Pictoralism
Time period : 1845 – 1915
Key characteristics : manipulate images with the intent to strip reality from it by adding effects
Artists associated : Alfred Stieglitz rejected the movement and Ansel Adams didn’t agree with the art form because he thought photography was fine art itself and did not need altering.
Julia Margaret Cameron
Key works : allegorical paintings and paintings from the Italian Renaissance
Methods / Techniques / Processes : used darkroom process to add effects – noise, different colours, lights and textures. Would also use Vaseline to make it more unphotographic and more as an art painting.
Modernism
“A style of post-1960s art which rejected the traditional values and politically conservative assumptions of its predecessors, in favour of a wider, more entertaining concept of art, using new artistic forms enriched by video and computer-based technology.”
Postmodernist Art refers to a wide range of contemporary art founded in the 1970s onward’s. The elements of this movement is the rejection of the aesthetics upon the predecessor. The ideologies which are founded in modern art such as ideas needing to be elevated from popular tastes. Postmodernism has lead to decades of experimental art in new media and art forms. This includes conceptual art, performance art and installation art. This new form has amplified the definition of art to the point where “anything goes”.
The 1960’s were a period of monumental political, social and artistic activity. The young artists of America and England began to make popular culture their subject matter for their works of art. Postmodernist philosophical ideas and analysis of culture and society express the significance of critical theory within literary work and art.
It is consider that there are three principles of “Postmodernist Art”, instant meaning, art can be made from anything and the idea matters more than the work itself. From the start the Pop Art movement, postmodernist painting and sculptures were abstract and bold but were instantly recognizable. Postmodernist have been able to create pieces of art from the most unlikely materials as well as scraps and rubbish. The idea to democratise art making it more accessible for people from all walks of life. Postmodernist gave a stronger feeling in the concept behind the work of art rather than the actual work itself. The postmodernist aesthetic is thus defined by the (political) sense of this multiplicity of practices.
There are various sub-movements which are included in the post modernism movement such as the Pop Art movement, Graffi Art movement, Neo- Expressionism and many more. These allow many artist to express their own abstract ideas which may be rejected in their society for not being classically picturesque but their is substance to their works of art.
The leading influences in the rise of the postmodern art movement was architecture, urban planning, literature, music and graphic design. Postmodernism bought a change from the conventions of planning and architecture which can result in a social reform. The development of modernism to postmodernism was drastically seen in the world of architecture in the 1970s. The city of Las Vegas became the ultimate expression of postmodern architecture
Well known artists such as Andy Warhol is a key influence in the Moderism movement.