses a white background so that nothing is distracted from the face. He would usually take photographs of the models entire body and cut down the selection of images to create headshots
Once Henry Mullins takes the images, he cuts them down into a card which was commonly traded amongst both friends and visitors around the island.
Photoshoot Plan
Diamond Cameos inspired photoshoot
For this photoshoot, I used two-point lighting with soft box lighting to gently alluminate the face without creating harsh shadows. I took photos of the face at different angles and used a tripod in order to keep the camera still and prevent the photos from blurring.
Photoshop Development
Original Image
Original Image
Original Image
Edited Image
Edited Images
To edit these images into the diamond cameo style similar to the technique used by Henry Mullins, I used the elliptical marquee tool and cut oval shapes over the face of the model. I then copied and pasted these onto a new page on Photoshop and arranged them into a diamond configuration. For one of my diamond cameos, I used the monochrome filter to achieve the same effect that Mullins does in his images, however I tried a more vintage look on my second diamond portrait to give it a more modern look without discarding the aged appearance of the photographs.
The use of artificial lighting offers many creative possibilities such as chiaroscuro, Rembrandt, hard and soft lighting. This can be done through the use of 1 and 2 point lighting. One point lighting is a type of studio portrait, in which only one light source is used to illuminate the subject, resulting in often dark and moody images. On the other hand, two point lighting is a type of studio portrait, in which two light sources are used to illuminate the subject, causing the images to often look clear, professional and shadow-less.
One Point Lighting and Chiaroscuro
Chiaroscuro is an Italian term literally meaning ‘light and dark’, and also is a method of lighting in which the use of contrast and shading is used to produce a composition. This type of lighting was originally showcased and developed to its full potential by artist Leonardo Da Vinci. Artist or photographers often use this technique in order to achieve a dramatic or impactful final image.
Analysis
Peter Lindbergh
Peter Lindbergh was a German fashion photographer, born in 1944, known best for his cinematic photography and being one of the most influential contemporary photographers. Lindbergh first started off his creative career by studying painting at the College of Art in Krefeld. After graduating Lindbergh turned to the medium of photography, later working for Stern Magazine.
Lindbergh was said to set himself apart from other photographers by redefining beauty standards in fashion photography. He did this by not defining the subject in the photographs by their age, and excessively retouching the images to conceal it. Lindbergh believed that photographers should “free women, and finally everyone, from the terror of youth and perfection”.
Lupita Nyong’o, photographed by Peter Lindbergh for the 2017 Pirelli calendar.
This black and white image taken by Peter Lindbergh displays a head shot of actress Lupita Nyong’o in one point lighting. By using this method Lindbergh has illuminated the left side of her face while casing a dark shadow on the other. In addition, it can be said that Lindbergh’s use of black and white, instead of colour, accentuates this chiaroscuro lighting and the contrast between light and dark. These contrasting tones also create various angular lines around the image, such as the sharp diagonal shadow line on her neck, which can be said to lead the viewer’s eye towards the focal point of her face. Here Lindbergh has centred Nyong’o in the centre of the image, which allows for almost an even amount of empty space either side of her and the main focus to be on the headshot itself.
Focusing on the technical aspects of this photograph, you can see that Lindbergh has used a fast shutter speed to capture this image, due to the fact that there is little to no blur and it was taken in a dark setting. Furthermore, he has also used a medium to large aperture, as you can see that the background has been given less focus than Nyong’o herself, allowing for a small depth of field. The one point studio lighting for this photograph also means that Lindbergh must have used a high ISO, so that the camera would be more responsive to the little amount of light in the room.
Photo-shoot
Plan
Contact sheets
Edited Images
While editing these images I focused mainly on adjusting the exposure and contrast, so that my use of one point lighting would be best displayed. To do this I made sure my images were not too under or over exposed, allowing for a clear and sharp portrait. To further the effects of this type of lighting I increased the contrast on all of my images, in order to get a more dramatic chiaroscuro photograph. I also reduced some of the noise in the background of the images, due to low light.
Final Image
I believe that this is my best image from my studio one point lighting photoshoot, due to the fact that I think it best showcases the technique of chiaroscuro and the contrast between light and dark. In addition, it is also one of my sharpest images and is well centred with a basic background, allowing for the viewers attention to be drawn to the focal point of the subject in the image.
