The Kelvin Scale is a more intricate way to edit the white balance on your camera. It is simply a unit of measurement for temperature and in photography we most often use it to measure the color temperature of light sources. The temperature scale most often used in photography ranges from about 2000K (K=Kelvin) to 9000K.
White balance allows you to edit the lighting of your image as you are in the field doing a photo shoot. You can use the white balance settings on your camera to make the colours in your image more balanced or simply for bringing out colours in the image. For example, if you are in a shaded location you can change the white balance to the shady option. In this experimental shoot i took photos using all the white balance tones from direct sunlight to incandescent. My contact sheets show how these settings can change the tone of the image.
1. Focal Length:
Focal length of an image is the distance between the centre of a lens and its focus. The focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be. The longer the focal length; the narrower the angle of view and the higher the magnification. The shorter the focal length; the wider the angle of view and the lower the magnification.
2. Depth of Field:
Depth of field, in photography is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that give an image judged to be in focus in a camera; it is whether the foreground, mid-ground or background are in focus; which are and which aren’t. Some images may have very small zones of focus which is called shallow depth of field. Others may have a very large zone of focus which is called deep depth of field. Three main factors that will affect how you control the depth of field of your images are: aperture, distance from the subject to the camera, and focal length of the lens on your camera.
3. Point of View:
In relation to photography, ‘point of view’ refers to the position the camera is in when viewing a scene. Are you lying on the ground, looking up at your subject? Are you flying in a helicopter, looking down at the landscape below? Or are you simply standing and looking straight-on at your subject?
Bird’s Eye View –
Photographing from a bird’s-eye view can be especially effective if shooting landscapes.
Becoming the Subject –
This point of view tends to be the most effective, especially when photographing human subjects. To use this technique, photograph your subject from the point of view of the person interacting with the subject.
Eye Level –
This is the most common way to photograph a subject. after all, it is typically the way we regard most subjects in our day-to-day lives, especially other people. photographing animals especially from this perspective allows viewers to feel more connected with them – especially if the subject is making direct eye contact with the camera.
4. Aperture:
Aperture is essentially an opening, a hole, or a gap. But in photographic terms it is a space through winch light passes in an optical or photographic instrument.
It is calibrated in f/stops and us generally written as numbers such as 1.4/2/2.8/4/5.6/8/11/16. The lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures.
The lower the f/stop—the larger the opening in the lens—the less depth of field—the blurrier the background.
The higher the f/stop—the smaller the opening in the lens—the greater the depth of field—the sharper the background.
The f/stop also affects shutter speed. using a low f/stop means more light is entering the lens and therefore the shutter doesn’t need to stay open as long to make a correct exposure.
5. ISO:
In very basic terms, ISO is the level of sensitivity of your camera to available light. The lower the ISO number, he less sensitive it is to the light, while a higher ISO number ISO increases the increases of your camera. with increased sensitivity, your camera sensor can capture images in low-light environmental without having to use flash. But higher sensitivity comes at an expense – it adds grain/noise to the photos.
ISO Speed Example:
ISO 100 – 1 second
ISO 200 – 1/2 of a second
ISO 400 – 1/4 of a second
ISO 800 – 1/8 of a second
ISO 1600 – 1/16 of a second
ISO 3200 – 1/32 of a second
6. Shutter Speed:
Simply put, a camera shutter is a curtain in front of the camera sensor that stays closed until the camera fires. When the camera fires, the shutter opens and fully exposes the camera sensor to the light that passes through the lens aperture. After the sensor is done collecting the light, the shutter closes immediately, stopping the light from hitting the sensor.
Shutter speed, also known as “exposure time”, stands for the length of time a camera shutter is open to expose light into the camera sensor. If the shutter speed is fast, it can help to freeze action completely. If the shutter speed is slow, it can create an effect called “motion blur”.
A high-angle shot is a photographic/cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets “swallowed up.” High-angle shots can make the subject seem vulnerable; like you, the photographer is a giant. It is very effective when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects. It almost has a fish-eye effect due to the perspective – the head of a person in a high-angle portrait looks blown up and bigger than the rest of the body.
In cinematography/photography, a low–angle shot, is a shot from a camera angle positioned low; sometimes it is even directly below the subject’s feet or anywhere below the eye line, looking up. Psychologically, the effect of the low-angle shot is that it makes the subject look strong, powerful and superior to the small character you’re playing as you look up at them. proportions can look strange in a low angle shot as the the upper half of the body can look out of proportion to the rest but can also pay off very well.
A canted angle, once again used in television or photography is a camera angle which is deliberately slanted to one side, sometimes used for dramatic effect to help portray unease or disorientation and could make the audience feel uncomfortable looking at it. A canted angle can be used to portray a discrete or disguised way to capture a scene in films for example. Canted angles are often used in street photography.
HIGH ANGLE– A high–angle shot is a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets “swallowed up.” High–angle shots can make the subject seem vulnerable or chicken when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects.
LOW ANGLE-A low-angle shot, is a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up. Sometimes, it is even directly below the subject’s feet. Psychologically, the effect of the low-angle shot is that it makes the subject look strong and powerful.
CANTED ANGLE-A canted-angle shot is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame
WHITE BALANCE
White Balance is the process of taking away unrealistic and unwanted color casts. This is so that objects that appear white in person, are shown white in your photo. Using White balance on your camera , means the camera has to take in account the color temperature of a light source, which is the relative warmth or coolness if the light.
The table below is a guide to the color temperature of some common light sources.
| Color Temperature | Light Source |
| 1000-2000 K | Candlelight |
| 2500-3500 K | Tungsten Bulb (household variety) |
| 3000-4000 K | Sunrise/Sunset (clear sky) |
| 4000-5000 K | Fluorescent Lamps |
| 5000-5500 K | Electronic Flash |
| 5000-6500 K | Daylight with Clear Sky (sun overhead) |
| 6500-8000 K | Moderately Overcast Sky |
| 9000-10000 K | Shade or Heavily Overcast Sky |
These images below are the display images that would appear on your camera when changing your white balance.
 |
Auto White Balance |
 |
Custom |
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Kelvin |
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Tungsten |
 |
Fluorescent |
 |
Daylight |
 |
Flash |
 |
Cloudy |
 |
Shade |
Here is an image of the Kelvin Scale to show the differences in the color of light between the different temperatures.
What is a contact sheet? – a piece of photographic paper onto which several or all of the negatives on a roll of film have been contact printed.
Photographers use a contact sheet to display all the photos that they have taken in one shoot. They also use it to easily chose and highlight the best images from that selection.
