White balance is a camera setting that automatically adjusts the color balance of light the you’re shooting in so that it appears a neutral white. This setting can also be set to manual which lets you create your desired colour balance for a photo. For example, if you are taking a photo of a white neon sign you might want to set the white balance to tungsten which will give the white a blue/purple shade.
Different types of lenses can give you a different range of zoom and focus. A portrait lens (wide lens) has no zoom only, this means you have to physically move close to what you are capturing, you can then adjust the focus manually. You also have have telephoto lens, which has an extreme zoom on it up to 200mm, from where you are standing, you can also use manual focus on this as well.
In this experiment these are the 3 types of lenses I used, a portrait lens, a regular lens and a telephoto lens. I used them all on a manual setting, so I could adjust the focus alone, to get certain parts of the photo in focus and sharp and the surrounding blurred out. 
I started with a telephoto lens, in these images I focused on blurring out mainly the background. By using text in an image it really shows the blurred background as the text is sharp and readable. Text just makes the sharpness more obvious. I also worked on depth of field with this camera, giving the images a deeper look, making it look like there’s more there than there actually is, by blurring out the closer objects are the whole background. By blurring out the background it make sit look like the scenery behind goes on for longer than it actually does.
I then moved onto the portrait lens. This lens was difficult to work with, but has become one of my favorite lenses. It was difficult because you had to physically move closer towards what you were capturing, but if you went to close or too far away the whole image would be in focus. This lens produces extremely sharp images, as the blurred surroundings is distinct.
I then experimented with the regular lens, this lens was okay and could easily capture the images I wanted but the focusing wasn’t as sharp as the other lenses could make it. And the sharpness of the focused object is important as it can make the photo.
ISO stands for International Standard Organisation.
ISO is a number that indicates how sensitive your camera is to the available light. The ISO ratings are auto,100, 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200, 6400. The ISO setting is directly set up with your shutter speed and aperture setting, to make the photos properly exposed. When the ISO rate is higher less light would be needed to obtain enough exposure. Over all changing the ISO settings on the camera increases or decreases the sensitivity and light gathering ability 
ISO 400
ISO 800
ISO 1600
ISO 200
ISO 100
ISO Auto
White balance is a camera setting where you are able to choose the best colour setting for taking pictures in your location so you are able to get the colour in your pictures as accurate as possible. On my specific camera there were 5 different options; Auto, Tungsten, florescent, daylight, cloudy and flash.
Auto is the automatic mode where the camera will decide which mode is the best based on where you are shooting. Tungsten is mostly used to shoot indoors under household lighting, as it usually cools down a picture. I noticed that the florescent mode warmed up my images. Daylight mode makes your images have a fairly normal white type of filter. The cloudy mode made my images look similar, except it warmed it up slightly more. Usually when you take pictures using flash, it can make your images turn out quite white and washed out. The flash white balance warms your images up a bit more to reverse this.
When taking images using certain WB settings, its important to have the correct shutter speed. If its too slow, your images turn out too overexposed. This happened while i was experimenting with my images, as you are able to see from my contact sheet.
Here is a video which further explains White Balance:
Manual focus is a camera setting where you have to focus on things you’re trying to photograph manually. This means that objects will not be automatically focused every time you point your camera at it, like they are with auto focus. Although this may be inconvenient at some times, it a good setting to use if you are trying to capture still things where can can afford to spend some extra time trying to focus on it correctly. This setting allows you to be able to focus on different things in your location. As you can see from my contact sheets I firstly photographed fruit. With the manual focus, I was able to individually focus on different pieces of fruit by adjusting the lens. I was even able to focus on the background of my images, Meaning that the objects in front were completely out of focus. With this setting you are able to manipulate your audience’s focus when they look at an image.
Some Examples:
By changing the ISO setting of a camera, the camera sensitivity to light changes. By increasing the number on the ISO setting, the camera becomes more sensitive to light, and so photographs can be taken in darker areas without the need for flash.
ISO is useful for taking photographs, as rather than using flash, and making the image seem more artificial, ISO makes use of the natural light already in the scene, and so makes the photograph look more natural.
However, using a high ISO setting can also add to the noise of the photograph, lowering the quality of the image overall. That is why it is important to carefully decide how high the ISO is set, depending on the setting that the photograph is being taken in.
For my experimentation, I used the same subject, while changing the ISO setting. In order to allow each photograph the same amount of light, I changed the shutter speed as I increased the ISO. The results of 5 different photographs, ranging from ISO 400-6400 can be seen below.
As I raised the ISO, the photograph became darker, and so to counteract this I also gradually decreased the shutter speed, from 1/10 to 1/100. This allowed for the same amount of light in each image.
In the above 2 images, the difference between the ISO was large (the first one had an ISO of 400, and the second of ISO 6400). The bottom image is clearly more sensitive to light, as it has made the image brighter without the use of flash, whereas the image above is less sensitive to light, and so the image appears to be darker.
The above images were both taken of the same leaf, yet the first image clearly has more noise than the second. This is because the first image was taken using ISO 6400, and the second taken using ISO 400. Although using a higher ISO allows for for camera to become more light sensitive, the amount of noise in the photographs taken with this higher ISO makes the image seem blurry and low in quality due to the extra noise produced.
The ISO on a digital camera allows the user to control how light sensitive the camera is.
The lower the ISO, the less light sensitive the camera is.
The higher the ISO, the more light sensitive the camera is.
The ISO allows the user to take photos in bright areas with a low ISO and in darker areas with an increased ISO.
When the ISO is increased, the quality of the images will be poorer. The images become grainy, less sharp and will have decreased amounts of detail.
ISO 100
ISO 400
ISO 1600
ISO 6400
Whilst experimenting with white balance I found that the light changed temperature depending on the white balance setting, the aperture I used and the place I was. I had to change my aperture when I moved outside. I wasn’t looking to get the best photo, I was just trying to see what each setting looked like.
By changing the IOS level I found I had to change my shutter speed so my image wasn’t overwhelmed with light or lacking light. I did notice a change in my images. The ones with the lower IOS were sharper and less grainy and less noisy.
I decided to use the same subject in the majority of my images because I wanted to show the difference between the IOS levels and how it affects the camera.
The rule is as you increase IOS, decrease shutter speed. (eg. From 1/25 to 1/120)