Developed from the renaissance.  Artists known for developing the technique include: Leonardo Da Vinci, Caravaggio and Rembrandt from oil paintings.   This technique also may be termed “ambient/natural lighting” for photography.   “Chiaro” means light, “scuro”  means dark.   This means we can use Chiaroscuro to enhance the dark and lighter areas.  Here is a common setup for Chiaroscuro lighting: