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My Book:

Here are the print-screens that show my final book for this exam. The title of it, is slightly different from the one in my personal study essay. I have printed this as a standard A4 size, in a lanscape fashion.

I left my personal study at the end, so that the receiver’s focus was solely on the pictures.

Overall, I am please with the outcome and think that the sized of images was evenly varied. Next time, I’d probably include some sub-headings and be more careful with the placing of photographs, as in one of my double-page spreads a man’s face is less visible.

book screen grab 1 book screen grab 2 book screen grab 3

The importance of light:

DSC2369

  • Without light there wouldn’t be photography. I think that the choice of lighting is crucial to creating a mood in a picture. It can convey different meanings and effects.

 

Directional Lighting:

directional lighting diagram with labels
directional lighting diagram with labels
directional lighting explained
directional lighting explained

This refers to the way in which lighting is directed to the subject, so that it’s effectively captured on the camera. The light can be either hard of soft.

  • http://www.lighting-essentials.com/category/lighting-2/

Soft Vs. Hard Lighting/ Overview:

Side-Lighting-in-photography-2
hard lighting
window_lighting_photography_11
soft lighting

Soft lighting is natural, it comes from the sun. The tones, shades and colors that show up depend on the weather conditions. For instance, on a sunny day, the lighting might be yellower and on a misty day the natural light may be whiter.

 

Low-lighting:

There are many problems with low-lighting. It can cause

http://www.howtostartphotography.com/surprising-skill-many-wedding-photographers-overlook/

personal study – what i learnt from my investigation:

Artistic styles 

I learnt how two different artists worked and responded to their environment. I found that each had a different style and influence, which depended on their backgrounds and upbringings. This enabled me to get an understanding on their creative methods and it inspired my work.

 

The following tips were taken from a website:

USE:

A report of lessons learned should address some key issues:

  • Assessment of goals and objectives
  • Identification of activities or areas needing additional effort
  • Identification of effective activities or strategies
  • Comparison of costs and results of different activities
  • Assessment of the roles of organizations in the project and the interactions among the organizations

To assess goals and objectives, consider these questions:

  • Were the program objectives appropriate for the program goals?
  • Were the objectives met?
  • Does any new information about the health issue need to be incorporated into the program messages or design?

To determine areas where additional effort is needed, consider these questions:

  • Were any objectives unmet?
  • Were any strategies or activities unsuccessful?
  • To identify effective activities or strategies, consider these questions:
  • Were some objectives met as a result of successful activities?
  • Should these activities be continued, renewed, and strengthened?
  • Can these activities be expanded to apply to other audiences or situations?

To compare costs and results of different activities, consider these questions:

  • What were the relative costs (including staff time) and results of different aspects of your program?
  • Did some activities appear to work as well as others but cost less?

To assess the roles of organizations in the project and the way that these organizations worked together, consider these questions:

  • Did any conflicts of organizational agendas or operating styles occur?
  • How did the timing of the program coordinate with the different organizations involved?

personal study – final draft:

Personal Study – Photography

Question: Can the place where someone lives, change their overall outlook on life?

Introduction

“If you wake up in a different time, in a different place, could you wake up as a different person?” – Tyler Durden. In this personal study I would like to focus on two different places and discover if they have affected my family and the locals. Since I was born in Jersey and have many family members from Madeira; I’ve always had conflicting ideals about these two worlds. I believe that my ancestors and other natives greatly prefer Madeira and I can notice it in their expressions. They seem happy, lively and at peace with the world. Most of my family have immigrated to Jersey, assumedly looking for better job opportunities and stability in life. However, I think that they still hold the thought of wanting to return to their hometown deeply within their heart: “When you finally go back to your old home, you find it wasn’t the old home you missed but your childhood.” – Sam Ewing. Personally, I feel that Jersey is quite draining, mainly due to visual aspects. For me, I prefer to be surrounded by liveliness and nature. Therefore, I want to find out if the: environment, culture, memories, etc., affect the way in which people in Jersey and Madeira feel and act. Also, if true happiness is determined by the place in which you live: “Paradise is not a place it’s a state of mind.” – Frank Sonnenburg. In my previous studies I looked at: street photography, photojournalism and landscapes; which I enjoyed and want to further explore in my personal study. In order to develop from my previous coursework, I’ll have to get a good variety of outcomes and capture more people in my frames. In Photoshop, I want to experiment with black and white filters, magenta and other general edits such as: curves, brightness and contrast, vibrancy, etc.

  1. Jersey and Madeira

Firstly, I’d like to discuss if the two European islands affect people differently. The way that someone feels about a place has a lot to do with the connection that they make in it; be it negative or positive. In turn, this memory is crucial as it affects our reactions and perspectives of a location. The first photographer that I’ll be analysing is Sebastião Salgado. The Brazilian documentary photographer has travelled the globe searching for the most exquisite moments. His books Genesis and Migrations intrigued me a lot. Sebastião makes environmental links in his photography. I think that he aims to show the beauty of nature and preserve it in his shots: “Nature is the earth and it is other beings and if we don’t have some kind of spiritual return to our planet, I fear that we will be compromised.” Although most of the world’s environment had been ruined, Salgado’s quest aims to show pure scenery that I believe we should strive to maintain. In turn, I assume that the viewers will be enchanted by the unspoilt planet depicted and try to change the circumstances; since every human is dependent on oxygen from plants. I highly believe that us as human are happier living in an undisturbed land. For me, rural areas have little destruction and more tranquillity. If he were to document urbanized cultures, for instance with modern technology, I assume that the audience wouldn’t be as shocked, since they are already accustomed to these situations. However, Salgado’s meaningful book depicts his appreciation for untouched areas and depicts humans in less fortunate conditions such as those who live in poverty. Their culture and way of life is completely different from developed places; nonetheless, I feel that they are more connected to each other and to their environment because of where they live. Maybe they have a peaceful connection to the island. I feel so amazingly great knowing that I can escape and immerse myself in the natural world; it provides me with a true sense of humbleness and belonging to all life forms; whilst reducing my stress. This same effect possibly occurs to others, depending on their living locations. As the environmentalist John Muir says: “Going to the woods is going home; for I suppose we came from the woods originally.” Furthermore, I agree with the BBC researcher Anna Gislen in saying: “You want to help keep people safe and give them the best parts of modern culture, but in doing so they lose their own culture.” I think that people’s surroundings can impact their way of life, emotions and thoughts. Moving on, I think that the classic black and white filters that Salgado uses exude a timeless effect. I believe that this allows for the audience to focus less on the aesthetical qualities of the photograph and more on the raw feelings that are portrayed. He was influenced by Lewis Hine and other that had sullen and bold contrasts of black and white. Subsequently, this filter is also more dramatic, which may increase the importance of the message. He stated: “What people have is a way of photographing what’s inside them”, therefore their history. His past was economics and so I believe that this fuelled his future topics in photography.

2. Adapting to differences

New places can bring new feelings and I believe that deep down no one likes change. My family decided to immigrate to Jersey a long time ago and have been living here ever since. Thanks to their link with other Portuguese people which have moved here; they were able to find out about the island. The alterations from their hometown are immensely diverse. Jersey is a much more technologically advanced region. The modern culture is quite advanced compared to Madeira. This leads me to introduce a second photographer who looks at developed, unconventional and industrialised places. He captures present time moments. “Don’t shoot what it looks like. Shoot what it feels like”, stated David Alan-Harvey. This signifies that his work is all about containing emotions that can be translated by the audience into a certain meaning. I believe that the subjects in documentary photographer’s work emulate those in Jersey. I was interested in his study of work called ‘Living Proof’, which displays a current day view on updated society. He stated that in photography: “there are no barriers” and questions “can we even capture what we feel in a photograph?” In my view, Harvey’s work connects to Salgado as his work builds on social interactions between humans and the environment. I highly believe that the social, political and economic differences from the two islands and photographers differ. This created new opportunities in the working world. However, the industrialisation and high-tech technology has a lot of negative aspects. I believe that my family and some locals can become isolated, stresses and depressed because of their surroundings. To me, it doesn’t make sense to live in an area surrounded by concrete walls and fake materials. I think that our lives should be plentiful of nature and fresh air, instead of polluting fumes and unnecessary towers. Harvey’s photographs show many scenes with social interactions. He uses colourful, vibrant and saturated filters, which make a pop and grab my attention. Harvey captures his subjects in busy situations, and I find that his frames are always full and exciting. I believe that Harvey integrates himself amongst his subjects and shoots from their perspective. I personally don’t believe that the pictures have much of a physical impact on the world, apart from making them aware of the ever-growing circumstances that occur. In this series, he portrays the addictive side of our society and depicts pleasures that money can buy. David Alan Harvey grew up in a developed and populated city. He has some similarities to Sebastiao Salgado but also some differences. Their medium is the same, in that they both are documentary photographers. However, their subjects of interest and messages that they want to convey to the world are worlds apart. Typically, I think that Harvey shows the diversity of up-to-date surroundings and how it’s possible to enjoy it and have fun. Nevertheless, in the majority of photographs the people seem sad, which always brings me back to the question; does the location matter and what are the effects on our life ambitions? Culture is an integral part of our lives.

3. Genre of documentary

As a final topic, I’ll be discussing the comparisons, contrasts and connections between Salgado and Harvey’s documentary photography. Also if their styles and chosen locations are due to their past experiences and knowledge. Personally, I believe that documentary photography is always set up, no matter how little you tamper with the situations. I think that a picture becomes documentation, at the precise moment that the camera snaps. Both Salgado and Harvey create contemporary photography; which portray a chronicle or an account. However, I think that Harvey’s documentary photography is more abstract due to the way in which he photographs. For instance in the use of unusual angles that sometimes frame the picture. Harvey uses bright colours and states: “Most of the pictures that I make are personal pictures and never end up in print.” For me, this effect portrays some meaning, but not too much, therefore I believe that his depictions are quite self-explanatory. Oppositely, the distinctive characteristics in Salgado’s pictures create a variety of associations and make me question them on a philosophical level.

Conclusion

To conclude, I have produced photographs from both of the European islands. These demonstrate the significant differences in the cultures behaviours and environment of these locations. In Madeira I took pictures whilst emulating Sebastião Salgado’s work; this meant that I took many landscapes of natural land and local people. For Jersey I gained inspiration from David Alan Harvey. I tried to respond to their work by photographing in a similar style. Experimenting with black and white filters was most suitable for my responses on Salgado’s work. On the other hand, I reinforced brighter colours into my work that emulated Harvey’s. Throughout this investigation, I learnt many things. I gained an understanding for the different locations that photographers depict and how they can impact people. I also explored how the contrasts of modern and old things can change the way in which we view the world and our life choices. I also touched upon culture and how the different photographers view their craft. Additionally, I considered many negatives, positives and connections in my work. I believe that Salgado’s work was the most influential as it inspired me to want to maintain the environment pristine. Harvey’s photograph’s allowed me to admire modern culture and experience it through the lens. His work was equally creative but his documentary style demonstrated differences to Salgado’s. Personally, I would love to live in an uninhabited and cultural place like Salgado depicts. Therefore, like others my desire to live there is so great that I believe it would positively impact my life, emotions and views. However, I would want to avoid the certain situations shown in Harvey’s images as I think that they are negative influences in my life. To summarise, each person has a different mind-set on which type of location best suits them, however it is possible to disregard the circumstances and live happily. For instance, my grandmother was born in Madeira and after living in Jersey then returning home she still states that: “I prefer to live in Jersey.” Some of my questions have been left unanswered as there is no straight response. For my outcomes, I chose photographs that inhabited strong focal points and had texture and depth to them. Particularly in street photography, I picked ones with the most meaningful expressions that caught my eye.

Bibliography

personal study – conclusion and bibliography

4. Conclusion:

To conclude, I have produced photographs from both of the European islands. These demonstrate the significant differences in the cultures behaviours and environment of these locations. In Madeira I took pictures whilst emulating Sebastião Salgado’s work; this meant that I took many landscapes of natural land and local people. For Jersey I gained inspiration from David Alan Harvey. I tried to respond to their work by photographing in a similar style. Experimenting with black and white filters was most suitable for my responses on Salgado’s work. On the other hand, I reinforced brighter colours into my work that emulated Harvey’s. Throughout this investigation, I learnt many things. I gained an understanding for the different locations that photographers depict and how they can impact people. I also explored how the contrasts of modern and old things can change the way in which we view the world and our life choices. I also touched upon culture and how the different photographers view their craft. Additionally, I considered many negatives, positives and connections in my work. I believe that Salgado’s work was the most influential as it inspired me to want to maintain the environment pristine. Harvey’s photograph’s allowed me to admire modern culture and experience it through the lens. His work was equally creative but his documentary style demonstrated differences to Salgado’s. Personally, I would love to live in an uninhabited and cultural place like Salgado depicts. Therefore, like others my desire to live there is so great that I believe it would positively impact my life, emotions and views. However, I would want to avoid the certain situations shown in Harvey’s images as I think that they are negative influences in my life. To summarise, each person has a different mind-set on which type of location best suits them, however it is possible to disregard the circumstances and live happily. For instance, my grandmother was born in Madeira and after living in Jersey then returning home she still states that: “I prefer to live in Jersey.” Some of my questions have been left unanswered as there is no straight response. For my outcomes, I chose photographs that inhabited strong focal points and had texture and depth to them. Particularly in street photography, I picked ones with the most meaningful expressions that caught my eye.

5. Bibliography:

personal study – 2nd and 3rd paragraphs

2. Adapting to differences:

New places can bring new feelings and I believe that deep down no one likes change. My family decided to immigrate to Jersey a long time ago and have been living here ever since. Thanks to their link with other Portuguese people which have moved here; they were able to find out about the island. The alterations from their hometown are immensely diverse. Jersey is a much more technologically advanced region. The modern culture is quite advanced compared to Madeira. This leads me to introduce a second photographer who looks at developed, unconventional and industrialised places. He captures present time moments. “Don’t shoot what it looks like. Shoot what it feels like”, stated David Alan-Harvey. This signifies that his work is all about containing emotions that can be translated by the audience into a certain meaning. I believe that the subjects in documentary photographer’s work emulate those in Jersey. I was interested in his study of work called ‘Living Proof’, which displays a current day view on updated society. He stated that in photography: “there are no barriers” and questions “can we even capture what we feel in a photograph?” In my view, Harvey’s work connects to Salgado as his work builds on social interactions between humans and the environment. I highly believe that the social, political and economic differences from the two islands and photographers differ. This created new opportunities in the working world. However, the industrialisation and high-tech technology has a lot of negative aspects. I believe that my family and some locals can become isolated, stresses and depressed because of their surroundings. To me, it doesn’t make sense to live in an area surrounded by concrete walls and fake materials. I think that our lives should be plentiful of nature and fresh air, instead of polluting fumes and unnecessary towers. Harvey’s photographs show many scenes with social interactions. He uses colourful, vibrant and saturated filters, which make a pop and grab my attention. Harvey captures his subjects in busy situations, and I find that his frames are always full and exciting. I believe that Harvey integrates himself amongst his subjects and shoots from their perspective. I personally don’t believe that the pictures have much of a physical impact on the world, apart from making them aware of the ever-growing circumstances that occur. In this series, he portrays the addictive side of our society and depicts pleasures that money can buy. David Alan Harvey grew up in a developed and populated city. He has some similarities to Sebastiao Salgado but also some differences. Their medium is the same, in that they both are documentary photographers. However, their subjects of interest and messages that they want to convey to the world are worlds apart. Typically, I think that Harvey shows the diversity of up-to-date surroundings and how it’s possible to enjoy it and have fun. Nevertheless, in the majority of photographs the people seem sad, which always brings me back to the question; does the location matter and what are the effects on our life ambitions? Culture is an integral part of our lives.

3. Genre of documentary:

As a final topic, I’ll be discussing the comparisons, contrasts and connections between Salgado and Harvey’s documentary photography. Also if their styles and chosen locations are due to their past experiences and knowledge. Personally, I believe that documentary photography is always set up, no matter how little you tamper with the situations. I think that a picture becomes documentation, at the precise moment that the camera snaps. Both Salgado and Harvey create contemporary photography; which portray a chronicle or an account. However, I think that Harvey’s documentary photography is more abstract due to the way in which he photographs. For instance in the use of unusual angles that sometimes frame the picture. Harvey uses bright colours and states: “Most of the pictures that I make are personal pictures and never end up in print.” For me, this effect portrays some meaning, but not too much, therefore I believe that his depictions are quite self-explanatory. Oppositely, the distinctive characteristics in Salgado’s pictures create a variety of associations and make me question them on a philosophical level.

personal study – introduction and 1st pargraph

Personal Study – Photography

Question: Can the place where someone lives, change their overall outlook on life?

Introduction:

“If you wake up in a different time, in a different place, could you wake up as a different person?” – Tyler Durden. In this personal study I would like to focus on two different places and discover if they have affected my family and the locals. Since I was born in Jersey and have many family members from Madeira; I’ve always had conflicting ideals about these two worlds. I believe that my ancestors and other natives greatly prefer Madeira and I can notice it in their expressions. They seem happy, lively and at peace with the world. Most of my family have immigrated to Jersey, assumedly looking for better job opportunities and stability in life. However, I think that they still hold the thought of wanting to return to their hometown deeply within their heart: “When you finally go back to your old home, you find it wasn’t the old home you missed but your childhood.” – Sam Ewing. Personally, I feel that Jersey is quite draining, mainly due to visual aspects. For me, I prefer to be surrounded by liveliness and nature. Therefore, I want to find out if the: environment, culture, memories, etc., affect the way in which people in Jersey and Madeira feel and act. Also, if true happiness is determined by the place in which you live: “Paradise is not a place it’s a state of mind.” – Frank Sonnenburg. In my previous studies I looked at: street photography, photojournalism and landscapes; which I enjoyed and want to further explore in my personal study. In order to develop from my previous coursework, I’ll have to get a good variety of outcomes and capture more people in my frames. In Photoshop, I want to experiment with black and white filters, magenta and other general edits such as: curves, brightness and contrast, vibrancy, etc.

  1. Jersey and Madeira:

Firstly, I’d like to discuss if the two European islands affect people differently. The way that someone feels about a place has a lot to do with the connection that they make in it; be it negative or positive. In turn, this memory is crucial as it affects our reactions and perspectives of a location. The first photographer that I’ll be analysing is Sebastião Salgado. The Brazilian documentary photographer has travelled the globe searching for the most exquisite moments. His books Genesis and Migrations intrigued me a lot. Sebastião makes environmental links in his photography. I think that he aims to show the beauty of nature and preserve it in his shots: “Nature is the earth and it is other beings and if we don’t have some kind of spiritual return to our planet, I fear that we will be compromised.” Although most of the world’s environment had been ruined, Salgado’s quest aims to show pure scenery that I believe we should strive to maintain. In turn, I assume that the viewers will be enchanted by the unspoilt planet depicted and try to change the circumstances; since every human is dependent on oxygen from plants. I highly believe that us as human are happier living in an undisturbed land. For me, rural areas have little destruction and more tranquillity. If he were to document urbanized cultures, for instance with modern technology, I assume that the audience wouldn’t be as shocked, since they are already accustomed to these situations. However, Salgado’s meaningful book depicts his appreciation for untouched areas and depicts humans in less fortunate conditions such as those who live in poverty. Their culture and way of life is completely different from developed places; nonetheless, I feel that they are more connected to each other and to their environment because of where they live. Maybe they have a peaceful connection to the island. I feel so amazingly great knowing that I can escape and immerse myself in the natural world; it provides me with a true sense of humbleness and belonging to all life forms; whilst reducing my stress. This same effect possibly occurs to others, depending on their living locations. As the environmentalist John Muir says: “Going to the woods is going home; for I suppose we came from the woods originally.” Furthermore, I agree with the BBC researcher Anna Gislen in saying: “You want to help keep people safe and give them the best parts of modern culture, but in doing so they lose their own culture.” I think that people’s surroundings can impact their way of life, emotions and thoughts. Moving on, I think that the classic black and white filters that Salgado uses exude a timeless effect. I believe that this allows for the audience to focus less on the aesthetical qualities of the photograph and more on the raw feelings that are portrayed. He was influenced by Lewis Hine and other that had sullen and bold contrasts of black and white. Subsequently, this filter is also more dramatic, which may increase the importance of the message. He stated: “What people have is a way of photographing what’s inside them”, therefore their history. His past was economics and so I believe that this fuelled his future topics in photography.

Evaluation of my Photo-Sequencing

Summary

The making process of my photo-book has been a challenging but enjoyable experience. The end product is that I have successfully designed a hand-made photo-book, printing off my photographs and placing them in a traditional photo-album I brought.

This process has required a large amount of work and effort. I will now evaluate the end result and refer to the stages and thought-processes behind this finished product.

Sequencing of my Photo-Book
IMG_0423

The sequencing design I have gone for is based on slowly building up context to my story; starting off slowly and revealing more clues as I go along.

I have started off with a very simple front cover by keeping the original brown cover as it is; not adapting or changing anything. I have done this because I want to images to speak for themselves, and to establish a degree of subtly straight away.

To further this sense of intrigue I have placed my images in a cardboard folder, usually used for storing paper documents. This idea was influenced by a similar designed evoked by Martin Parr in ‘Life’s a Beach’ in which he placed his photo-book in a cardboard style folder. I like this feature because it adds a sense of playfulness to my book – it is interactive and emphasizes the photo-book as an object in itself, to be significant.

IMG_0424

For the first part of my story I wanted to address immediately the theme of absence. To explore this idea in a subtle way I decided to put photo-corners into the first page of the story – which I have then taken out, leaving a page with photo-corners but with no photograph inside. My thought process behind such an idea is that the empty pages serve as a metaphor for the fact my Grandfather, who is the basis behind the story, cannot be photographed, and cannot therefore exist in any of my photographs. This sets up the idea therefore that  the images within the book are somehow all connected to this absence, telling a story about something which isn’t there. Like Toropstov’s work therefore, mine is very much a journey of discovery.

IMG_0425

I did not mention at the start of my photo-book that my Grandfather was no longer alive, nor do I even suggest that the story is based on him. This is because it will make it easier to build-up a narrative slowly and overtime, without giving anything away. The first two images of the narrative start to suggest the story is based around my Grandparents; the left-hand image is a old archival image and I have included the caption “my Grandparents wedding day – 1949”. The right-hand image is a close-up of my Grandmother holding her wedding ring  (which she wore when she was married to my Grandfather. The fact she is holding the ring does subtly imply the fact my Grandfather is no longer alive, a symbol of something which is no longer here; a object which connects to the past.

IMG_0426

The fifth page of my story –  consisting of two images on one page – relates to my Grandfather in a symbolic way. The images are of his shed in the back of my Grandma’s Garden, and the still-life is of the tools which he would have used. This use of symbolism is one of the main ways in which I have been able to replicate a sense of his presence. This use of symbolism extends the degree of intrigue behind the story because the viewer will not yet be able to fit. On the next page however, I have included the caption “Sommerleigh House, St. Peter. Where my Granddad grew up.”. This will invite the suggestion that there is a link between my Grandfather with page 5, and well as an implication of his presence throughout the entire story.

IMG_0427

For the next couple of pages I continued this process of taking candid images reflecting my journey of discovery; photographing my Grandma, her garden and the gates to the graveyard where my Grandfather is buried. The light-switch is a key point in breaking up the narrative, as immediately on the following page, I have jumped away from the present time line and to some degree theme, by including an archival image of my Dad. This begins a smalls break in the narrative of two images,one of a watch and one taken of the moon late a night, the latter in particular reflecting not reality but instead a state of mind.

 

IMG_0428

I would also consider these two pages as key images because they are very poetic images, designed to represent the the perspective of my Grandmother, photographing things that she would view going about her everyday activities. I have again connected my Granddad directly by including the caption, “Your Granddad served in WWII as a navigator for the RAF. He never spoke much about it”. This continues the viewers gradual introduction to my Granddad. On the following page a similar reflection can be shown, through an image of a Masai Mara statue and I have included a caption through which my Grandmother discusses her view of the time the family spent in Kenya. during the 1980s

IMG_0429

To again break the flow in the narrative, I have included five landscape images of the scenery of St Ouens. These images don’t show anything in particular and are more-so metaphors for the journey I have taken. In a way I think they represent my state of mind and mood when making this photo-book. As they don’t really represent anything they therefore have quite a low intensity and thus provide a nice break before the ending of my narrative.

IMG_0430

The penultimate image of the photo-book is one of my Grandparents in their Salvation Army uniform. My Granddad was nearing the end of his life by point and it is one of last photos ever taken of him. Even by this point I have not yet mentioned my Granddad is no longer alive, although his absence implies this. In this image I have included the caption “We planned to retire in 1986. Your Granddad wanted to visit his Brother Frank, in Australia”

 

IMG_0431

On the next page/final image I wanted the image of both my Grandparents in their uniform on the last page to contrast directly with this one – emphasizing the fact he is no longer here. I feel that this image is an extremely powerful image because it emphasizes the fact my Grandmother is still part of the Salvation Army, but is now doing so alone. The simple caption explaining that my Granddad died in 1985 aged 63, finalizes the narrative and clarify his absence. I felt that relating this caption with the image of my Grandmother alone, emphasizes the reality of this situation.