VARIATION AND SIMILARITY

  • To start off this project I first want to expand on the ideas given to myself through the introductory exam spectrum, and additionally doing research into the meaning behind the words themselves, in order to achieve the most accurate representation of the topic I will be looking into.
  • variation  – is a change or slight difference in condition, amount, or level, typically within certain limits. ” regional variations in house prices” this could be further divided into the consideration for words such as: difference,  dissimilaritydisparityinequalitycontrastdisc-repayimbalancedissimilitudedifferentialdistinction. 
  • This portrayal of variation being something which many people have yet only a small occurrence of changes. To my mind, this is quite interesting as not only does variation symbolise change, but, it also must first have the premiss of belonging to a similar group.  Variation is also of great importance, as it has many different meanings dependent on the subject matter, such as; in science it is a difference between individuals, However in music it’s a formal technique repeated.The second way of consideration is: a different or distinct form or version of something., “hurling is an Irish variation of hockey” : variantformalternative, alternative form, other form, different form, derive, form, developmentadaptationalterationmodification, revision, revised version. This portrayal of difference and similarity of something that already exists could come under researching into different disorders which people have, and how this affects their personality traits. looking into the development of how people change and act dependent on their environment and the success or downfall of their upbringing. These small experiences and traits which have such a large control upon how people vary and change from each other.
  • Variation is considered to fall under the categories of human, species, biology, and evolution.The definition of similarity is: the state or fact of being similar, a similar feature or aspect.”the similarities between people of different nationalities” resemblance, likenesssameness, similar nature, similitudecomparabilitycorrespondencecomparisonanalogyparallelparallelismequivalence; “the similarity of symptoms makes them hard to diagnose”
  • Despite the clear oppositional differences between similarity variation, they are both depicted in the same manner. This being they both are established by the same defying  factors of humans, DNA and language. This means that both are deemed to be very scientific. However this does not mean to have this project has to remain scientific, if anything, it lends to be  more interesting to see the development of how these factors have the capabilities to change and evolve throughout the process.
Below are some artistic inspiration of possible effects which are artistic and I could too link to variation and similarity. 

like Matthew Brandtused by Sally Mann via Edwynn Houk Gallery: The artistic above are listed here, and I have also included some links of inspiration for my

project. http://www.houkgallery.com/news

ESA // Everyday Assignment

Record an activity or routine that you do/ repeat on a daily basis, e.g. brushing teeth, putting on clothes, applying make-up, comb your hair, eating, feeding your dog, walk to school/work, sleeping, scree time on social media, talking, selfies.

For this assignment, I decided to record be logging into my laptop and onto the photography blog, because it is something that I do every day when I am at school or I am at home.

Lewis Bush

Lewis Bush (born 1988 in London) is a British photographer, writer, curator and educator.  Bush studied history at the University of Warwick and gained a master’s degree in documentary photography from London College of Communication, where he lectures on photojournalism and documentary photography.  In his work bush seeks to draw attention to forms of invisible power that operate in the world – such as finance.  Bush has the standpoint that ‘power is always problematic because it’s natural resting state is arbitrary and untransparent’.  Bush’s projects tend to incorporate writing and he has written about photography for a range of national and international print and web titles.

In Bush’s ‘The Memory of History‘ from 2012, he travels through a range of European countries to document the way in which the past was being politically manipulated in the context of the economic crisis and recession.

Bush is a photographer in residence at the Societe Jersiaise in Jersey where he is working on his project ‘Trading Zones‘ in  which he looks at the international finance industry.  It looks at the global economic crisis that began ten years ago and the resulting financial sector. Finance has been very unrepresented in documentaries due to its complexity and stature meaning that there is plenty of potential for investigation for documentary photographers such as Bush.  The project ‘Trading Zones’ is a result of six months spent as the 2018 Archisle photographer in residence at the Societe Jersiaise in Jersey, which is currently undergoing huge renovations in the financial sector.  Bush says he has used this time to “establish the foundations of what I anticipate will be a long term photographic inquiry into the financial services industry” as the project comes under documentary photography so this project will be ongoing over a long period of time.

Bush’s work on ‘Trading Zones’ interest me as he had a section in the gallery in which he showcased cards showing what the public though of finance.  This idea drew inspiration from a project by EJ Major, who sent out cards asking ‘what love is’, expecting people to respond in whichever way they felt appropriate.  I could possibly respond to this idea as I have considered exploring the variety in people’s handwriting – everyone has their own unique style of writing and especially ways of drawing specific characters.  I believe that by asking multiple people to write down what ‘Variance and Similarity’ means to them I will be left with a collection of cards covered with unique handwriting styles and so will be able to show how characteristics as small as handwriting can show the differences in people’s personality traits.

The main project by Bush that interests me is ‘Metropole’ in which he used a technique of double exposure.   The project looks at the collapse of the British Empire and how in its place globalised capitalism grew as London has been rebranded as “a city of demolition, cranes, and glittering new high rises”.  ‘Metropole’ aims to record the effect of this on London through the form of documentary photography.  This appeals to me and links to the theme ‘Variance and Similarity’ because it explores the fact that there are an increasing amount of large buildings for offices or flats taking away from green land and so the landscape in which we live is turning into a repetitive view of similar flats and offices leaving citizens with a feeling of monotony as everything is being redeveloped to serve the same purpose.  Bush’s work on ‘Metropole’ shows a lot of emphasis on the repetition between buildings due to his double exposure effect.  I intend to respond to this work by capturing blocks of flats or offices, both in day and at night and then altering the photographs in photoshop to replicate the buildings and create a pattern of repetition throughout the edits.  These edits will show how buildings can look different individually but a lot of them can be very boring and repetitive.

Analysis

In this photograph it appears that lighting from within the inside of the building was used in what is possible night photograph. The use of this light is used to Bush’s advantage advantage as he uses double exposures to layer building over building creating a disorientating viewing along with contrast between the over-exposed lights and the dark shadows within the building. There is a wide tonal range within the photograph thanks to the range of shadows and lights within the photograph – this wide tonal range makes the photograph interesting in whichever segment the viewer looks as it creates intricate shapes and shadows throughout.  The lights and shapes are very intense as the viewer has to try piece the photograph together in order to understand it. It is unclear whether a short or deep depth of field will have been used in this photograph due to the disorientating nature of it – this adds to the mysterious elements of the photograph. A fairly slow shutter speed will have been used along with a low ISO in order for enough of the light to enter the lens from the dark environment whilst keeping the quality of the photograph as high as possible.

There is no colour in this photograph – only black and white along with the shades in between. This black and white approach to the photograph is very effective as it allows you to focus on the structure of the photograph and the buildings rather than being distracted by colours. The black and white effect also adds to the disorientating effect of the double exposure technique. Another addition that the black and white effect brings to the photograph is more contrast between the tones – especially between the bright white lights and the black shadows. The bright lights may be representative of a light at the end of the tunnel due to their glow in comparison to their environment. The photograph seems to have the texture of a graphite drawing which creates a really interesting viewing as what the viewer is seeing seems almost surreal. There is quite a 3D effect to the photograph due to the blending of photographs in order to create platforms coming out towards the viewer from the building. This 3D effect is complimented by the wide range of tones within the photograph. There are two points in the photograph to which the eye is initially drawn – these are the bright heaven-like lights and the platforms extending from the buildings – this is due to the lights contrasting in tone to the rest of the photograph and the platforms providing different shapes to the rest of the image. The platforms are also placed along the higher horizontal line of the rule of thirds meaning they add aesthetic to the photograph.

This photograph was taken from Bush’s project titled ‘Metropole‘.  This project looked at the collapse of the British Empire and how in its place globalised capitalism grew. London has been rebranded from “an investment opportunity” to “a city of demolition, cranes, and glittering new high rises”.  ‘Metropole’ aims to record the effect of this on London through the form of documentary photography. The project is titled ‘Metropole’ as London was once known as the Metropole meaning it was the mother city at the centre of a vast empire. These photographs were produced “during numerous winter night walks through the city”.

On Bush’s website he says that he used double exposure to create “increasingly disorientating and threatening as the series progresses” in order to create the “sense of loss that many Londoners feel” in the big city. This theme of a feeling of loss within the city emphasises how cities such as London have changed with the arrival of these repetitive blocks of flats – possibly for the worse. Bush continues this theme in his work on ‘Trading Zones’ in which he studies the Jersey financial sector. I think that through this exploration of disorientation and change Bush is trying to show that people often feel that the world is moving too fast for its own good as people get lost in temporary trends and patterns of life, ultimately resulting in repetition.

Huang Qingjun

 Huang Qingjun is a Chinese photographer who has photographed families posing with their possessions amid China’s dash to become rich.  He has spent nearly a decade travelling to remote parts of China to persuade people who have never been photographed to carry outside all their household possessions and pose for him.  The results of this product are glimpses of the different lives and belongings of different families within China.  The pictures have not been widely seen outside of China although some have been shown at exhibitions in Paris and New York.

 Huang was inspired as a teenager by an uncle when the typical hobbies for the Chinese youth were calligraphy and singing.  The idea for the series about people’s material good, called ‘Jiadang’ (family stuff). first came in 2003 with some photographs that he took for the magazine Chinese National Geography but the project didn’t start properly until three years later, when Huang started travelling around China looking for suitable people.  Huang says that “Most people thought what I was proposing was not normal” but most people understood the point at the end of it.  Most of the people in these poor, remote areas did not have many possessions making the project both simpler and more interesting.  Some of the projects took a couple of days whereas others took several months.  Next year marks the 10th anniversary of the first photograph, and Huang plans to mark it by returning to the places he visited to see how they have changed.  Huang also hopes to broaden the project’s range upon revisiting it by including people from a wider range of backgrounds, such as government officials.

Through this project Huang visited 14 of China’s 33 provinces, which gave him a broad perspective of how the country is changing in different areas.  He is optimistic about the future of China, he says “In lots of Chinese villages, the government has delivered roads and connected them with electricity. This has been a huge change” but the biggest problems in rural areas now are how people can get better education for their children and healthcare.

I plan on responding to Qingjun’s work ‘Family Stuff’ by looking into the different items that people will regularly carry around on them, such as what they carry in their school bag or by looking at the variance between individual items that people carry on them such as their car keys or clothing.  I chose to study Huang Qingjun in relation to ‘Variation and Similarity’ as through Qingjun’s work he shows how much the belongings from family to family can vary greatly due to factors such as personal taste and wealth.  I will also be thinking about these factors when exploring a response to his work as these factors can easily be read just through someone’s belongings.  Personality can also be seen through someone’s belongings – some people may be minimalists and keep everything clean in their school bag so will carry round the minimum whereas other may have food wrappers and unnecessarily items in their school bag showing that they are less organised.  Ultimately the idea behind this is to show the unlimited variety of combinations of different belongings that people can own.

Analysis

In this photograph the natural lighting of rural China has been used, the natural lighting highlights how polluted the air in the country is as well as the neutral colours that run throughout it.  There is not much contrast in this photograph, partly because it is a documentary photograph in a tableaux style so does not attempt to create a dramatic composition.  A deep depth of field was used for this photograph as the whole of the photograph is in focus which allows for all the details of the couples’ possessions to be seen as well as a glimpse of the city in the background.  A shutter speed of 1/60-1/120 will have been used to capture this photograph along with a low ISO in order to allow enough light to enter the lens to create a correctly exposed photograph.  The colours within this photograph are quite cold and grey which creates a downtrodden view of the area.

There is not much colour in the photograph – it is all greys and browns except for a few of the possessions.  This lack of colour represents the lack of freedom for individuals to express themselves in this part of the world and shows how oppressed the world can be.  There is not a wine tonal range in this photograph due to its documentary/tableaux style and lack of contrast – this further adds to the feeling of oppression.  The foreground and background can clearly be made out in this photograph but there is no 3D effect as the different parts of the photograph seem the merge together as one to tell a story.  There are lots of horizontal lines within this photograph which can represent the walls and division of society within China.

This photograph was part of Huang’s ‘Jiadang’ project in which he travelled to 14 of China’s 33 provinces to photograph and give glimpses of the lives of the ordinary Chinese who are not as exposed to modernisation as the rest of China.  Huang waited for the couple in this photograph to move house in order to set up this photograph.  The couples’ house had been slated for demolition to make way for tower blocks and offices along with millions of other homes.  The wall behind them is marked with the Chinese character ‘chai’, meaning “tear down”.

Through this photograph I believe that Huang is trying to show the range of exposure to modernisation across the different Chinese provinces due to the rapid modernisation of the big cities.  At first the subjects within the photographs of the project do not appear to be swept up by the modernisation happening in the cities, but on a closer look the photographs also show the enormous social change that has come with generations, such as the photo of an elderly couple sat with a satellite dish.  The set of photographs show how much people’s lives have changed throughout the different provinces.

Visual inspirations – Research

Photos

Karl Blossfeldt 

Image result for typologies photography

Karl Blossfeldt Created a series of images which were close ups of plants against a plan background. The images were created to use as resources for his students to help them understand how to shade and the important of shading when drawing. The book was revived  very well and is considered one of the most successful photo books of the 20th century.Image result for karl blossfeldt drawings

A drawings of one of Blossfeldt’s images.

Image result for buildings inspired by natural forms

Many modern designs and buildings have been inspired by Blossfeldt’s work. The fits in the theme in the sense that many of the images may appear very similar but you have to look very closely to see the difference in the images.

Typologies  (Bernd and Hilla Becher)

Image result for typologiesThe German artists Bernd and Hilla Becher, who began working together in 1959 and married in 1961, are best known for their “typologies” which are grids of black-and-white photos of variant examples of a single type of industrial structure. The couple traveled around Germany taking images of the industrial building from the same distance and angle so when the images where arranged they all looked very similar.  At first glance someone may mistake the images for being the same image when in-matter-of-fact they are all different images.Image result for typologies

The work of the Becher’s inspired a whole movement of typologies from other photographers.

My Response to Tim Booth / John Coplans

The work of Coplans is similar to the work of Tim Booth in ‘A Show of Hands’ in which he photographed portraits of subjects through their hands to show an insight into the subjects lives and professions through markings and objects related to the subjects’ lives, such as a chess piece for Lord Carrington’s portrait. Booth’s work explores the body in detail in the same way that Coplan does and brings emphasis to the small details and flaws within the human body and celebrates the details that make everyone individual. Both photographers also use a black and white filter in order to highlight the blemishes and veins rather than the viewer focusing on colours. These projects fit into the theme of ‘Variance and Similarities’ because they look at how each individual has unique marks, likes and shapes within their body that makes their body individual and unique to them – these may be features that the owner of the body believes is private to them or may be individual but obvious lines such as a person’s fingerprint. I believe that this is what Coplans is trying to show through his focus on his body; he wants to show that everyone has flaws and quirks in their body and they should embrace these individualities rather than feeling ashamed because of them.

My approach in responding to these two artists involves inspiration from both of them as I use Coplan’s idea of creating something unfamiliar out of a familiar subject with Booth’s focus on using the hands to tell a story. The result of a mix of inspiration from Coplans and Booth is an abstract and close-up view of the features within a hand which displays the individual characteristics and tones within them.

Contact Sheet

Edits

After creating contact sheets of the photographs produced on the shoot I carried out editing on these photographs by first choosing a smaller selection of photographs that best fit the aim of the shoot to create abstract photographs showing the creases and marks in a hand. Next I edited features such as contrast and brightness to ensure that the photographs were technically correct and to make the photographs more dramatic in order to bring out the tones and shadows. After making the small selection I cropped each photograph in a way that creates an abstract competition of a subject that is so familiar to everyone on the Earth. This close-up approach means that the features can be focused on in more detail rather than focusing on the hand as a whole.

Typology

As these photographs are all so similar yet so different I thought it would be appropriate to display the photographs in a typology grid. This typology grid allows for the photographs to be compared side by side to create contrast between them as well as highlighting different parts and lines within the hand. Different parts of the hand are clearly photographed here and show how a hand can vary and how different areas are completely different to eachother although it also shows the similarity between them as a common theme in hands are the creases and lines throughout it.

Both Coplans and Booth produced their work in black and white as they believed this allowed the marks, blemishes and lines in the hands to be focused on rather than the colours within it. I agree with this statement but in this instance I believe that the warm skin tones in the hand creates more contrast and familiarity in the compositions as well as being more aesthetically pleasing. I think that producing these photographs in black and white take away from the human element of the photographs as the skin tones give a hint that the photograph shows hands.

GIF

Another effective way of showing the variance and similarity between the hands is through a GIF – this allows the photographs to be shown as glimpses meaning the viewer can see the initial shapes and details within the photographs but has to watch the GIF over and over in order to be able to see the deeper details and to establish differences between each photograph.

Analysis

To capture this photograph I used artificial light from a lamp positioned to bring out the shadows on the hand. This use of light to create shadows has led to an increased contrast within the photographs as well as a wider range of tones as the lighter parts of the palm contrast against the dark shadows. I used a deep depth of field to ensure that all of the details and marks in the hard were clear and in focus for the viewer and so further emphasising them. I used a shutter speed of 1/60 with an ISO of 640. The ISO used is fairly high but it has not had an effect on the photograph as it is noise-free, the shutter speed of 1/60 allowed the photograph to be correctly exposed by allowing enough of the artificial light from the lamp to enter the lens. There is a warm colour cast to the photograph due to the naturally warm colour palette of the human hand – this warm colour palette creates a feeling of familiarity within an unfamiliar composition.

I had experimented with presenting this photograph in black and white in order to allow the lines and creases of the palm to be further emphasised but after experimenting with this I felt that the warm flesh colour was important to the composition as the familiar feeling that it creates contrasts with how abnormal and unfamiliar the composition. There is clear texture throughout the photograph as the crease lines as well as dry skin can be seen in the palm of the hand – there is also reflection of light on the hand from oil/sweat as the photograph is so close up. Due to the artificial light use there is a 3D effect to the photograph as parts of the hand are clearly bundled up and brought closer to the camera, casting shadows onto the rest of the palm. There is no pattern or repetition within the photograph – only lines running throughout it in random directions. This lack of pattern and routine shows how random and unique the features of the hand can be.

This photograph is from a shoot that takes inspiration from artists John Coplans and Tim Booth who have both explored the human body in differing ways. This is my response to their work and aims to show how all hands are similar in the sense that they have fingerprints, crease-lines, markings and blemishes but they are all completely different as everyone has unique fingerprints, size of hands and marks or scars from past events. The features of hands can often be used in fortune telling to tell the future of someone, such as how long their life span will be, through certain lines in the hand – although this may not be an entirely legitimate thing, it shows just how unique and different each hand is.

Variation and Similarity – Initial Ideas

After reading through the exam paper and gaining an understanding of what ‘Variation and Similarity’ can mean I have generated a few ideas which I could explore in this project:

  • Hands – through exploring hands I would be looking at the different size and shape of people’s hands and especially the different lines in the palms of hands and possibly fingerprints.  This could product some abstract up close photographs or photographs showing the whole hand.  I could experiment with colouring the hands with ink in order to emphasise the features of the hands.  I could also experiment with printing the photographs then putting materials such as coloured string along the hand lines to emphasise the lines.  This could lead me to look at other natural lines on the human body including veins.  An artist that I could look at relating to this subject is Tim Booth who did a project titled ‘A Show of Hands’.
  • Variations – exploring variations would allow me to look at a range of different subjects including different models of cars or buildings.  At the same time I could look at similarities between these subjects or possibly both variations and similarities in order to show a contrast.  This could involve me using photoshop to create a mass repetition effect of these subjects to portray the idea of mass production.  One photographer that I can draw inspiration from for this is Lewis Bush as he did work similar to what I am thinking of on his work ‘Metropole’
  • Handwriting – this is unique to every person as everyone has learnt to hold a pen or write specific characters in a certain way.  This means that this will allow me to show the differences through text written by a variety of people.  I could also look at asking the subjects to write about what ‘variation and similarity’ means to them – similar to what Lewis Bush did in his work on ‘Trading Zones’.
  • Personal items – everyone has pieces of clothing that make them individuals and everyone will carry different items around in their bag or pack a different lunch for school.  There is an endless combination of clothing items or foods to bring to school and so looking at what people choose to wear or like to eat will show differences or similarities within peoples tastes and personalities.  This has links to Huang Qingjun.
  • Individual features – genes create different variations of different features within people and these features can be enjoyed by people if they believe that it is one of their strong points or they can see it as an imperfection.  By looking into these characteristics that make people unique I can show the range of varieties that genes can create in people.
  • Car boot sale – when visiting a car boot you are able to see a wide range of different possessions of people.  Everyone at a car boot will be selling different items for different prices in different conditions and often the items that someone is selling can give an insight into who they are as a person.  This would link to Huang Qingjun’s work on ‘Jiading’ in which he would photograph rural citizens of China with all of their personal belongings in order to show who they are and how they live.

Variation and Similarity

The title for our exam is ‘Variation and Similarity’.  In this post I will be showing my understanding of this title as well as looking at ways in which I can explore it.  These two words are binary opposites meaning that they are a pair of related terms or concepts that are opposite in meaning.

Variation – What is it?

Variation is defined as:

  • “A change of slight difference in condition, amount or level, typically within certain limit” OR;
  • “A different or distinct form or version or something.”

Synonyms for the work ‘variation’ include:

  • Difference
  • Inequality
  • Contrast
  • Distinction

I can use these synonyms to find different areas in which to explore variation.

My understanding of the word ‘variation’ is that features or characteristics can change and vary greatly between different subjects and so give these subjects unique characteristics.

‘Variation’ is a late middle english word that derives from  Latin ‘variatio’ from the word ‘variare’.

Similarity – What is it?

Similarity is defined as:

  • “The state of being almost the same, or a particular way in which something is almost the same” OR;
  • “A similar feature or aspect”

Synonyms for the word ‘similarity’ include:

  • Resemblance
  • Sameness
  • Comparability
  • Parallel

I can use these different synonyms of the word ‘similarity’ in order to find inspiration for different areas in which to explore similarity.

My understanding of the word ‘similarity’ is that two things that have similarities have many likenesses to each other and so have things in common that are comparable.

‘Similar’ is a late 16th century word  from the French ‘similaire’ or medieval Latin ‘similaris’, from the Latin word ‘similis’ meaning ‘like’.

ESA // Moodboard, Mindmap and Initial Ideas

Mind Map of Possible Ideas
A Mood Board of images that have inspired my initial Ideas

For my exam, I am wanting to focus on nature and the way it changes. There are multiple areas that I can look into such as flowers and animals, however, becasue I live on an island the sea is a very significant part of the landscape and the tides are constantly changing. In both predictable and unpredictable ways. I feel like this would be an interesting topic to explore because of the variations as well as the similarites in each tidal movement.

How I am going to go about photographing the tidal movements:

I am going to take a series of images from various areas of the island. Each area will contain photos taken every 5/10 minutes, until a visible change occurs. With these series of images I am hoping to display them in two ways. Firstly I am going to create a moving image using photoshop, to show the tidal movements. I am also going to display the images in a grid, so that each photo is one frame of the moving image.


Artists I am going to look at and the images that have inspired me:

  • Michael Marten
  • Lorna Simpson
  • Eadweard Muybridge
  • Hiroshi Sugimoto
  • Roni Horn
  • Jem Southam
  • Bernd and Hilla Becher
  • John Baldessari