Pictorialism:
Time period:
1880s – 1920s.
Key characteristics/conventions:
- Allegory.
- Naturalistic photography.
Artists associated:
- Peter Henry Emerson (1856-1936)
- Julia Margret Cameron (1815-1879)
- The Vienna Camera Club
- The Brotherhood of the Linked Ring (London)
- Photo-Secession (New York)
- Sally Mann (1951-)
Key works:
The Mountain Nymph Sweet Liberty, Julia Margaret Cameron. 
The Onion Field, George Davison. 
The Pond, Edward Steichen. 
Winter on Fifth Avenue, Alfred Stieglitz. 
Fading Away, Henry Robinson. 
The Ring Toss, Clarence H. White.
Methods/Techniques/Processes:
The main idea behind pictorialism was to make photography an art form and move away from using it solely to document scientific observations. To this photographers often tried to make their images look like paintings.
Realism/Straight Photography:
Time period:
1910-
Key characteristics/conventions:
Opposing reaction to pictorialism. Recording the real world.
Artists associated:
- Walker Evans
- Paul Strand
- Alfred Stieglitz
- Social Reform Photography
- Dorothea Lange
Key works:
Allie Mae Burroughs, Walker Evans. 
Bowls, Paul Strand. 
Dorathea Lange.