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Studio lighting techniques

There are many possible techniques that can be used in a studio setup, these can be used to achieve various effects, such as minimising shadows, exaggerating shapes or highlighting certain areas of the frame.

One-point lighting:

We are used to seeing this type of lighting every day in nature, in the form of sunshine. A single source of light creates a very natural, sometimes dramatic look that will draw people’s attention to the single lighted person or surface. And if it’s good enough for nature, there will be times is will easily bee good enough for taking photos. As anyone can see with a walk around the park, a single source looks two dimensional or flat, and rarely hits people straight on, so it creates shadows.

This is an example of an image taken using one-point lighting.

Two-point lighting:

This lighting method is used when you want the subtleness of a single light source but you want the person/object to stand out, and appear more 3D. Its a great way to add depth to photos without going overboard. There is still quite a potential for shadowing if a person turns their head either direction, but where a little shadowing is okay, this can be an effective way to bring focus.

This is an example of an image taken using two-point lighting.

Three-point lighting:

Not everyone is happy with the shadows that two-point lighting can produce, so the obvious solution is to have two lighting points at the front with a back light to try get rid of the shadow.

This is an example of an image taken using three-point lighting.

Street photography introduction

Street photography is when you capture interesting photographs of regular, everyday people outside in public. Street photography is very interesting because you are ale to capture so many different types of people, that all look unique in their own way.

To be a successful street photographer I think that you have to have an eye for detail but also an interest in different types of people, in order to notice them and be able to photograph them. I also think that it takes a lot of confidence. After experimenting with street photography myself, I realized that it is not as easy as it seems, and that’s its actually a lot harder than I though to be able to take successful images, as standing in the street taking images of people passing by requires you to be a lot bolder than you think.

There are many different approaches that you can take to street photography. Some photographers prefer to take more candid images where the people they’re photographing don’t really notice they’re there, while other photographers like Dougie Wallace and Bruce Gilden prefer to surprisingly picture people very up close with bright flashes. Each of these 2 approaches give you different outcomes:

 

Garry Winogrand, New York, ca. 1960.

As you can see, this outcome shows that if you take a more subtle approach to capturing people. you get a more candid outcome which makes the image look a lot more natural and realistic.

Image by Dougie Wallace, “Harrodsburg”

On the other hand, Wallace’s more loud, and surprising approach to photographing people means that in his images all the subjects react with the camera, as you can see in his image above where all the women he pictured are looking at the camera.

Street photography mood board

Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGX_hb8NfVY

 

 

Environmental Portraits – Blurred Identity

For this experimentation I purposely wanted all of my compositions to be blurry. I wanted to do this because we are all keeping a hold of the idea of not necessarily beauty but self identification. By making my portraits blurry I’m exposing the viewer to assume and suggest a lifestyle, age, occupation and confidence. This is exposing the viewer on their opinions on others around them and how quick everyone is to assume everything.  We all think we have it all figured out from looking at a person but there is more to a person than meets the eye.

Examples

Justin Lincoln – self portrait ‘by the pain of fleeting joy’
Ilkka Uimone for Newsweek

Blurred street photography

Final images

Edits

5. Studio Portraits and Lighting Techniques (Mon 19th-Friday 30th Nov)

Concept : Rankin on “beautiful portraits”

 

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Studio Lighting

Exploring Technique

1. Natural Light

Remember >>>Photography is completely dependent on the availability of  light.

In most cases we can make use of natural or available / ambient light…but we must be aware of different kinds of natural light and learn how to exploit it thoughtfully and creatively

  • intensity of the light
  • direction of the light
  • temperature of the light and white balance
  • Using reflectors (silver / gold)

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  • Using diffusers , tissue paper, coloured gels, tracing paper etc
  • Front / side / back lighting
  • High Key / low key lighting
  • Shadows / silhouettes

2. Studio Lighting

Using artificial lighting can offer many creative possibilities…so we will explore

  • size and shape of light
  • distance from subject to create hard / soft light
  • angles and direction…high, low, side lighting
  • filtered light
  • camera settings : WB / ISO / shutter speed etc
  • reflectors and diffusers
  • key lighting, fill lighting, back lighting, 3 point lighting
  • soft-boxes, umbrella lights, spot lights and floodlights
  • chiarascuro and Rembrandt lighting
  • high key and low key lighting techniques
  • backdrops and infinity curves
Johannes Vermeer, The Girl with the Pearl Earring, 1665—-chiarusco as employed by the Dutch Masters

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Above : An example of “bouncing” the flash to soften the effects and create a larger “fill” area…try this wherever there are white walls/ ceilings

Using Flash

Flash units offer a range of possibilities in both low and high lighting scenarios…we will explore

  • flash “bouncing”
  • fill-in flash
  • TTL / speedlight flash
  • remote / infra-red flash (studio lighting)
  • fast + slow synch flash
  • light painting c/w slow shutter speeds

Evidence of Your Learning

During this weeks we would expect all students to complete 2-3 blog posts  detailing how you are experimenting with various lighting techniques eg CHIARASCURO / REMBRANDT LIGHTING

Add information / links showing how Chiarascuro has been used since the Renaissance in painting…but also how it used now in photography and film

You must describe and explain your process with each technique…add your images to your blog as you progress, print off your successful images and evaluate your process using technical vocab and analysis skills. Think carefully about the presentation of your ideas and outcomes…compare your work to relevant portrait photographers as you go eg

Annie Leibovitz, Irving Penn, Rankin, Richard Avedon, Yousef Karsh, David Bailey, Mario Testino, Steve McCurry, Jill Greenberg, Nick Knight, Tim Walker, Corrine Day, Jane Bown etc

Expected Final Outcomes this Week

  • Case Study and Practical Responses to Rankin or another studio photographer
  • 1 x Final Portrait using natural light + analysis and evaluation
  • 1 x Final Portrait using artificial light (1, 2 + 3 point lighting) + analysis and evaluation
  • 1 x Final Portrait using flash + analysis and evaluation

Think about how you can show evidence of head shots, cropped head shots, half body, three-quarter length and full length portraits.

Show that you can employ interesting angles and viewpoints…

Make sure you ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS IN YOUR BLOG

  • Why do we use studio lighting?
  • What is the difference between 1-2-3 point lighting and what does each technique provide / solve
  • What is fill lighting?
  • What is spill lighting?
  • What is Chiarascuro ? Show examples + your own experiments
Bouncing the flash to soften its effects

 

Or use light painting techniques…

  • Slow Shutter speeds (1/30th sec or BULB setting)
  • Illuminate an area / person with a torch , study lamp, glowstick, car headlights etc…

HOMEWORK

(Refer to your tracking sheet)

  1. You must complete a range of studio lighting experiments and present your strongest ideas on a separate blog post
  2. Remember to select only the most successful images
  3. You should be aiming to produce portraits that show clarity, focus and a clear understanding of a range of lighting techniques
  4. Editing should be minimal at this point…we are looking for your camera skills here
  5. But…be creative and experimental with your approach “in camera”…extremes, uniqueness and possibly thought provoking imagery will improve your ideas and outcomes.

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Hendrik Kerstens
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Rankin
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Paola Sanchez

Street Photography

 

Mood Board

Definition: ‘Street photography, also sometimes called candid photography, is photography conducted for art or inquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incidents within a public place. Although there is a difference between street and candid photography, it is usually subtle with most street photography being candid in nature and some candid photography being classifiable as street photography. Street photography does not necessitate the presence of a street or even the urban environment. Though people usually feature directly, street photography might be absent of people and can be of an object or environment where the image projects a decidedly human character in facsimile or aesthetic.’

“Don’t wait. The time will never be just right.”
-Napoleon Hill

“Just go out and shoot! It’s great to get inspired by reading books and watching tutorials and so forth, but you need to actually go out and take pictures. Don’t be afraid to get out there.”                                     -Valerie Jardin

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Bresson was a French photographer, who was said to have pioneered the genre of street photography. He thought of photography as a way of capturing a decisive moment. Bresson’s passion of photography came at an early age where he used to capture moments of his family holidays. This small hobbit then turned into his career, where he made a massive contribution towards photography.

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Emotional Response

When first viewing the photograph, we begin to grow an emotional attachment to the child located around the image. This is because it seems like their homes have been destroyed, leaving them with the remains of the homes to play with. The morbid photograph is interesting as the facial expressions on the children are not happy making us realise that something is not right, making us more emotionally attached to the image. Moreover, the children’s faces look soiled meaning that the setting is not hygienic and potentially very unsafe for them.

Technical Response

This photograph is presented in black and white, which allows the solied faces of the children to be clearly visible, it also allows the broken walls and dirty floor, to present the formal element of texture. The fact that the image is black and white also plays on the idea that the children have nothing, like we had nothing back in the day. The wall with a hole in it has been used as a frame, which is framing the background allowing the viewers eyes to clearly be guided around the photograph. The location of the children also helps to guide the eyes, as there are more kids in the foreground and less in the background, (creating a large proximity) making our eyes look at the front of the image and make there way towards the background. The formal elements of shape and space are also presented through this image, through the use of the children and the collapsed walls, trapping them. The whole frame of the photograph is in focus, however, the background is slightly less out of focus, which means there is a large depth of field. Moreover,  the aperture is likely to be around F11 – F8. The shutter speed used to capture this image is likely to be quick, as there is no intended blur. Additionally to the ISO is also likely to be low as there is no noise created by the light. The lighting used in this photograph is likely to be natural, as it has been taken outside, in what could be the children’s natural environment. This image consists of some negative space, which is found at the background of the frame, this creates a sense of that these children live with nothing and are trapped with nothing, which also helps to create an emotional attachment.

Contextual Responce

This image was taken in 1933, which was a couple of years before the Spanish civil war. The children are said to be playing in a ruins, a destruction from a previous war. 1933, was one of the worst years during the Great Depression, which was a time when the economy collapsed, which also helps to provide contact towards the photograph.

Conceptual Response

Now knowing the context, I believe the concept of this image was to show the effect of wars and the Great Depression for those in poverty, the use of children makes the image more hard hitting towards viewers. The hole in the wall is trying to show the children trying to break away from there reality. It also shows how it has effected the children, leaving them with only ruins to play in.

Photoshoot Plan

I will be capturing my street photography images in town, during the early afternoon, a time which can sometimes be busy. I will be walking around the streets, looking for interesting characters. The aim is to remain a discrete as possible, so the citizens are unaware of me capturing the images. The lighting will be natural and my camera settings will also be kept simple, however, I do want a quick shutter speed as it will allow me to capture many images.

Contact Sheets

Final Outcomes

Comparison

In technical terms I feel that my work and Bresson’s work is similar, we both presented our images in black and white, I attempted to have the formal elements of shape, texture and space in my images as those a key elements to Bresson’s photograph. Moreover, I tried to create a depth of field, where the people are mostly in focus, but still having the background in focus, but not as clear at the foreground. Bresson’s photograph is very different in conceptual terms as he is trying to show the effect of war to children in poverty. My photographs concept was to show the different kinds of people found in town during a busy period.

Street Photography photo shoot 2

This is my second shoot in relation to street photography

When out on the streets of new Zealand walking around through the center of Christchurch, The Vodafone building  had a space invaders game boy on the side of it. So from across the road you could control the screen to [lay the game. I thought this was a quite a good way of creating street photography because i had a clear focal point of my images while the environment was ever changing around it. With my camera for these images I switched between the landscape and portrait settings on the camera. I had my camera to a high shutter speed because of the ever changing urban landscape I was photographing. I has my white balance set to one of the automatic outdoor settings which created the perfect amount of contrast in my images.   

 

I chose to change to the other side of the road and capture images from behind creating  more of a story and understanding within my images.  This angle creates perspective within the images showing different view points. There are two main intentional view points for these images.  They are the two boys on the game controllers and the space invaders screen on the side of the building. The image creates a contrast with in because there is a dark and light side to the image creating a more visually interesting image. The main tonal color pallets for this image consist of a range of blues. The two boys stand out because they are on a lighter background making the viewer being drawn the them when when looking at the image.

 

You can see how modern day to day life is just passing by as the images are being taken from the visual interactions from the cars and a little girl entering the images wanting to have a go. These images are all about capturing what is naturally happening right that second, unplanned/ unstructured.



For the next images i chose to change vantage points to capture the interest of the children and what is happening with them.  To me these images turned out really well the colors are vibrant and there are no blurred images. There is a lot of vertical features within these images which create structural vantage points for the image. The buildings in the background give the image depth creating a clear flow through the image following the path of the road.



Again i moved positioning so that I could  capture the general public behind and there reactions to how the kids were doing in the games and the next lot of children waiting for there turn.

  

I chose to change angles so that i was behind the children can captured the Vodafone sign in the images. This gives the images context and gives the viewer more of an understanding as to why there are children playing giant space invaders near the side of the road. It also frames the picture crating a poster feel to the image or a advert for Vodafone. The contrast between the blue glass of the building and the red writing creates a focal point and main point of interest. 

   

I wanted to capture the close up of the children's faces I used the portrait mode on my camera with a wide zoom lens to create the close up intimate feel towards the photos. These images were taken standing about 50 m away from the kids. I feel like these images are  successful because you can see that they are clear and crisp the colors are bright and vibrant. I feel like the images create a real snap shot of what is actually going on and the children's real moods.  You can see that I have changed the zoom of the lens in the images to create different out comes and see how the zoom effects the initial image. Creating a more diverse set of images. 



   

Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson was a french photographer associated with the humanist movement. He was born in Seine Et Marne, France on August 22nd 1908. He was the oldest of 5 children and the son of a wealthy textiles manufacturer.

He started off taking photos on a Kodak Brownie camera while on holidays with his family. He then went on to experiment with a 3×4 Inch view camera.

in 1929, He met an american by the name of harry Crosby, who gifted Cartier with his first camera. The two lived together as Friends and frequently took photos of their home in le moulin de solei. in 1931, Crosby committed suicide.

Cartier then went on to live in Africa before returning to France where he purchased a Leica camera with a 50mm lens. He decided to take to street photography and painted all shiny parts of the camera black in order to remain anonymous.

Key Images

Here are some key images from Cartiers work

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Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare

 

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Hyeres, France, 1932

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Ireland-1952

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France 1972

Analysis

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I have chosen the “Behind the Gare Saint-Lazare due to its very intriguing nature. The photo has been taken after heavy rain and the rain is perfectly reflecting the running man and his surroundings, making it look like he is floating. The photo has been taken in natural lighting during the day .

The image is quite bright  due to the reflective puddle and the sky. The man pictured is most likely rushing for the train, hinted at by the blur.

Tableaux – Image Selection/ Editing

For my tableaux I decided to respond to the work of Paul M. Smith, and so I set up a tripod and used a remote for the camera in order to avoid any movement in the camera in order to allow the merging of the images to be done a lot more easily and convincingly. I decided to avoid my subjects overlapping in the images in order to prevent any unnatural lines around the edges of the subjects. I did allow the subjects to overlap in one area however in order to create a more convincing product. It was important that the lighting remained the same throughout the images which was difficult to do since I was using some natural lighting in parts of the image, in order to avoid issues further down the line, I took the images using natural light first and close together in time in order to prevent interference from cloudy weather.

I placed all of the photos taken into a single Photoshop file and separated them into layers, I then rubbed out everything expect for the subject and some of the background in order to allow for easier blending and interaction with shadows/ reflections. I used rather flat lighting for most of the image in order to allow for ease of hiding any color/ lighting mismatching. Any color differences were adjusted in Photoshop and then hidden using a feathered eraser. The image was slightly color corrected as I found areas such as the chairs to be over-saturated.

 

Henri Cartier-Bresson

BIOGRAPHY 

Henri Cartier-Bresson was a French photographer who’s photographs helped develop photojournalism as an art form. He was born August 22, 1908. As a pioneer in photojournalism he wandered around the world with his camera and became buried in his environments.  He was educated in Paris and he developed an early love of literature and the arts. He then went onto further education to Cambridge University to further himself in art and literature courses. He attended the army, then traveled to Africa to hunt but he eventually became board of this. But Africa brought on a different interest of photography. Bresson then moved back to Paris and continued his path down photography and he believed that all edits shout be done when the image is made. He used small cameras as they were easier to handle. Henri Cartier-Bresson is considered one of the major artists of the 20th century.

MOODBOARD

This moodboard is presenting images by Bresson with a mixture of emotions and moods through out it. They are also a handful of my favourite images by him as they speak loudly to the viewer and the way he has photographed the subject it vet interesting and it makes you think and wonder why he has done it like that.

IMAGE ANALYSIS

EMOTIONAL RESPONSE;

When I initially looked at this image I felt sadness because of the conditions the children where in. But I looked at it over and over again to understand the image and then there was a mixture of emotions, such as happiness because the children are smiling and are having fun with each other and are creating their own fun despite their surroundings. A sense of confusion to why they where in such rough conditions and what had happened there.

TECHNICAL;

He has used the natural lighting in this image to help him get the real effect, along with maybe using a wide lens (portrait lens) so he could get more of the background into the photo to create a deeper depth of field. The image looks slightly over exposed so he may have used a slower shutter speed to let more light into the image.

VISUAL;

There are scatters of children behind a wall that has a cut out in it. The children are together or in smaller groups playing along with each other all looking happy. There is rubble on the floor which suggests that their homes may have been destroyed through a natural disaster. The children are dressed in poor clothing. The child at the front of the image is injured which suggests conflict and pain within this environment.

CONCEPT;

I believe the reasoning behind this image is that Bresson wanted to show everyone what other parts of the world were like and to show how their is positive feelings still running through strong despite to pain they are going through.

BRESSON’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE MAGNUM

The magnum is an international photographic cooperative owned by photographers such as Bresson. It was set up to share human quality and the cursorily of what was happening around the world. Bresson’s relationship with the magnum was that he was the co-founder if it, his ideas and images with so many different stories behind them to be shown to the public eye to help them understand different situations around the world.

HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON & TONY RAY-JONES

Tony Ray-Jones

The emotional response I get from this photo is hopelessness because they are all crowed under small umbrellas and they’re sitting down sluggishly looking hopeless.  In this photo there are multiple people, there are 5 people in the front of the photo which are the main subjects of this image. Three of them are sat down huddling under one umbrella, to the left of the photo there is an older women standing with a plastic bag over her head along with her holding an umbrella over herself. It looks like they are near a beach due to the sand looking floor at the bottom of the photo. They have cups and glasses to the left of them as well. Jones was an English photographer and a husband of a princess. He wanted to capture the spirit and mentality of the English, their habits and their way of life. This image is showing what the English women do together and the weather of the image adds to the British feel of it.

Bresson and Jones take similar photos with similar meaning as they photograph people doing their everyday tasks. This photo is showing a group of people sat on a bank looking at the view. As Bresson traveled the world this could be showing a way another culture lives in the world and educating people.