Studio lighting is used because the light can be easily manipulated and controlled to produce the desired image for a photographer.

Studio lighting can be continuous or flash. Continuous lighting is when there is always a source of light, like a base fro lighting. Flash lighting is a burst of light that helps to eliminate unwanted shadows.
Combinations of light can be used - flash and continuous and 1 2 and 3 point lighting.

1 2 and 3 point lighting is used to illuminate different parts of the subject that add other dimensions and moods to the photographs, but also to keep the photographs well lit. 

Fill lighting lights up the areas where there is shadow; fills the shadows formed by other lights with light.
Spill light is the light that falls where it is not intended to fall and creates shadows hence why fill lighting is used to prevent this.

Chiaroscuro is the use of contrasted light and shadow. It was developed during the Renaissance in portraiture - artists used light to illuminate objects and faces, particularly one side of the face which gave a dramatic effect and added another dimension to the painting. 

Photographers use this technique to highlight what they want to be seen. Strong tonal contrasts can be use to create dramatic effects in photographs and in films. It can also be used to hide a part of someone or someones identity; having the direction of light from behind so only a silhouette can be seen.


I used 1 point lighting to achieve an extreme version of chiaroscuro so only some of the face is illuminated. The contrast of shadow that takes over the rest of the photograph helps to exaggerate this.

Rankin is a fashion and portrait photographer, mainly using celebrities in his portraits. Each of his celebrity portraits reflect the person with the make-up facial expression and any props used.

Rankin is mostly known for his fashion portraits. In this one he has used black and white make-up and clothes. The well-lit lighting used helps to exaggerate the contrast between the shades.

During the studio photo shoot we played with lighting and created portraits with the same concept of light and dark using light - creating the effect of Chiaroscuro. 

Henri Cartier-Bresson - was a French humanist photographer considered a master of candid photography. He pioneered street photography and viewed photography as capturing a decisive moment.



Technical - In order to capture a candid photograph of these women, Bresson would have taken this photo quickly to capture their natural expressions to create an authentic photograph. To keep the the photograph in focus, a fast shutter speed would have been used because Bresson would have had to move fast. Nothing in the photograph indicates any artificial lighting from flash - taken in daylight.
Visual - Rather than a shallow focus to create depth, the three subjects create depth in the photograph with the middle subject closest to the camera and the other two subjects further away, in a deep focus.
Contextual - The photograph was taken in 1933, Alicante Spain. Three tough looking sexually ambiguous people stared at the camera as Bresson took the shot. Different aspects indicate different things. The middle subject may be a man or a woman. The short hair seems masculine yet it is styled to be crimped which suggests otherwise. Their body shape could be either that of a woman or a man and their make-up is done - which is traditionally referred to as a stereotypical female product.
Conceptual - The background of the photograph and the clothes of the subjects suggests the photograph was taken in an area of poverty or of less privilege. The three subjects have been interpreted as prostitutes by others which fits in with other photographs Bresson took at this time. 

Street photography - street photography are photos that usually contain random incidents in public spaces with the focus normally on people and their behavior - sometimes people may not be present, yet photos can be taken of environments where human activity is evident and can be recorded. 
The photographs don't have to be on the street or in an urban environment, they can be anywhere for example Martin Parr has taken shots on the beach that still come under this category because of the nature of the photos. https://www.martinparr.com/recent-work/
Street photography is almost always candid yet candid photography isn't always street photography.
A candid photograph is when the subject does not pose for the camera.

Best edits - 

'My room is like entering my mind' - jyothi. I thought this was the perfect place for her portrait. I didn't want her room to be tidy either as it shows a stereotypical teenage room and I don't believe a photo should be made to look perfect, as a camera should record real life.

I chose this space for Rutter as it is where she spends her time every day at school. I thought the background of student artwork clearly makes reference to her profession, especially as Rutter chose to display these pieces.

Arnold Newman - was known best for his environmental portraits of artists and politicians. He was also known for his carefully composed abstract still life. Newman was is credited for being the first photographer to use environmental portraits.

Contextual - Gypsy Rose Lee's environmental portrait captures and reflects her personality and work. The pose she is in could be viewed as provocative which reflects Gypsy's profession as a burlesque dancer. Gypsy was credited as an artist for turning striptease into 'seven minutes of sheer art'.

Technical - The fact that this photograph is in black and white indicates that is may have been an earlier photograph of Newman's work. The photograph has a wide range of tones which makes it more intimate especially with the use of a lamp in the frame which gives a completely different ambiance compared to if it wasn't there. The shadows in the portrait show that there was another source of light which would have been softened to keep an intimate effect - the lamp was only used as a prop to help represent Gypsy.

Visual - Gypsy lies on a chaise lounge which purposely captivates the viewer - even though Gypsy is fully clothed in a long dress she still teases the viewer because of her pose. The lamp adds to the photograph as it adds ambiance which creates a different mood - making it more intimate. As an artist, Gypsy is surrounded by art which keeps the focus on Gypsy as an artist which balances the mood of the photograph.

Conceptual - Even though Gypsy was an ecdysiast the photograph has been carefully constructed to present her as an artist with elements that suggest her profession but don't take over the photograph. This photograph is the most complicated in the way of which the viewer has to deconstruct the image. 

An environmental portrait is a photograph in which the subject is photographed in their environment which highlights who the subject is as a person - where they live, where they work or their biggest interest. The mise-en-scene reflects them and defines them as a person. Each of these photographs clearly reflect who the subjects are even in the most minimal scenes.

http://www.aaronleefineman.com/portfolio/01.html