Modernism

Time period: 20th century

Artists associated:

Social reform photography:

• Walker Evans
• Alfred Stieglitz

Dadaism:

• Francis Picabia
• Johannes Baader

Surrealism:

• Rene Magritte
• Salvatore Dali

Methods/ techniques/ processes:

• Photo montages integrated multi mediums which was a big technological advance
• some photographers such as Ansel Adams used methods such as photographing areas at different times and through different seasons, exploring changing patterns and light intensity
• Light sensitive paper was also used in abstract art, which light rays were directed onto
• Multiple exposure
• solarization, which was when tones were reversed in an image

Post-Modernism

Time period: 1960s/70s

Artists associated:

Corinne day: was a British female photographer was a post-modern photographer who had a profound influence in the subject matter of this type of photography. She, along with other photographers, helped new aspects of the social and private life of women to be brought out into the open.

Pictorialism

Time period : 1880s-1920s

Artists associated:

• John everett millais: Painted Ophelia, which is the sort of art this movement was inspired by
• Julia Margaret Cameron: one of the few recognised female photographers of this time

Many different pictorialsit groups formed in different areas as part of this movement:

• Austria: Vienna camera club
• London: The brotherhood of the linked ring
• New York: Photo-secession

Methods/ techniques/ processes:

This movement strived for photography to be artistic so different techniques were used in order to achieve different effects:

• Used to scratch and manipulate prints. This would make images appear more like pencil drawings or sketches.
• Vasaline was sometimes placed on the lens to blur images, as it doesn’t allow the lens to focus.

REALISM / STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY

Time period: 1920s

Artists associated:

• Walker Evans
• Alfred Stieglitz
• Paul strand
• Dorothea Lange

Methods/ techniques/ processes:

• Sharp focus
• wide depth of field
• environment portraiture

This image is by LaToya Ruby Frazier who is from Braddock. The image shows the back of an African-american woman who looks as if she is in a hospital bed attached to wires. Next to this image we can see a run down construction sight that looks fairly dangerous and unhealthy.

Contextual

LaToya describes her hometown as having “harmful and painful” effects on both her family and others growing up around her, which she has expressed visually. This is clearly implied in the image above as we can see a sick woman in a hospital bed, which the photographer places next to an image of construction which implies there’s a link between environment and health. The image on the right shows some sort of building that is being knocked down which may represent the harmful effects of industry in the area she grew up in. LaToya has spoken about the “terrible effects of the city’s steel industry”, which is visually shown through her choice of displaying both these specific images side by side.

Conceptual

The photographer has previously mentioned how the aim of her photography was to “amplify the voices of the marginalized who have many important stories to tell”. This means that the concept of her image may be trying to convey the injustices the black community in her area suffer. This is further confirmed as She also mentions that “Braddock is predominately African American with residents fighting for social and economic opportunity” which confirms this concept was something intentionally explored by LaToya. Placing an image of a figure of a black woman looking ill, and implying it was caused by her environment shows, what LaToya has branded, “environmental racism” shows the photographer has strong political views making politics a strong underlying concept relating to this image also.

For my second zine, I will be using manly the images I have taken of the occupation objects and people, and also some archive images. I think this will be very interesting as I have already shown the story of the occupation in my previous zine through the physical aspects in Jersey, but now I will be able to tell it in a more personal way, through the objects and portraits.

I want my zine to have a structure to it, or to have some sort of pattern to it. I first started of by using the initial images I had taken of the objects and placed them on every other double page spread since they were landscape images. I had to edit one other image in order to have enough.

Initial image vs. edited image

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Here you can see what my layout looked like after adding these initial images to my zine design:

I then added in 2 archive images which you can see below:

I decided I wanted to include these 2 archive images because they both show people during opposite stages of the occupation. The first archive image shows the silhouette of a soldier, which I placed at the beginning of my zine as I wanted to show the images in chronological order, and this picture shows a soldier standing in full combat uniform showing the intensity of the beginning of the war. My last archive image shows the end of the occupation, as you reach the end of the zine.

I also added the image below into my zine, instead of the image of the 3 objects together. I did this because I thought it would look best to have all my full bleed pages displaying an image with only 1 object in them as it makes the narrative flow better.

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You can also see that I added 2 different quotes onto the pages opposite my archive images as I thought this would help make them impact the viewers emotion more if there was some text to add context. The first quote I placed in the zine was from Joan Tapley who’s a Jersey occupation survivor. I chose this specific quote because it was very hard hitting, and I think it fit perfectly with the silhouette of the soldier as the quote was originally about how Joan’s father had acted in a slightly inhumane way towards an unknown soldier. My second quote was by from a speech given by Winston Churchill, “blood, sweat and toil”. I thought this quote was fitting to display next to an image of liberation day because those three very powerful words are almost a reflection of the 5 years of hardship faced by Jersey people.

Lastly, I thought about the front and back cover and the title of my zine. I decided on the title “objects of the occupation”. The word “objects” refers to both the physical objects, and also the people, since I also view the people as being objects of the occupation. I wanted this title to stand out by itself in order for the metaphorical meaning of it to be clearer and more easily absorbed by the audience.

Final Zine layout

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