Final Results: Photo-book – Front Cover

Now that my photo books is completed and arranged with text and images, I next need to decide what the front cover will be. After doing this I will be ready to print out my book and present my finished project along with my evaluation. Although I have the option of choosing a fabric cover I think that, for my project, an image wrap will be much better. To do this for my Blurb published book I will simply have it printed straight onto the hard cover, giving my book a professional look. As the front cover gives the viewer an initial impression of the book before even opening it, I am wanting to show something eye-catching and in keeping of my environmental theme. This image will represent my project and set the tone for the rest of the book….

After experimenting with the four front cover examples above I have decided that the textured abstract image of agricultural plastic will be best for representing my book. This is because of its intense beauty as well as it very dark and worrying subject matter. To make  this double page spread work perfectly I have rotated it 180 degrees so that the cross over of plastic is featured on the front page rather than the back.  The reason I think this image is so much better than my other choices presented above is because it is not a straight forward symbolic message and its abstract style will hopefully intrigue my potential viewers.

Final Outcomes

These are three images I selected out of the original, only slightly retouched images (without any heavy photoshop of the addition of text) I decided to present these image as a sort of triptych. I plan to separately mount these images on white window mounts but display them in a row of three as above. I chose these three because the two more feminine images with the pink back drop act as the bread in my angry feminist (image with the blue backdrop) sandwich. The colour of the images work well together because the images with the pink backgrounds have a large are of blue to tie them with the image in the centre, the beauty queen photograph has the blue of the dress which is mirrored quite nicely a similar blue of the fluffy backpack in the art student photo. I also decided to place the feminine images on the outside because I am more outwardly feminine than I am masculine, but that does in no way diminish the fact that I am a feminist, which is why the dramatic angry feminist portrait is placed in the middle. These images were mainly inspired by studio self-portraits of Yasumasa Morimura.

I selected these images to be presented together as a triptych in a white window mount. I chose these images to act as part of a triptych because they all had blue backgrounds and the text included in the images stems from the theme of feminism and stereotypes. Similarly to the three images above at the top of the post, I placed my two more masculine stereotypes on the outsides of the triptych and my more feminine stereotype in the centre. My single feminine figure in this triptych is also supported by the phrase “feminine is not anti-feminist” breaking the stereotype that feminist cannot present themselves as stereotypically feminine or conform to traditional gender roles. My art student image features the phrase “Her work critic, and yet her best advocate” which is a phrase that is personal to me as I can be both overly confident and overly critical about my own work. The text also ties in with the stereotype of a pretentious art student who is constantly at war with whether their work is worthless or genius. The text in my angry feminist image, “We tried being polite, but men only respond to violence” is a phrase that combats the negative connotations of the angry feminist stereotype. As, historically speaking, asking nicely to be freed or given equal rights as a oppressed group of people doesn’t work. These images were inspired by Gillian Wearing photographic project “Signs that Say What You Want Them To Say and Not Signs that Say What Someone Else Wants You To Say” as I feel that these are often phrases that are unspoken and the phrase included in the art student portrait is something that I have struggled to put into words. If Wearing had included me as one of her subjects in the project, I’m sure that my sign would have said something of that nature.

 

I chose to present these high contrast images as a triptych because I felt that they were more powerful when presented as a group. I plan to mount these on black window mount to create even more contrast between the black of the window mount and the white of the print. I chose to place the images in the order that I have shown above because the centre image has a strip of lighter hair and has a nice curve in terms of its overall pose and composition. With these images I wanted to create a sense of drama and intensity, so the viewer feels as if the figures could jump out of the window mount and attack at any moment. These images were inspired by Pieter Hugo photographic series, “There’s a place in hell for me and my friends” I found the concept of hyper pigmentation in all skin tones and within many races and ethnicities very intriguing. However, I simply took inspiration from the aesthetic nature rather than the political undertones of Hugo’s work.

I selected this image as a final because I feel that my continuation with an analog approach was very successful. I plan to mount this print on black sugar paper, leaving a small border of white from the original print. I will then  see how the image looks but I think I will mount it in a black window mount to give the piece a polished and finished look. I included this image even though there are some others that are similar because I feel that the colour relationship between the pink and blue and black and white is very apparent and successful with this composition. The word “beauty” which has positive connotations is presented in black text with a dominant white background and the word “bitch” which has negative connotations is presented in white text with a dominant black background. There is also a very strong sense of divide between the two stereotypes due to them being separate bodies also separated by the rip between the prints. This image was inspired by the research I did on ripped movie posters such as “The Shining”, the burn book from “Mean Girls” and the typical Hollywood ransom notes.

I selected this image as a final, although it is rather similar to the final above because in this image the two figure have become one, the physical prints are combined. I think that there is a greater sense of integrity in this image because everything has been done manually and by hand. The text in this image alternates between white letters with black background and black letters with white backgrounds. This image has already been mounted on to black sugar paper but I also plan to place it in a black window mount. This image was also inspired by film posters, ransom notes and the burn book from “Mean Girls” I feel that this image displays all of my inspirations in a stylized and sophisticated way.

I selected this image as a final outcome, although similar to the previous two because I think that the digital combination of the two images and text is more polished. I the digital combination of the images I was able to edit out the fingers of the second hand in the blonde photograph, which looked strange in the very centre of the image. I was also able to match up the faces more accurately and adjust the brightness, contrast and colour channels to make the skin tones more similar for a more seamless split. For the text in this image I took inspiration from the work of Barbara Kruger and kept the full words intact rather than separating them into individual letters. I placed the text onto label like backgrounds of the opposite colour, white on black and vice versa. I also placed the words at jaunty angles, which is a common feature of Kruger’s work. I also decided to keep the word Feminism on my “Art and Feminism” book between the additional “and” and “the” as a not so subtle subtext. I originally planned to edit the word out, but after consideration I decided to keep it.

I selected this image as a final because I feel that it comments of the beauty standards in western society that women are held to. The text also comments on how beautiful who appear outwardly confident are often just as insecure as everyone else on the inside. When I was blonde I also felt that I was held to higher standards in terms of appearance because when one has blonde hair and wears  no make up and comfy clothes they often look very unpolished. If I had worn the same wig with the outfit I wore in my art student portrait with no makeup I would have looked very odd. I plan to present this image individually in a black window mount as I feel that it is strong enough to stand alone. This image was inspired by the work of Barbara Kruger, I adopted her monochrome colour palette with her signature cherry red as a pop of colour. I was particularly inspired by her collection of images that featured various pop icons such as Marilyn Monroe and Andy Warhol with the phrase “not —– enough” with an different adjective for each person.

Final Results: Photo-book – Extra Material

In order to properly introduce and give context to each pollution issue that I am visually portraying, I will be adding in multiple facts, as well as a few inspiring quotes. The facts I will be adding will be straightforward statements, taken from my previous research on the blog, and will be put beside the images to give context to each topic. Instead of adding a preface to explain what my book is about, I have decided to use a title page and really powerful quote from legendary explorer Robert Swan. By doing this I hope to introduce my book without giving too much away about the context as well as get across the inspiring message about our environment. Below is a list of each fact and quote in the order I intend to present them throughout my photo book…

  • Second title page –  Pollution In the Channel Islands
  • Introductory quote “The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it.” – Robert Swan
  • ‘Cigarette waste’ context – Every year over 4.5 trillion cigarettes are littered worldwide, each one taking anywhere from two to twenty-five years to biodegrade.’
  • ‘As well as leaching cadmium, lead and arsenic into our environment, discarded cigarette butts pose a significant threat to our environment in terms of fire. Every year, forest fires ravage vast areas, killing off wildlife and vegetation that take years to return.’
  • ‘Plastic pollution’ context – ‘Modern life is unthinkable without plastic and the pure fact it is low-cost, light weight and durable makes it very hard to dispose of.’
  • ‘The term plasticulture refers to the practice of using plastic materials in agricultural applications. Unfortunately this method is used for Jersey’s famous potatoes, 99% of which are exported to the UK.’
  • ‘Agricultural films are one of the largest contributors to the billions of pounds of plastics that are improperly discarded by farming industries across the globe each year. ‘
  • ‘With the exception of the small amount that has been incinerated, every piece of plastic that was ever made still exists in some shape or form.’
  • ‘Ocean pollution’ context – ‘The litter that is swamping our oceans kills wildlife, looks disgusting and is a hazard to our health. – Fishing ropes and netting are a huge problem for our eco-system as, not only does it take at least 600 years for them to degrade, more than 260 animal species worldwide have suffered and died from being entangled in or consuming the material.’
  • ‘Each year, National Geographic estimated that we dump over eight million metric tons of plastic waste into the oceans.’
  • ‘Energy from waste’ context –‘All common household waste in Jersey that is not recycled is sent to the La Collette Energy from Waste Facility. This facility provides the Channel Island with a reliable means of waste disposal for the next 25 years as well as being able to produce 10MW of power, equivalent to 7 – 8% of the island’s electricity usage.’
  • ‘To create energy at the same time as disposing of our waste, the facility burns rubbish and uses the heat from the fire to generate steam which is then used to drive a turbine, generating electricity.’
  • ‘The plant is constantly monitored to ensure it operates in accordance with the licence and EU air quality standards.’
  • Ending quote – “It is the greatest of all mistakes to do nothing because you can only do little – do what you can.” – Sydney Smith

Above is a contact sheet depicting how I am going to arrange my title, quotes and facts with in my photo book. I love the idea of having two blank pages with a straight forward fact between each topic as this really adds to the structure of my journey and leaves a clean space between the different issues. When placing my text I decided to keep it small and towards the bottom of the page as to not take away the emphases of my photographs. As well as this, the reason I have decided to add in two quotes, one as an introduction and one as an ending, is because they really bring to light the meaning and message of my project.

Further Reading – Helena Reckitt and Peggy Phelan – Art and Feminism

Art and photography are creative mediums that I have always been passionate about and feminism is a topic that I am incredibly interested in as a self identified feminist. As a result of these interests I received a number of books for Christmas last year, including “The Art of Reflection” which is about how female artist have presented their bodies in self portraiture and “Art and Feminism” which is an incredibly interesting book that encompasses many topics surrounding the link between feminism and art, with many honourable mentions of influential feminist artist and different critics insights on how their work, often particular pieces link in with feminism.

The book includes essays, quotations and various texts from a number of female  artists, art critics and feminist scholars. The preface and editing of the book was completed by Helena Reckitt, a feminist curator and researcher and the survey was written by the incredibly influential feminist scholar and former chair of New York University’s Department of Performance Studies.

The pre-face of the book was written by Helena Reckitt, even in those first initial pages some very interesting and thought provoking thoughts are made. Reckitt writes that “the trap of heroine worship,” is that “the achievements of women are uncritically celebrated in an understandable but counterproductive effort to compensate for year of neglect.” I think that this statement in certain circumstances is correct. A lot of women who are in male dominated professions such as doctors or scientists are often celebrated for simply choosing to take their chosen career path. I think that such achievements are commendable as girls and young women are often discouraged from choosing to study certain subjects or take certain jobs. However, when this celebration, or “worship” as Reckitt suggests, takes away from their actually achievements within their field (when compared to men as well as women) this  “worship” can be harmful. For example if a public speaker who made an  well planned, well presented, thought provoking speech on a serious topic was not a native English speaker and all anybody could talk was how well they spoke English, it devalues the content of the speech. On the other hand, however, this statement is untrue, in the art world self identified feminist artist’s (or occasionally simply female artists’) work is looked at incredibly critically. Critics and viewers alike automatically search for some kind of feminist reading or political subtext within artworks.

Peggy Phelan (left), Helena Reckitt (right)

Reckitt also goes on to say later in the pre-face that stems from the same idea that some female artist find “the feminist label restrictive, threatening to overshadow other elements of their work.” Louise Bourgeois, one of the most influential feminist artist of  the 20th Century has in the past denied being a feminist, this may be because she feels that if she labels herself and thus, her work as feminist it may diminish the many other strong themes in her work. Other female artist of colour, have in the past and present denied being “feminist artist” because they feel that the feminism movement for the greater part of history has been about the rights and freedom of middle class white women with a complete disregard for the rights of women of colour. I think that this is a fair point, if you feel that your rights have been ignored and you relate this discrimination to a particular label, you are completely within your right to not identify with the movement. However, I feel that within the current movement of third wave feminism, the importance of inclusion for all women, including women of the LGBT community and women from all races and cultural backgrounds is growing.

Peggy Phelan states later in the survey that “Writing about art has traditionally been concerned with that which is interior to the frame, whereas feminism has focused primarily on what lies outside he frame of patriarchal logic, representation, history and justice.” I believe that this is a very intriguing analogy as it raises questions as to whether or not feminist art is appreciated enough for its aesthetic nature and perhaps too much for its social and political allegory. At the same time, it suggests that the social and political nature of artworks that are not typically considered feminist have traditionally not been looked at as critically as maybe they should have been at the time of production. Many non- feminist artworks from history are now looked at through a critical lens, although critics views are now in retrospective and cannot reflect on current events of the time. The critical viewpoint that Phelan describes suggests taking a step when critically analyzing art, viewing it within it’s social, political and historical context.

I found this book very interesting, but at times difficult to read, I often had to take a break and allow myself to process the essays and make connections before continuing. I also found myself having to read over things again to understand them better. I was very glad that I was gifted this book as opposed to borrowing from a library as I was able to highlight certain quotes and passages that I found interesting or didn’t completely understand as well as marking pages that contained artwork that I was inspired by or found particularly intriguing.

 

Environment – Final Outcomes

In this post, I am going to be looking at and evaluating my final outcomes for this project. I think that my work fulfils the exam brief of’ Environment’ innovating upon the word in order to create something original and unique. My work for this exam is entirely focused upon my travels around the Mediterranean and the different environments I visited. There is a specific emphasis on location which is reflected through the photography produced throughout my project. I was very motivated in ensuring that the individual styles and personalities of each city was accurately portrayed through the work so that we, as an audience, are forced to study and investigate the environment showcased. This project has undergone a series of transformations before finding its final balance and identity. The project originally started at a direct narrative surrounding tourism and disposable cameras. I was certain that I would be studying tourism history and that disposable cameras would be the primary focus of the whole project, due to their popularity in the 90’s and presence within my childhood. Nevertheless, I soon found the concept uninspired and began to look into illustration and digital drawing. I discovered that this would be an excellent way to weave a narrative or message into the environments present from my holidays. Nevertheless, I could not predict the satirical, comedic tone that came to fruition as I began producing some work. The resulting visuals are truly interesting, and quite successful in my mind. We see these goofy, almost childish drawings merging with typical tourist images, generating a very unique aesthetic. I am very happy with the project.

If I was to try and describe my project, I have received the theme of ‘Environment’ and manually manipulated these European environments in a comedic, humorous fashion, almost mocking the serious perspective we are expected to hold. My project is about poking fun and demoting large scale tourism, using visual sarcasm to parody these locations. I have tried to integrate modern culture and the lifestyles of me and my friends in order to evoke a more personal message. 

This piece is very important, as it is the first response I created for this project. It set the tone for the remaining project, which I think has worked successfully. This is the only response that I took from my shoot in Pompeii, Italy. Pompeii, along with Herculaneum and many villas in the surrounding area, was mostly destroyed and buried under volcanic ash in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. This was a fantastic location to visit, and provided me with lots of photographic opportunities that I did not expect. This photograph was taken within the Quadriportico dei Teatri, also known as the Barracks of the Gladiators. This part of the city was initially used for the audience to stroll and converse during intervals between acts and later as a barracks for gladiators. The portico of the Theater was built in the early first century BC, as a recreational area or shelter from the rain for the  spectators within the Great and small theatres. Nevertheless, after an Earthquake, it was completely renovated and expanded,  changing its function into a school for gladiators. I like the shot I have taken here as there is an appealing palette of colours and interesting lighting composition. The photograph features a warm set of colours, the greens and oranges of the field and blue of the sky creating a summery, positive atmosphere. The large head statue within the foreground, incorporates some interesting textures, as generating from the rusty, cracked metal. I like how we only see one side of the statues face as this produces a sense of mystery and intrigue.  In addition to this, some vivid shadows are being casted from the sunlight as we see one surface of the ruin in the background masked in darkness. Nevertheless, a contrast is made as the highlight of the sky and pillars work nicely in juxtaposition with the shadows. These pillars are a pivotal component of the photograph working extremely effectively to generate a sense of perspective. The pillars start in the foreground and as they follow the natural flow of the courtyard they lead the eye of the viewer towards to the background. Instinctively, our eyes follow the positioning of the pillars and directing us towards the arch in the background and eventually the sky. This left a perfect spot to add an illustration. I thought about Pompeii history and how the city was almost destroyed from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. This led me into drawing a cartoonish volcano in the background, allowing us to visualise, in a funny kind of way, what happened on that very day. This photograph stands out from the rest in that I am actually telling history through the illustrations.  

These next two photographs come from my visit to Pisa, Italy. As shown, I have tried to incorporate imagery, from an everyday lifestyle. I wanted to continue this comedic visual style and have hence demoted these significant and historic sites into regular, boring objects. There is a sense of irony surrounding this, which is great as it triggers discussion regarding your work. For example, I have transformed the Tower of Pisa, one of the architectural wonders of the world into a fire extinguisher. I like the cheeky, almost controversial nature of the transformation as it forces the audience to think. In the second image I have  captured The Baptistery of St. John. Construction started in 1152 to replace an older baptistery, and when it was completed in 1363, it became the second building, in chronological order, in the Square of Miracles. The building is the largest baptistery in Italy and an example of the transition from the Romanesque style to the Gothic style.  The lower section is in the Romanesque style, with rounded arches, while the upper sections are in the Gothic style, with pointed arches. The Baptistery is constructed of marble, as is common in Italian architecture. I found this baptistery really beautiful and am happy with the photo I have taken of it. There is an attractive sense of light and dark as we the find  details of the architecture pop into the foreground. I really like how the light source is coming from the left side and it consequently casts one side of the baptistery in light and the other in darkness. The sky works in cooperation with the image here as an absence of clouds and colourful blue tone makes the building more prominent within the landscape. Here, I identified the curvature and shape of the baptistery and turned it into a mug of hot tea. Again, this is a very boring, ordinary object that we see frequently and pay little attention to. I was inspired by Michael Craig Martin in the incorporation of mundane objects like these. 

         

In these three images, I have tried my best to try and incorporate contemporary and modern culture, illustrating key components of the society I am invested in. This involves visual cues associated with teenage and student lifestyle. This can be seen within the first photograph, which is probably my favourite image from the whole project. This photo depicts the statue of St Agnes within The Pantheon in Rome. I like the way the lighting submerges the statues top half in shadow and the way in which the smooth, folds within the cloth of the gown has been highlighted by the soft light. With the top half of the statue shrouded in darkness, the opportunity to use crisp white-line drawing was available. I began to fill in where the details of the statue start to disappear around the waistline, working upwards towards the head. At this point I noticed the gesture of the subjects right hand, which visually looks like she is grasping a small, thin object. Yet on the statue, no object is present within her fingers. As a result, I identified the opportunity to implement a joint/spliff. This is something largely present and associated with teen culture, as drugs are consistently an active force within the life of a student. Visually, I think this creates a very striking juxtaposition, following the irony that I have been enforces so far. We see a historical piece of art within an extremely catholic building. This is an environment where a joint could not feel any more unnatural. There is a powerful contrast of ideologies and lifestyles. I continued this theme of teenage culture with the next photo, where in which I have photographed my sisters phone capturing my reflection in the front-camera. The image itself is not very interesting, but I thought I could create something unusual with additional illustrations. The phone surface presents me with a canvas that is in direct view of the audience. With this in mind, I decided to outline my silhouette within the phone screen which creates quite a cool, stylistic effect. In the final image of this set, I have produced an aesthetic that is synonymous with the photograph of St Agnes. I have decorated this statue within the city of Heraklion, Greece with a very urban and modern set of clothing. Inspired by the outfits of teenagers and students I know, I have equipped this statue with an Adidas tracksuit and cap. This evokes a youthful visual message that clashes with the heritage and history associated with statues.

In these three photographs, I have payed specific attention to the environment and architectural clues provided. I have tried to weave my illustrations within the photographs so that they feel natural and organic. The first photo was taken in Athens. the capital of Greece. I captured an old, stone archway in the distance, peaking over the shrubbery and tree-line. I was quite interested in the crisp arch shape that had been created, intrigued by its position in the center of the composition. I saw the opportunity to include two parallel, vertical running lines that I eventually transformed into a tree-swing. I like the resulting outcome as we again see this juxtaposition of age. Youth and childhood is being pitched against maturity and age. The next photo was captures the Colonnades that enclose St. Peters Square. The colonnades define the piazza. I like this image, the lighting working very effectively to create a domino-like effect. We see the large, marble columns spiral around the corner out of sight which leads the eye throughout the composition of the photo. There is a great balance of light and dark here, splitting the image into separate segments. Furthermore, another beautiful lighting display is presented on the clean brick floor as a zebra-crossing effect is created. The shadow of each pillar generates a striped pattern which is quite intriguing. Here, I integrated a clothing line, again following this concept of mundane and regularity. I like its natural integration within the composition as the line crosses across the pathway to connect to the pillars. The final photo of this set was taken in Knossos, Greece. I have tried to reconstruct this destroyed, ancient temple filling in where the structure has collapsed. In addition to this, I have improvised upon the upper layers, creating a floor of my own and a large sign upon the roof that reads ‘Tourism Office’. I thought this was a witty way of enforcing this theme of visual satire, almost mocking this ancient city and essentially labelling it as just a tourist attraction. 

These three photographs all possess specific emphasis on lighting, hence working well as a set. Moving away from monuments, churches and ruins, for the first two photographs I have directed my attention towards ordinary streets and alleys. I wanted to capture average lifestyle as oppose to the landmarks and tourist attractions that we are accustomed to viewing in these popular cities. The first photo was taken in Rome and features an appealing colour palette, the oranges and cream-painted walls evoking a warm and European ambience. We get a summery feel from this image which I like. In the first photo, the uniform, organised layout of windows creates a sense of satisfaction, as we see the blinders, open and closed, line the walls of the street. I like the texture of the wall, the paint beginning to fade and crack suggesting a sense of imperfection. I thought that the first photo would provide a fantastic opportunity to draw something within the open window in the foreground. Perhaps a resident within the room or a romantic balcony interaction. I decided to pursue this and am quite happy with the final result. The seconf photograph is probably my favourite from the Monaco collection due to the lighting. The shadows being casted are uniform and organised as correlated with the architecture of the building. The railing at the top of the image creates a crisp, lined shadow that disperses down to the bottom of the composition. I like the blocky, box form of the photograph as almost all shapes are made from sharp connecting lines. For this image, I transformed it into black and white in order to ensure focus on lighting rather than colour. Additionally, I  drew someone peeping out of the door in the foreground. I thought it would be interesting to transform this cold, industrial building into a home. The final image of this set was taken within the Pantheon in Rome. The highlight of the site is the hole in the center of the domed ceiling, otherwise known as an oculus. This was an engineering gem of the Roman world. No oculus had even dared come close in size to the one in the Pantheon. It is still lined with the original Roman bronze and is the main source of light for the whole building. This was one of my favourite sites within the city and I wanted to include this magnificent oculus within my project.  I have stood directly below the hole in the ceiling and pointed my camera upwards, capturing the leaking light. The resulting image was quite abstract and I decided to illustrate the face of a sun upon the hole of light. Furthermore, I drew shines of light emitted by the sun, that were uniform with the inner architecture of the dome. I like this photo as it is very different from the remaining portfolio.

These final three photographs are all portraits, hence their grouping together. In these images, I tried to create something different that stood out from the remaining photos. These images are intended to retain the youthful, fun and cool vibe that is popular within student art and illustration. As a consequence, you can identify the clear use of powerful and vibrant colours that pop away from the surrounding environment. In the first photo, I have decorated the glasses of my sister with a series of parallel, thin lines that sit upon the lens. I selected a gradient of yellow and purple to evoke this cheerful, holiday-esque colour palette. The youthful, free-spirited visuals are supported by the facial expression of the subject who is sticking her tongue out at the viewer. This enforces a sense of casual, easy-going informality. Similar styles are conjured in the following two images as the black and white works as an effective backdrop to these colourful illustrations. The subject holds up the hand gesture for ‘peace’ invoking thoughts of the hippy movement and love. This is fortified by the choice of colours, a sequence of rainbow that transpires across the image. We of course associate rainbows with equality, LGBT and freedom.

Final Outcomes and Evaluation

At the start of this project I came up with many different ways in which I could potentially approach the theme of ‘Environment’ and it being such a broad area it took me a while to decide on the investigation that I was going to sustain.  As an initial response I explored the environment of the Jersey Animals Shelter in a documentary style inspired by artists such as Raymond Meeks. I also became interested in performance art after attending a talk by the Australian artist Clare Rae who explores representations of the female body in connection to physical environments. I researched other female performance artists  such as Claude Cahun and  Francesca Woodman and explored the different styles and meaning behind their work. Interestingly all of these artists use mirrors in their work and this is something I wanted to explore.  I initially considered using a mirror in my work as a continuation of the project I investigated for my Personal Study. In the Pitt Street buildings, in which the project was based, an old envelop with a photograph of the past owner was found behind a mirror. I considered using this mirror as a prop when photographing the buildings but unfortunately this wasn’t feasible because of the current restoration work taking place, however I am still hoping there could be a possibility to explore this at a more suitable time out of school. In any case this made me interested in the history of mirrors and their purpose within a domestic environment as well as literary and artistic ideas associated with them. My contextual studies into the use of mirrors in art history and the contemporary use of mirrors in relation to the notion of the ‘gaze’ proved to be very valuable and was the principle reason for my decision to explore these ideas as the main body of work for this project.

In my initial specification I explained that I was going to explore human relationships to environments using elements of performance. This was partly inspired by my research into the Earth Art movement with the idea of human interconnectedness  to the natural world. I took inspiration from this with the idea of spontaneous exploration and using the surrounding environment to create art works. I researched specific artists associated with this such as  Andy Goldsworthy and Robert Smithson (significantly his ‘Yucatan Mirror Displacements’ which involved placing mirrors in natural landscapes and using the reflections to refract the surrounding environments). Originally I was planning to explore Earth art in more depth focusing on objects found within environments and considering the sub-theme of abandonment but  I later decided that I wanted to focus on the use of reflections and performance. Another thing I had planned to explore was video/stop frame animation and it’s a shame that I didn’t have time to do this but instead I decided to dedicate my time to creating a handmade book which was partly inspired by the work of Duan Michals and his use of series as well as the handmade elements to his work which make it more personal.

In addition to my handmade photo-book as I final outcome I have also made a selection of prints. I am going to present these first five images in A3 and display the colour ones on foam boards and the black and white ones in black window mounts.

I chose this image because I like it’s simplicity and the stream of light from the mirror on the ground and how the shape of her shadow follows this, leading the eye to the outer corners.

I like this image because of the chiaroscuro effect created by the combination of light and shadow. I also think the position of her arm is effective because it frames her face and leads the viewer’s eye around the image. She also stands out well against the dark background which contrasts with the paleness of her skin.

I  selected this image because I like how the subjects silhouette is visible through the curtain. I think the juxtaposition between the eeriness of the shadowed hands and the flowers  creates an unusual contrast. The use of the shadow also has a mysterious, unknown quality and could reflect the different sides of  people with the surface view of the flowers concealing the deeper energies beneath. 

I have included this image in my final outcomes because I like the ambiguous nature created by the fact that my face is concealed. This has connections to the photography of artists such as Francesca Woodman in the way that her work considers the relationship between observation, self-display and mystery. The environment its self is also visually appealing with the dramatic sky and broken rocks. I also like the way that my arms follow the shape of the mirror in this image and the roundness could reference the form of the moon or sun. The mirror fragments the environment and the fact that it is pointing towards the sky also creates an an optimistic tone.

I chose this photograph because as with some of my other final outcomes it has an enigmatic quality and relates to the idea of exploring the human connection to the environment with the shadow of my body blending into the form of the tree. The shadow was created by natural back lighting and I adjusted the image to black and white in order to emphasize the contrast between the light and dark tones and make it more dramatic.

This is a group of five images which I am going to present in a series. They will be printed in a small size (A6) and displayed in a black window mount. Below is a mock-up I made in Photoshop to show the order in which I am going to sequence them. I chose to have three black and white ones, split up by two colour ones. In each of these images it is myself who is the subject and in many I wore plain black which could allude to the costume of mime artists which relates to the idea of performance. The photographs were taken in a range of environments and illustrate some of the different uses of reflections as well as demonstrating other techniques such as long shutter speeds to capture movement.  I also selected these because the compositions are effective in each individual images for example I like the converging lines of light and shadow in the second image and how the cave entrance acts as a frame in the last.
I am going to present the following two images in A4, displayed in a Typtic window mount. I am presenting these together because I like the combination of a close-up portrait shot and more of a landscape photograph.  I chose the first picture because I like the effect of the raindrops on the mirror and I think the position I chose also works well because the fact that I’m crouching down means I’m inside the mirror and have fitted myself to it. The dark background is also effective because it contrasts with the white of my shirt and the mirror frame. I chose the second image because I like how small the human figure seems compared to the environment and the dramatic nature of the cliffs.

Similarly I am going to present these images in Typtic window mount and there is the use of a close-up and long-shot. I chose the first picture as it is one of my favorite outcomes with the mirror because of the composition and way that her eyes meet in the reflection which creates an interesting interaction. I chose the second because I like how the path leads the eye to the granite doorway and how the human subject stands out against the black. The fact that my face can’t been seen once again relates to the ambiguous element which is a pattern in my work.

Lastly I am going to print this picture in A4 and display it on a foam board. I think the lack of human presence works well in this image and I wanted to include an example which utilizes the mirror to create a landscape rather than portrait outcome. This relates more to the Earth Artists which influenced my work such as Robert Smithson’s use of reflections within natural environments. I like the way that the mirror creates an unusual perspective by refracting the environment so that the viewer has to stop and think about how it works. I also like the vibrant colours and clarity which is appealing and the depth of field meaning the grass is out of focus and the tree in the mirror is clear.

Finished Book

Below are some photographs of my finished photo-book which I am presenting as a final outcome for this project. As I outlined in my plan the content focuses on my portraiture explorations featuring myself and my sister. I have also integrated reflective material to reflect the use of mirrors in my photographs. I bought some small mirrors both square and round in shape in reference to the two large mirrors used in my project. I also found some highly reflective card which I cut into shape to suit the size of the pictures. The effect of this is that when the viewer turns the pages they can see the photographs reflected on the opposite page and when it is fully open they can see their own reflection. On the first page I used a large cutting of the reflective card so the first thing the viewer sees is their own reflection in the book. I think the card works well because when bent it distorts the reflected appearance which reminds me of Duane Michals ‘Heisenberg’s magic mirror of uncertainty’. Originally I had planned to take inspiration from his use of handwritten notes and I was thinking about including lines of poetry to add a new element to the pictures. However I eventually decided against this because I wasn’t responding to any specific literary texts in my work and I struggled to find text that fitted in with the message I was aiming to portray. I also feel this would have had the risk of being too obvious and the focus might have been on the text rather than the images, so they would appear to be directly illustrating the written information. Instead I concentrated on using the reflections to add new layers of meaning. I also explored series of images to tell a story, partly inspired by the work of Michals.

I planned the structure for the book by laying out the prints and sequencing them in the order I was planning to present them in as well as considering how I would display them by placing the materials near them. For example,for some I chose to have black or mirrored backgrounds and I also used silver photo-corners for the larger images. I aimed to have a relatively even amount of black and white images split up equally by the colour ones. I also ensured that I separated the large mirror pages from the smaller ones. I think these small mirrors also work well because they only reveal a small fragment of the photograph which I find interesting. In the final pages of the book I chose to include two photographs of the mirror found in the Pitt Street buildings to reference what began my interest in exploring them for a photographic project.

Analog combination of images and text

After manually tearing the images I had printed out early I decided to take the experimentation further and continue with an analog approach. I was able to use these prints for experimentation because I forgot to edit out the hand of the blonde side of the photo and the image looked rather strange with only a small portion of the hand from each photo, luckily I was able to use the letters and words in my experimentation to mainly obscure it from view. I have previously experimented with overlaying text on photoshop but know I want to experiment with cutting out letter and sticking them individually onto the prints. I attached the ripped photographs together by pray mounting them onto a piece of card. I used microsoft word to create the black and white letters, I created individual text boxes that I coloured as appropriate. I then made two copies of the alternating black and white letter and one copy of with each word having the same colour for all their letters. I  printed out the letters and cut them out and played around with how I wanted to display them on the prints. When sticking the individual letters onto the prints I ruined my first set of letters in my first attempt. When n i placed the letters face down onto some newspaper when spraying them with spray mount the pressure of the spray caused them to fly everywhere and got the wrong side of many of the sticky. I was able to solve this issue by using a rolled piece of masking tape. One side of the tape stuck to the newspaper and the other held the printed side of the letters still while I sprayed them.

For the above image I used black and white alternating letter and contrasting backgrounds for the words “beauty and “bitch” and block backgrounds and letters of the same colour for the words “and” and “the”. As previously stated, I wanted to try and hide the hand in this print as it is a little distracting as at first glance it appears to be a hand that works with both images but it is distorted in a way that is a little disturbing. I placed the words “and” and “the” in the centre of the image and the join, as if the two words are holding the images together, similarly to how the two words hold the phrase together. I then placed the letters for “beauty” and “bitch” is a disjointed stylistic way.

As this image combines each of the stereotypes separately and they are presented individually I decided to experiment with printing out the letters of the words in the same colours, although I still wanted a sense of alternating between white and black (because I think it works well with the alternating pink and blue of the outfits and backgrounds) so I made the text in the following colours “beauty” on white, “and” on black, “the” on white, “bitch” on black. I decided to make the background of beauty white because of the positive connotations of the colour and the word “beauty” and vice vera for the black background of the word “bitch”. Unlike the previous image I decided to place the words on opposite sides of the image rather than making them overlap, to give a greater sense of division.

I also had an already digitally combined print of the two sides, but similarly to the other images, it had the hand that was strange looking and distracting. Luckily I was able to completely cover it up in this version. For this image I took inspiration from Barbara Kruger’s work and used block backgrounds for full words rather than more ransom note inspired individual letters. I placed the words in such a way over the join of the image so it appears that the words are holding the two sides together.

 

Inspirations for development of combined images

 

I decided to develop my idea of combining images and text together by experimenting with an analog as opposed to a digital approach. I was inspired by the aesthetic nature of  Barbara Kruger’s work and how the importance of symmetry and balance is replaced with expressive angles for the text. Sometimes the unbalanced and disjunct nature of her work actually makes it more interesting to look at. I was also inspired by stereotypical ransom notes, similar to ones seen in movies and tv, that include letters cut out of magazines, each letter is a different colour and font, this makes the process of reading the text very disjointed and fragmented.

As seen above, the burn book from the film “Mean Girls” which I have referred to on multiple occasions during the course of this project, takes inspiration from the cinematic ransom notes I described. The burn book is a scrapbook created by the Regina George, the popular antagonist and her “plastic” followers, Karen Smith and Gretchen Weiners. The burn book was a single pace where each of the girl would write down their completely uncensored (and often exaggerated or untrue) opinions of various students and teachers at their high school. The book was kept safe at Regina’s house and was intended to never see the light of day. At the climax of the film the burn book pages are photocopied and hung up all over the school, which leads to scenes of absolute chaos. This leads to a workshop lead by the school where all of the girls are made to confess to all of their catty and bitchiness.  This leads to the scene ( screen capped above) where the token art student, feminist character Janis sarcastically admits to having a “big lesbian crush” on Regina, exposing the fact that all of the lies and rumours written in the burn book stem from Regina’s self obsession and her own insecurities.

I also want to take inspiration from movie posters that feature what appear to manually ripped, contrasting images that are combined to create something intriguing, like the poster above for the iconic Stanley Kubrick movie, “The Shining” and the layered ripped poster for “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind”. I included the poster for Jim Carrey’s “Me, Myself and Irene” in my mini mood board above because the split of the face representing a multiple personality disorder fit into the conceptual  nature of how I want to combine my two contrasting images of the angry feminist and the blonde (pictured above) .I feel that combining similar stereotypes from my project (Janis and Regina can be seen in my initial mood boards above from my angry feminist and blonde stereotypes) with a words inspired by both ransom notes and the burn book would be an interesting development for my project.

 

Final Stamps

// R E T U R N   T O   S E N D E R //

Following up on the research and experimentation I have carried out for this project, I created my twelve final stamps ready to be printed. Incorporating a mixture of artists I have researched such as Ray Johnson’s mail art and linear illustration techniques, the set below is my finished collection. Anna di Prospero is another artist who heavily influenced many of these designs with her soft floral double exposure techniques. This first image was created using a double exposure technique which involved altering the blending options, in particular the ‘lighten’ option. The second image is one from the same shoot and shows a selection of bright purple wildflowers. The white illustrations were inspired by Ray Johnson’s artwork but unlike his pieces, these were applied digitally using the pen tool in photoshop. This second image was digitally altered using the colour settings as well as the dodge tool, saturation settings and posterise options. The wrapped white pen was digitally added afterwards and a clipping mask created the postage stamp shape. The third used a channel mixer to create the alien looking colourings of cyan and lime green. The illustrations were drawn using a square brush to create a rougher and less finished look. So below is the finished set of twelve which will be displayed along side my prints and finished postcards – as both small scale stamps and as prints themselves.