The Decisive Moment:

In 1952 Henri Cartier-Bresson, a founder of modern photojournalism, proposed one of the most fascinating and highly debated concepts in the history of photography: “the decisive moment.” This moment occurs when the visual and psychological elements of people in a real life scene spontaneously and briefly come together in perfect resonance to express the essence of that situation. Some people believe that the unique purpose of photography, as compared to other visual arts, is to capture this fleeting, quintessential, and holistic instant in the flow of life.

This website was established by Henri Cartier-Bresson, his wife Martine Franck, and their daughter Mélanie, the Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation opened its doors in May 2003.  It now preserves Henri Cartier-Bresson and Martine Franck’s archives:

http://www.henricartierbresson.org/en/hcb/

Street photography is a type of photography that features subjects in candid situations within public places. The photographs are mirror images of society, displaying ‘unmanipulated’ scenes, with usually unaware subjects.
 Street photography can focus on people and their behavior in public, thereby also recording people’s history, but does not necessitate the presence of a street or even the urban environment.

Street photography and documentary photography are two very similar genres of photography that often overlap while also having individual qualities. Street photography has the ability to document, while documentary has the definite intention of recording history. Documentary photography can be candid, whereas street photography is defines by its candidness. Photojournalists aim of capturing newsworthy events; any of these photographers’ images may capture people and property visible within or from public places.

Arnold Newman is generally acknowledged as the pioneer of the environmental portrait, he is also known for his still life and abstract photography, and he is considered as one of the most influential photographers of the 20th Century.

Newman found his vision in the empathy he felt for artists and their work. Although he photographed many personalities, he maintained that even if the subject is not known, or is already forgotten, the photograph itself must still excite and interest the viewer.

Newman normally captured his subjects in their most familiar surroundings with representative visual elements showing their professions and personalities

“I didn’t just want to make a photograph with some things in the background, the surroundings had to add to the composition and the understanding of the person. No matter who the subject was, it had to be an interesting photograph. Just to simply do a portrait of a famous person doesn’t mean a thing.”

Newman’s best-known images were in black and white, although he often photographed in color. This image was photographed in 1946 and is a black and white portrait of Igor Stravinsky seated at a grand piano which became his signature image, even though it was rejected by Harper’s Bazaar, the magazine that gave the assignment to Newman.

Perhaps his most celebrated image is a 1946 portrait of the composer Igor Stravinsky. Stravinsky, his expression deeply serious, is confined to the bottom left corner of the picture, cropped to his head and shoulders, an elbow resting on the piano, his hand supporting his head. The rest of the photograph is taken up by the raised lid of a large grand piano, strategically silhouetted against a blank wall, which is divided off-center into a gray and white rectangle. The lid forms the reversed shape of a leaning, abstract musical note.

He was one of the few photographers allowed to make a portrait of the famously camera-shy Henri Cartier-Bresson.

One of the most famous was this sinister picture of the German industrialist Alfried Krupp, taken for Newsweek in 1963. Krupp is smirking, his fingers clasped as he confronts the viewer against the background of a assembly line in the Ruhr. In the color version his face has a greenish cast. The impression it leaves was no accident: Newman knew that Krupp had used slave labor in his factories during the Nazi reign and that he had been imprisoned after World War II for his central role in Hitler’s war machine.

He documents people and places that exist on the edges of society, sometimes physically, mentally or both: excluded by choice or by circumstances. ” I am interested in control and conformity and I strive to represent both of these opposing forces within a photograph. I feel a need to document my generation and question our deeply rooted ideas of democracy, security and progress.”

“I attempt to create a mood and atmosphere, a sort of hyper-reality that contains both a sense of mystery and sadness, hope and beauty.”

His strong work “Africa Street Photography”  photographed in Dakar and Dindefelo, Senegal, is a cinematic art documentary playing with flash and natural light. After this experience he states, “it is sometimes hard to convince people that your are taking these pictures because of your love for people and places with, what I define as, true character.” This is a truly artistic photography with dramatic aspects of life and surroundings.

This is a link to his website:

https://anthonykurtz.com/

https://anthonykurtz.com/pdf

An environmental portrait is a portrait taken of a person or people in a situation that they live in and a place that says something about who they are e.g. workplace, home. They are different from traditional portraits shot in a studio as they give an insight into the daily life of the person being photographed, making for a more personal image.

By photographing a person in their natural surroundings, it is thought that you will be able to better illuminate their character, and therefore portray the essence of their personality, rather than merely a likeness of their physical features

The subject will be more at ease, and so be more conducive to expressing themselves, as opposed to in a studio, which can be a rather intimidating and artificial experience

Here is a website which helps you achieve better environmental portraits:

https://petapixel.com/2016/04/07/8-tips-making-better-environmental-portraits-natural-light/