Review and Reflect – Post 1 (Overview)

Over the course of this project I have been looking at the Occupation and Liberation of Jersey, during WWII. I have researched what life was like during the occupation of the island, gathering information from sources both online and from interviewing people who were alive during the occupation for a true insight into what survivors of the occupation and liberation of Jersey really lived through. On top of this I have looked into what the island itself has gone through, undergoing a transformation from a peaceful island to a large German fortress, with the addition of fortified towers and bunkers, many of which are still around today.

One of the techniques I have used during this topic is portraiture. I worked with Hedley Hinault and Joyce De La Haye, both of them lived through the occupation of the island. I asked them questions about their childhoods and heard their stories about German soldiers and what the people in Jersey got up to and were able to do under German control. The process of interviewing and making conversation with my portraiture subjects, which I had never met before, was a new experience to me. It was challenging but after some talking and question asking from both myself and subjects the process became much smoother as we felt comfortable working together. Being able to first speak to my subjects also made the final outcome of my portraits different as I was able to get a more genuine picture that while being set up didn’t feel stiff or nervous. I worked with a three point light set up to allow detail on the subjects’ faces to become highlighted or shadowed. I worked with all 3 lights in slightly different positions at different points of the photoshoot so that I could explore my subjects and the effects the light had upon their complexions.

Another technique I have used during this topic is landscape photography and my ability to incorporate WWII fortification and bunker architecture. I would head out to different parts of Jersey’s coastline and photograph the remains of German built structures, many of which can be found along the north and south coasts of the island due to Jersey’s proximity to both England above it and France below it. I developed my landscape skills as well as making photo montages, which consist of cutting and sticking images, both with scissors and glue and using editing software. I also made a zine, a small magazine to display my compositions in a new and different way rather than just printing flat images to look at, I had now produced something physical which the viewer could hold and interact with.

Finally we worked with objects. Once again a studio setting allowed me to develop my camera skills using different lighting and objects set ups to produce clear, well lit, close up shots. This process allowed me to experiment with laying out and positioning inanimate objects, manipulating factors such as background colour and my proximity to the subject.

I was most inspired by my work with people and objects. I enjoyed being able to work with the subjects two very different ways; being able to speak to the subjects and interact with them to gain an understanding of the subjects personally as well as being able to communicate my ideas with them and receive feedback and a second opinion. Contrasting with the work I did using objects as subject matter. This process gave me full control over the subjects, allowing me to place it how I wanted, where I wanted for as long as I wanted. I enjoyed taking close up photos during my “Home-sweet-home” project and would like to incorporate this into portraiture for my “Occupation Vs. Liberation” project.

occupation zine final

These are some of the screenshots from my final zine.

After I have printed out my zine for the last page and for the page that features Joan, I am going to print onto tracing paper a quote from the day of liberation in 1945, I am also going to write a quote that features something Joan had said to us on the day we photographed her.

My narrative throughout my zine is pretty simple, I have included pictures of objects I also photographed which link to liberation and occupation as these are objects from that time. I have include couple pictures of guns and ammunition I took at the Jersey War tunnels as it also links in to the theme of occupation. Some images I have used as a double page spread

Contextual Studies: Conversations on photography.

“There is a lot of casual chat about it, just as there is a lot of casual photography”

3 quotes taken from interview with Rut Blees Luxemburg:

“It’ another kind of street photography. Or maybe “street” isn’t even important. “Public” photography is better.”

I agree with this quote because street photography can be done by anybody, therefore it should be called public. It also signifies that people can sometimes judge what can happen in the image if we called it street photography, but if we do it in public, people would be more aware of what is happening.

“It’s a fascination with the possibilities of the large format camera and the long exposure which allows me to let chance enter the work.”

“I edit before I shoot, which means I take a very deliberate number of photographs.”

I believe that this is true because you make sure that you have everything you need before doing the photo shoot, but also as photographers we edit the setting of the camera before we take an image therefore we dont have to do it after.

Image analysis:

Image result for rut blees luxemburg photography
Rut Blees Luxemburg

Visual:

In the image you can see a set of steps going in to a river – you can also see the water edge. The light is hitting the stairs on the centre but the main light focus is on the right side of the image. In the image there is a few details that you can focus on, you can see the brick outline on the wall,

Technical:

The image has been taken in an abstract form only focusing on the steps and the water, you can notice as well that the light is mainly on the right side of the image

Contextual/Conceptual:

Rut Blees mostly photographed at night and focused on urban surrounding. The image is called In Deeper, and this was taken by the river Thames. The Footprints in the mud on the steps signify the absent of human presence.

Irving Penn

ABOUT:

Irving Penn was born on the 16th July 1917 and died on the 7th October 2009 and was an American photographer and was best known for his fashion photography, portraits and still life. Penn was well known and worked with a wide variety of famous companies for example Vogue Magazine and went on to take a more independent approach to advertising approach for specific clients like Issey Miyake and Clinique. Penn’s work has been exhibited all around the work including international sites and continues to inform the art of photography as well as still being a dramatic influential character and photographer.

  Wide Skull (A) , New York, 1993 Gelatin silver print © The Irving Penn Foundation

TECHNICAL: From just looking at the image it is evident the lighting being produced in artificial and most likely took place in a photography studio using a jet black background to help contrast with the white skull which helps make the definitions of the skull stand out. Overall there is a good exposure level supported by the manipulation of the editing done of the skull, the images shows no signs of reflection however due to the brightness of the skull illuminating against the jet black background it is possible that flash was used to help aid this point even more and create an even stronger contrast. The focal point of the image is clearly the front face of the skull and in great focus with no blurred aspects which further provides evidence the camera lens type and size. The image also has low sensitivity due through the lack of grain seen in the image with fine and specific textures of the skull adding more realistic view for the audience. The image only presents a black and white image so therefore is slightly harder to determine the temperature of the image however due to the contextual factors (the image being a skull) to me it presents a more colder temperature to the images also supported by the conceptual evidence.

VISUAL: From the photograph we can clearly see that there are only black and white colours used which adds a more dramatic feel, due to the jet black background which extensively contrasts with the fresh white skull, this visual aspects supports the point that the main focal point is the skull. Additionally, the overall tone presented is a light tone due the the bright white skull standing out and can be seen through the formation of the skulls- one facing forward, one facing to the side and one facing down all transformed to merge all together, this point also brings up the idea of symmetry which is some way can be seen but not crystal clear however showing a 3D representation of the skull.

CONCEPTUAL: Overall the image does not give much of a story which i believe helps make the audience really think deeper about the true meaning about the photograph and why it has been edited in that certain way. To me, after analysing the visual and technique points of the image i believe the image could be seen as a reflection on human life or even the idea of the beauty of the human body with the brain being the most essential part of the body to be able to function the rest of the body. so therefore the presentation of the image, the illuminated white skull being contrasted against the jet black background showing the main significance and main focal point of the image therefore making the view concentrate on the skull itself and look deeper into the distortions of the skull.

PICTORIALISM VS REALISM/STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY

Pictorialism

Key characteristics/ conventions:
  • In 1839 photography first created in order to objectively present subjects scientifically.
  • Fixing images onto objects, highly scientific, not heavily considered as an art until pictorialism was presented. 
  • Photography was considered too easy to be considered a form of art.
  • They wanted to make photographs look like paintings and drawings to penetrate the art world, which juxtaposes original purpose for photographs.
    • Experimenting with chemicals in the dark room, and placing Vaseline on the lens.
  • Highly romantacised landscapes 
  • Allegorical painting influenced pictorialism
    • Looks at story/parable of figures in a landscape informing us of ways to live out lives – acts as a teaching for viewers. (similar subject matter)
  • Male photographer emphasised erotic aspects of images, female subjects.
  • Began staging scenes which influenced Tableuax
Associated Artists:
  • Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879)
    • Used family as subject matter in their natural environment. 
    • Imagery is dream like, symbolic, wings, long hair etc.
  • Peter Henry Emerson (1898)
    • ‘Naturalistic Photography’
  • The Vienna Camera Club (Austrian Group)
    • Hugo Henneberg
    • Heinrich Kuhn
    • Hans Watcek

Realism

Time period:
  • Emerged in 1840, and was created to showcase photography did have to be like a drawing or painting.

Key characteristics/ conventions:
  • Creating photographs which retaliate with pictorialism, and shows real life. 
  • Creating detailed, shape, images
  • Capturing the world we live in, bringing up issues within society during that time period.
  • Social Reform – Thought their images could impact and change the lives of the subject.
    • This influenced the movement of photo journalism and documentary photography
Artists associated:
  • Walker Evans (1903-1975)
    • Captures the lives of family who travelled from farm to farm due to forced labour.
      • During the Great Depression
    • Documentary of the family – first photo-book which showcases a narrative
  • Paul Strand

Contextual studies; Conversations about photography

Notes on Jeff Wall

  • ‘Certain things probably attract me more than others, as well. and I don’t want to get very much control over that, either.’ – I agree portraiture and objects attract me more than landscapes.
  • ‘So I’m looking for ways, ways of showing, ways of creating an appearance of something, whether it is a scene of tension or of something else. Also, I don’t feel that there is any preferable kind of subject, especially since subjects usually come up by accident’. Some of my best photography especially portraiture has been created accidentally.
Image result for jeff wall photography transparency in a lightbox
Picture for Women

Technical

The lighting is artificial you can see the light bulbs on the ceiling. What’s interesting is that the subject, the woman is being illuminated however the photographer in the image is in the dark which is maybe symbolic of the photographer’s job always in the shadows behind the camera.

Visual

The image uses the rule of thirds, the image is divided into three parts one with the photographer, one with the woman and one with the camera. This is framed by the pole stands dividing the room.

Contextual

The work picture for women was produced in 1979. It was produced in response to Edouward Manet’s realism painting Un bar aux Folies Bergere. (below)

Wall’s image, therefore, references popular culture at the time in the way that critics were at the time arguing over the impossibilities of the painting. The image is seen contextual as one of the first moves from an art form from the printed page to the gallery.

Conceptually

The image is technically a tablet photo in the way that Wall was almost reenacting the painting. He’s used the lighting to create the same spatial depth as in the painting. The whole image is meant to represent the mirror of the bar where his ‘barmaid’ has the same absorbed look as the barmaid in the painting and is being observed by a dark figure. Through the male gaze, there is a power relationship between the onlooker, female and male and the onlooker that has been recreated from the painting.

NEWSPAPER SPREAD

This was the 2 spreads I made for the objects although only one of the actual page spreads will be used. I also made one for people as we had completed a project called “Home Sweet Home” which included taking candid portraits. Then finally the one above that was part of our bunker project which is what we completed towards the beginning of the A2 course. I chose to make 2 of the page spreads as I thought the image with the guns and the bullets was quite strong and wanted to have it full page instead of having the negative space around it like the ones below it.

From the 3 spreads that are labelled under people, objects and bunkers one image we took will be selected and then published inside the JEP

modernism vs. post-modernism

Modernism

Time period: 20th century

Key characteristics/ conventions :

The basic concept of modernism is the rejection of older movements such as classicism in favor of a more modern ideal. This was done through many different styles of photograph, namely: Abstract, dadaism, surrealism and also social reform photography which evenually lead to photojournalism.

Modernism is characterized by the belief that truth could be established through the use of new concepts such as science and technology, which become very apparent in the examples shown in the mood board. This movement recognized that the world was changing and that art had to reflect new ideas and challenges that came with modern life.

Artists associated:

Social reform photography:

  • Walker Evans
  • Alfred Stieglitz

Dadaism:

  • Francis Picabia
  • Johannes Baader

Surrealism:

  • Rene Magritte
  • Salvatore Dali

Methods/ techniques/ processes:

  • Photo montages integrated multi mediums which was a big technological advance
  • some photographers such as Ansel Adams used methods such as photographing areas at different times and through different seasons, exploring changing patterns and light intensity
  • Light sensitive paper was also used in abstract art, which light rays were directed onto
  • Multiple exposure
  • solarization, which was when tones were reversed in an image

Post-Modernism

Time period: 1960s/70s

Key characteristics/ conventions :

Post-modernism was a movement in which the concept of modernism discussed above was shattered. Most art under this theme refers to things outside of the art world like social and cultural issues, meaning that it recognizes the value of context in images.

Postmodernists are and were known for skepticism and they also realized that work could be subjective. Postmodernists takes things such as text and insist it is assessed critically in order to help understand meaning.

Unlike modernists, postmodernists don’t value art for being universal. Instead they pride themselves on their work being imperfect and temporary.

Artists associated:

Corinne day: was a British female photographer was a post-modern photographer who had a profound influence in the subject matter of this type of photography. She, along with other photographers, helped new aspects of the social and private life of women to be brought out into the open.

pictorialism vs. realism

Pictorialism

Time period : 1880s-1920s

Key characteristics/ conventions :

Pictorialism is a style of photography where photographer attempted to make photography a more conventional form of art, since it was not seen as creative during the era it was first created in. This included using models in specific clothing and created outcomes that were unfocused in order to make my creative outputs that resembles drawings and paintings. Pictorialism is heavily revolved around female nudity, as during this time photography as a profession was very elitist, meaning it was mostly dominate by men, which used the female form, sexualizing the female body.

Artists associated:

  • John everett millais: Painted Ophelia, which is the sort of art this movement was inspired by
  • Julia Margaret Cameron: one of the few recognised female photographers of this time

Many different pictorialsit groups formed in different areas as part of this movement:

  • Austria: Vienna camera club
  • London: The brotherhood of the linked ring
  • New York: Photo-secession


Methods/ techniques/ processes:

This movement strived for photography to be artistic so different techniques were used in order to achieve different effects:

  • Used to scratch and manipulate prints. This would make images appear more like pencil drawings or sketches.
  • Vasaline was sometimes placed on the lens to blur images, as it doesn’t allow the lens to focus.

REALISM / STRAIGHT PHOTOGRAPHY

Time period: 1920s

Key characteristics/ conventions :

Realism is a style of photography that is purely documentary style. It revolves around recording things accurately and not in a metaphorical or artistic manor. It focuses on real people, and real life situations instead of being staged artistically. Photographers who were part of this movement aimed to take images that were clear and precise, so they disregarded techniques such as soft focus and replaced it with sharp images with a wide depth of field.

lots of sub-groups were formed. Social reform photography used real, working class people as its subject. Photographers such as Dorothea Langue focused on documenting the effects of urbanization and industrialization on working class Americans. This was something very prominent at the time of this movement, as the great depression in 1929 left a lot of people struggling. We now see this type of photography as Photojournalism.

Artists associated:

  • Walker Evans
  • Alfred Stieglitz
  • Paul strand
  • Dorothea Lange


Methods/ techniques/ processes:

  • Sharp focus
  • wide depth of field
  • environment portraiture