Case Study: ‘No Seconds’ by Henry Hargreaves

For my attempt at studio style images I am taking inspiration from the series ‘No Seconds’ by Henry Hargreaves. In this series Hargreaves photographs the last meals as requested by death row inmates. The images are all taken in the same composition: a flat, birds-eye perspective.

What does this project shows and highlight?

In this series the photographer Henry Hargreaves re-creates notable last meals of death row inmates; past and present. The meals shown in this series are visually gripping and powerful, showing the meal, a small description of what is included and a brief description of the subject and the crime they were convicted off.

The sense of repetition of the way the image have been framed makes for a common link within all of the images, the most obvious link is that they are all a representation of a person’s last meal. Regardless  of how obscure, mad or even simple the meal may be, the viewer is forced to recognize by this pattern that the meals are all ‘last meals’ and that all of the images therefore represent a certain sense of finality. The title ‘No Seconds’ serves to re-establish this idea in a very clear way. In many ways this breaks the complication and chaos of such a controversial topic, examining its key principles and raw details.

Suspense is a key aspect in what makes this series effective. Every one of the images leaves a sense of impending death, especially through the use of notes which clarify the context of the situation and an insight into the method of the execution. This small amount of contextual information, combined with the image is very effective in affirming a mini-narrative within the viewers’ mind.

I find this series to be extremely power because it captures a very serious and controversial subject, the death penalty. Many photographers and documentary makers in the past have touched upon this subject, whether pro and against the idea. Work in this field in often very similar, looking at the facilities of the place, perhaps the subject and few of the staff and the general theme of the impending execution. What Hargreaves has touched on however is a little bit different to what is expected. He has simplified this theme greatly by concentrating on one particular aspects alone – the last meal.

I believe that this simple focus is extremely powerful because it is open to many different interpretations….

  • On one hand the topic can be interpreted as a simply the crying personality of the inmates, usually crying out in eccentricity and tortured self-expression as they face their last ever meal on earth.
  • On the other hand it perhaps serves as a debate of what rights a death -row inmate has – if they have commit horrific and barbaric crimes should they indeed even have the luxury of choosing, an at times simply absurd and totally chaotic meal.
  • Another interpolation may even extend to a poetic look into a ethics of the death penalty, the flip side of the prior argument through which the finite and finality of a  last meal is simply an example of humanities cruelty to put to death an individual, regardless  of their crimes and what they have done.

In many cases, because of the simplicity of the project, the Hargreaves leaves ideas concerning to the intent behind the project open to the interpretation of the viewer. Regardless of the conclusions the viewer draws from studying this series, the important consideration is that the series invites the viewer to consider and perhaps re-examine their own views of the death penalty.

How might this series help my own work?

Studying this project has been useful because I have gained a greater understanding of the steps and methods to take in order to create a ‘controlled photograph’. Furthermore I have gained a sense of understanding about how simplicity is key to making such images appear powerful because they show the food its rawest detail, thus   representing a sens of vulnerability for whatever purpose this may serve, in my case stripping back the hype and glittering nature associated with classic ‘promotional images’ which so often appear in advertising.

Furthermore, this particular series has given me the inspiration to juxtapose my ‘raw’ images on uncooked and freshly sourced Jersey produce done in a Martin Parr style manner, which slightly more attractive an appealing images of cooked and well presented food on a plate, done in exactly the same way as Henry Hargreaves. In such images I will like Hargreaves, include basic background context of the product, supplier, amount and cost. In my photo-book I will include a section by which my Parr like images on the left directly contrast with the style of Hargreaves, thus showing a contrast of interpretation and furthermore highlighting my ability to experiment and alternate with different styles. I hope that this will add an extra dimension to my project and visually will be of interest to the viewer.

Artist Reference | Mary Ellen Mark

Mary Ellen Mark was an American photographer best known for her documentary photography and photojournalism. She passed away in May last year (2015). Mark often photographed those who weren’t in mainstream society. Some of her best work was Streetwise and Ward 81. Mark has had 18 collections of her work published. Her work has also been exhibited at galleries and museums worldwide and also widely published in Rolling Stone, Vanity Fair and The New Yorker. She was also a member of Magnum Photos between 1977 and 1981. One particular body of work of hers that I am interested in is entitled Ward 81 and is a documentary series taken in a mental asylum. I want to look into Mark’s work for research to get some inspiration for the staged images that I am going to make based around lunacy. I think that this will be a great way to get to know some of the mannerisms of those facing mental illness and how I should re-stage and act in my own photographs.

Mary Ellen Mark website: http://www.maryellenmark.com

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I find Mark’s Ward 81 images really interesting as it shows the everyday lives of those living with mental illness. I find her way of documenting very raw but some part of me wonders whether or not some of the images have been staged. For example one where a woman it lying down on her bed, it looks as though Mark could have told her to lay there but then again she may have actually been already there when Mark came across her. I find her images very gripping and want to look through each one carefully to really see all of the details in her images. I like that she makes all of her image black and white as it really allows the spectator to focus in on the subject and look at what they are doing, their facial expressions and their mannerisms rather than being distracted by colours within the rooms or objects in the background.

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This image stood out the most to me when looking through Mark’s Ward 81 photographs. It is almost unsettling to look at as the subject is staring into the camera. She looks slightly angry or that she is just sat curled up and Mark came in and made a photo of her that she didn’t particularly want taken of her. The subjects position interests me as she is holding in tight sat on a chair, she looks almost uninterested in what Mark is doing but I also get the impression that she doesn’t like that she is being photographed. Something that I noticed when looking at this image was the framed photo of possibly the woman’s daughters. At first glance I feel that the spectator would just look at the woman and her facial expression and feel slightly uncomfortable but when you look at the image closer you are able to see the little details within the photograph such as the framed photo. The background of the images looks like some sort of radiator that is blocking a rectangular hole in the wall leading to another room. This makes me think that possibly the asylum could not afford a heater in ever room and so residents would have to share with one another.

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This image also caught my attention as it is so strange. The subject is posing for the camera in a very odd position. It looks as though she has lost one of her arms or she could have possibly got it in the main area of her shirt. I find Mark’s images powerful with the fact that the subject is often looking directly into the camera. Unlike other documentary style photographs the subjects are looking directly into the camera and are very aware that it is there, they almost play up for the camera. Usually in documentary shoots, I find, that subjects aren’t looking at the camera and it more contains candid photos. I do like how Mark’s subjects address the camera and allows the spectator into their world, making them feel more a part of their environment. The subject in this photograph has a cigarette hanging out of her mouth but it isn’t lit, it looks strange to me. This image makes me kind of uncomfortable as the subject looks so odd staring directly into the camera and the way she has positioned herself too.

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I chose this image again because one of the subjects is looking directly into the camera, almost addressing the spectator. The woman on the left looks slightly cross-eyed as one eye is looking directly into the camera while the other is looking slightly off. I also find it interesting how the woman on the right is sat just watching the other woman. I again wonder whether or not this image is staged or whether she actually asked to make a photograph of them and this was their genuine response. My eyes naturally gravitate towards what is on the table and it looks as though there is records, a brush and that possibly these women are passing the time by cleaning them up or something. I like this image as it is very strong and does stand out to me, the characters in Mark’s work really interest me and I want to learn more about them, their story and why they are in the asylum. Each characters/subjects facial expression is different and they seem to pose in very different ways.