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Standards and Ethics in Documentary Photography

Photographers actually have a code of ethics when making documentary photos. This mostly consists of photographers not taking advantage of a staged photo opportunity. This is only for photojournalists as they are simply supposed to be bare witness and should not manipulate the scene to make for a more interesting and visually pleasing image. I think that this is the best concept for photojournalists as they shouldn’t manipulate the truth as it is news reporting and will be shown across the world as fact. I believe that this method of photojournalism is important to be followed and agreed upon in the photographic world. I think that this code of ethics does not apply to documentary photography in itself as I think that photographers are able to make stronger images if they are able to slightly manipulate and remould the way the photograph is going to turn out. Documentary photographers are able to collaborate with their subject in order to make great images, like asking them to look directly at the screen emotionless. Photographers are able to send out a message to the world and to challenge spectators views on different issues including, political, social and economic ones. For me tableaux photography has no limits and no rules, it is completely staged and the photographer has complete control. Here photographers are able to freely express themselves often with hidden meaning that includes the political, social and economic meanings behind them.

Agreement made by photojournalists:   https://nppa.org/code_of_ethics

I believe that there is a certain point in documentary photography where it can all become too real in that the photographer might be photographing during a war and suddenly they come across a soldier covered in blood. The question is should they make the photograph or should they try and help them? There has always been a lot of controversy with this topic but for me I believe that taking that one photograph can change the world. The photographer doesn’t need to make the photograph and walk away as if there is nothing going on, they have the opportunity to share the torment and the troubles that these individuals go through in order to reach a broader audience. It is one thing to hear someone say that a small child was washed up on the shore but it is another to actually see it. These kind of documentary photos really put your own life into perspective, they provoke change making more and more people want to go out and help whether that be raising money or changing who they vote for or even going out to that country and personally helping those in need. So yes I think that that photo should be taken because through that single image we as a society are able to provoke change in the way people think. Spectators will see these hard hitting images and want to make change. Without these images we wouldn’t be able to really visualise what others across the world are going through. These types of images may anger people and make them wonder why someone who make an image rather than help a person but ultimately they will be the ones getting the message out and getting more people to help.

The link below is from a photography competition. The photographer used a drone with a camera attached to this to make these images, they are supposed to represent the drones that the US send out intelligent airstrikes in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia. These attacks have been going on since 2002 and have resulted in large numbers of fatalities, this includes hundreds of civilians. These images were made across the US that are usual airstrike locations and events abroad [funerals, groups of people exercising or praying and weddings]. This photographer made these images to get the message across to the US of what they are doing to average and innocent civilians in their own country doing their own thing. This reminds me of the image of the young girl with her clothing burned off by the acid bomb attack America made on Japan, but more this image reminds me of the Banksy version of that photograph.

Banksy’s image is world known and really sends out a message to the rest of the world as this young girl is crying and screaming as her clothes and skin are being burned she is holding hands with Mickey Mouse and Ronald Mcdonald who are known to the world as American ‘icons’ in that people would associate them with America. I think that this is a very strong image and makes the spectator rethink and understand that what the US was doing was affecting innocent civilians and not the people that it was actually aiming for. This is where Tomas Van Houtryve’s work ties in as he is showing that the places that he has photographed with a small drone and his camera attached to it is what the US is attacking in other countries. It doesn’t make sense and is constantly effecting innocent civilians lives. I think that these images are very strong as the shadows on a lot of the images are so huge and the people are so little, I like that it has a political meaning behind it in the hopes for change and for America to stop ruining innocent lives as the places the US has and is bombing are the places that many Americans enjoy everyday of their lives and do not know what it feels like to feel that they cannot express themselves or go to pray in the fear that they will be killed by US airstrikes.

Thomas Van Houtryve work: http://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2015/contemporary-issues/tomas-van-houtryve

Tom Pope Exhibition

On Friday 25th September our group went down to the old police station in town to see Tom’s exhibition. This was interesting to go and see as we have worked with him on a workshop earlier in the year as well as going to France for the day with him and the Archisle people to explore performance photography. Here we were able to express ourselves in the public eye, this was fun and we got to see what it was like to be a performance photographer like Tom Pope. Most of Pope’s work is based on weak anarchy that he has already explored, as seen on his blog. Pope wants to challenge the way people think and to challenge authority by doing things that aren’t necessarily illegal but they are deemed as unacceptable. I think that this is a vey interesting concept and think that Pope can work with so much for this too.

Pope’s Weak Anarchy: http://www.tompope.co.uk/weakanarchy.html

Pope’s Archive Exhibition: http://www.tompope.co.uk/iamnottompopeyouarealltompope.html

Tom took us through his exhibition explaining the meaning behind a lot of his work. Most of his work was inspired by John Baldessari as well as using his film camera for his photographs. The best part of the exhibition for me was the room filled with cutout faces of people from the archive. I found this really interesting to go around and look at all of the different people that lived in Jersey at some point throughout history. I think that this was a really great idea as well as Pope taking these cutouts around with him and randomly asking people that he met to wear one so he could make a photograph of them. I thought this was a really great way to spread the archive and get it out and around to the people in Jersey.

John Baldessari

Baldessari Portfolio:  http://www.moma.org/collection/artists/304

Pope was inspired by Baldessari’s work, including his work on throwing a ball up in the air editing it together to make three balls inlined with one another up in the air. This is where Pope did a small workshop with us when we tried to throw oranges at one another and catch it while making a photograph. I think that this was a unique way to respond to Baldessari’s work. In Baldessari’s image it looks as if he was throwing oranges which is where I think Pope gained inspiration for his mini workshop challenge. This was fun and a unique way to make photographs which allowed us to broaden our minds when it came to performance photography as well as just photography in general.

John Baldessari work

Another aspect of Baldessari’s work that has inspired Pope was the specific use of the colour blue. This makes his images stand out and capture the spectators attention straight away as the colour blue is very inviting. Pope applied this to his exhibition using it as a background for the images that were done in threes [like Baldessari’s image of the balls in the sky] and he dropped them onto the table. They fell in their position by chance and Pope changed this everyday for his exhibition so that they would constantly be changing. I found this interesting and fun to look and and try to spot the copies of each photograph from the archive. These images were taken from the archive again to bring it out from where it is hidden, into the public eye and so that as many people as possible are able to see these images.

One particular image that I really liked was titled, Jeffery’s Leap. Here Pope went to a cliff edge, with a wooden board and threw it into the ocean while someone else made the image. Pope went out to the bottom and got the board back. He then printed out the image 12 times to go along with the film camera that he has, Hasselbald, that has 12 exposes. This was interesting as Pope is using old film cameras instead of modern digital ones, meaning that the one photo that is taken at the time is the only one and it has to work straight away because film is very expensive to buy nowadays. Now Pope printed it out 12 times, he drilled a hole and added a bit of string to the board so that he could retrieve it easily when throwing it in. He added one image at a time and screwed it down then throwing it off the cliff and into the ocean. Each time he added another of the same image until all 12 had hit the water. Whatever had happened to them while hitting off rocks and being thrashed about in the ocean was how it was going to look and end up. This was all by chance and whatever the turn out was, was what Pope was going to add to his exhibition. I really liked this part of the exhibition as it was interesting to hear the story behind it as well as it looking really great and standing out almost like it was on a canvas, compared to the rest of the images that were all in orange frames.

 

My Family Archive

After learning about the Jersey photo archive we were assigned the task of looking into our own family archives. I decided to look into my Dad’s photo timeline and trying to collect a selection of photographs showing him through his life.  After looking through mine and my grandparents selection of photographs the earliest photograph I managed to find of my dad was a picture from 7 and a half months old.

I then found some more photographs of my dad’s childhood; School Photographs, when he first got his glasses, pictures of him and his brothers ect.

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IMG_9835 (1) 7 1/2 months old.
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11 months old.
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This is my dad at the age of three, and he is wearing black leather lederhosens.
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My dad considers his getting glasses at the age of 4 1/2 years a big moment in his life.
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This is my dad and his two brothers in their primary school photo at Trinity school. My was 10 years old.
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This is my dad when he first met my mum, he was in his young twenties.
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This is my dad during his travelling years. He often talks about his days when he was travelling the world and see’s it as one of his greatest adventures.
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This is my Dad when he first graduated.
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This is my dad and his side of the family on his wedding day. With his three brother, Parents and and grandmother.
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My Mum and Dad on their wedding day.
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Our first family photo.

Documentary Specification: FAMILY

Looking more into the idea of family, in groups, we were able to come up with some different ideas as to how we’re going to explore the documentary world of family photography. At first it was challenging to get your head round and really think about what family is actually all about but we managed to get quite a few good ideas down. This has helped me to come up with some new ideas for family photography as I think there is more to it than just following around family members for the day.

photog work

Experimentation planning

Over the weekend I am going to make some images of my family as it is my niece’ first birthday. On Sunday we are getting our family and my brother-in-laws family along with some friends too. We are also celebrating my mum’s, brother-in-law’s, my brother-in-laws brother and mothers birthday all on Sunday as each of their birthdays are within days of each other. I think that here I will be able to make some interesting photographs as well as being able to document my niece’ very first birthday. I want to mainly go for action shots within my photographs to make them as real as they possibly can be but I also want to collaborate with some of my family members and get them to look straight into the camera in some of the images with no expression on their faces, a neutral look.

Another idea I had would be to look at old family photographs and remake them or show the change over time and how we no longer look how we once used to. I want to do this as well as make some personal images of items that I have grown up with and love, memories. I think this will be really interesting to do and a fun experiment. I will be doing this throughout the course of the week.

Standards and Ethics in documentary

Contextual Study: Your first task is to describe the genre of documentary photography. In class last Friday we discussed a few issues around aesthetic, moral and ethical considerations when you are  depicting truth, recording life as it as and using your camera as a witness. We used current news images as case studies, such as the drowned Syrian boy (read article here) and to continue the debate I would like you to read the following articles when you are considering writing your response to the task on documentary photography.

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Visitors at the Visa Pour l’Image festival in Perpignan, France, where a searching debate about the ethics of photojournalism is unfolding.

Currently, the International Festival of Photojournalism, Visa Pour L’Image is in Perpignan (South France) where a debate about ‘Standards and Ethics’ in photojournalism is raging. Here is an article published in New York Times yesterday which features different views on how much manipulation is acceptable in making images when you consider yourself a photojournalist. The debate is between staged photography and photojournalism claim to only bear witness.

Task 1: Read the article carefully, especially the views expressed by festival director, Jean-François Leroy, Lars Boering, Managing Director of World Press Photo and Canadian documentary photographer, Donald Webber who served as the chairman judging the Documentary section at the contest earlier in 2015. Consider the questions below and write a paragraph or two where you try and include direct quotes from the article and comment in your own words as a response. For further context, make sure you follow hyperlinks in the article to take you to other sites and comments.

Q1: Who sets the boundaries of what defines photojournalism?
Q2: When technology makes it so easy to manipulate images, how much manipulation is acceptable?
Q3: With viewers more sophisticated and skeptical than ever before, how can photojournalists preserve their integrity and maintain trust?

Link to NPPA (National Press Photographer’s Association) Code of Ethics. Compare views expressed in the article above with these.

Link to article about the photographer who took the photos of the dead Syrian boy where she speaks about why she took them.

Link to Visa Pour L’Image Festival website

Link to World Press Photo

Link to video where Donald Webber discusses judging images in last year’s World Press Photo contest

Link to article about controversial images made by Giovanni Trioli at this years World Press Photo context

Link to Giovanni Trioli’s website

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A photograph that was part of a winning package at the World Press Photo awards. The image, of an intimate scene in Charleroi, Belgium, came under scrutiny over whether it broke contest rules. Credit Giovanni Troil
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From La Ville Noire by Giovanni Troil

Last week we also discussed if photographs can change the world. Again we looked at a few examples, notably Nick Ut’s famous image from the Vietnam War.

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Vietnam Napalm 1972 South Vietnamese forces follow after terrified children, including 9-year-old Kim Phuc, center, as they run down Route 1 near Trang Bang after an aerial napalm attack on suspected Viet Cong

Task 2: Consider if photographs can change the world or change people’s perception? Here is a a blog post by photographer and lecturer, Lewis Bush where he discuss the above in light of recent images of dead Syrian refugees in Europe. Include quotes in your answer.

Click here http://www.disphotic.com/photographs-wont-change-the-world/

photographs-wont-change-the-world

 

Explore theme of Family

Objective: Explore theme of Family in Documentary Photography

Blog: Produce a number of posts that show evidence of the following:

1. Contextual study: Describe the genre of documentary photography and illustrate with examples – make a moodboard. Try and elaborate on associated sub-genres such as photojournalism and street photography as well as comment on documentary’s central aesthetic, political and moral associations, such as depicting truth, recording life as it is and camera as a witness. See my blog post Standards and Ethics for more details.

American photographer Alec Soth on his approach in photography

Here is a link to Alec Soth website: http://alecsoth.com/photography/

Interview with Alec Soth in the British Journal of Photography

Photographer Rob Hornstra on documentary, story-telling and slow journalism

Rob Hornstra and writer Arnold van Bruggen spend five years working in the Sochi Region where the 2014 Winter Olympics where held. Here is a link to The Sochi Project

British documentary photographer Chloe Dewe-Matthews

Her website http://www.chloedewemathews.com

Magnum photographer Christopher Anderson on being a documentary photographer

Link to his work and profile on Magnum and his website

2. Artists references: Select at least two photographers who are exploring the theme of family in their work. Select body of works/ personal projects and analyse images in terms of style, form, approach, subject-matter, aesthetics, meaning and what story/message the photographer is trying to communicate.

For example look at the work of photographers such as: Richard Billingham (Ray’s a Laugh), Larry Sultan (Pictures from Home), Nan Goldin (The Ballad of Sexual Dependency),  Sam Harris (The Middle of Somewhere), Yury Toroptsov (Deleted Scene, The House of Baba Yaga), Elinor Carucci, Jo Spence, Nick Waplington (Living Room) Wendy Evald (This is where we live), Inaki Domingo (Ser Sangre), Dragana Jurisic (YU: the Lost Country), Diana Markosian (Inventing My Father), Mitch Epstein (Family Business), Nicholas Nixon (the Brown Sisters), Stephen Gill (Hackney Kisses), David Spero (Tinkers Bubble), Tina Barney (Friends & Family), LaToya Ruby Frazier (The Notion of Family), Sian Davey (Looking for Alice), Jen Davis (Eleven Years), Corinne Day (Diary), Thomas Sauvin (Beijing Silvermine), Rachel Glass (The Domestic Aviary) Mariela Sancari (Moises), Ron Haviv (Blood and Honey: A Balkan War Journal) Jowhara Alsaud (Heir/Loom), Alexandra Davies, Arno Brignon, Mateusz Sarello (Swell), Sean Lee (Shauna), Maria Kapajeva, Alfonso Almendros (Family Reflections),  Andrei Nacu, Laia Abril (The Epilogue), Rita Puig-Serra Costa (Where Mimosa Bloom), Philip Toledano (Days with my Father, When I was Six), Cyril Costilhes (Grand Circle Diego), Tiago Casanova (Pearl), Ahmet Unver (Far Away)

See this folder with artist that exhibited as part of Guernsey Photography Festival 2014

M:\Departments\Photography\Students\Resources\Documentary & Narrative\Research\GPF Open Call Submissions\FAMILY

Here are a few videos:

In this clip Sam Harris talking about his new book In the Middle of Somewhere which are following his family life over a 12 year period

http://samharrisphoto.com/610218/video-at-home-with-sam/

For the last 12 years, American photographer LaToya Ruby Frazier has photographed friends, neighbors and family in Braddock, Pennsylvania. But though the steel town has lately been hailed as a posterchild of “rustbelt revitalization,” Frazier’s pictures tell a different story, of the real impact of inequality and environmental toxicity. In this short, powerful talk, the TED Fellow shares a deeply personal glimpse of an often-unseen world.

Here Yury Toroptsov talks about the 3 storylines that are interweaved in his new work and book Deleted Scene. Link to his website

Link to his website

YU: the lost country by Dragana Jurisic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=saArOK8bZEo

Link to the story on her website:

Review of her book by Sean O’Hagan, Photography Critic at the Guardian

Mateusz Sarello book about a broken relationship and lost love  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=83dlkxmoBoM 

link to Cyril Costilhes website http://sikost-photography.com/index.php?/123451234/

https://vimeo.com/112548100

Richard Billingham interviewed about his  seminal work Ray’s A Laugh

Interview with Richard Billingham in the Telegraph Newspaper 

3. Photo-Assignment 1: Explore the theme of Family and make a set of 5 images/ or a 3 min film

You can explore your own family as an insiders point of view, or you can choose to photograph someone else’s family as an outsider. This could include extended family such as grandparents, uncle & aunties etc. Your photographs can show an everyday family event e.g. breakfast, dinner, watching TV, playing games, private moments, social interaction etc. You can also choose to follow one person and record their life in private and how they interact with other family members. Or, make a set of portraits of each member of your family. The rules are that you must make images within the confines of your family home, this can both inside and outside,. Think about making a number of different shots, portraits (formal/informal, environmental), still-life (interiors, personal objects), landscape (house, garden etc) Explore different ways of framing shots using wide-angle and standard lens, explore different angles and points of view (low, high, canted, straight on). Remember to adjust camera settings and exposure for different lighting conditions.

4. Editing/evaluation: Upload pictures from photo-shoot and process in Lightroom. Put contact sheets and edited best prints in your blog. Annotate and evaluate pictures.

  1. Presentation: Print out your set of 5 images and present in class for a group crit (Mon 14th Sept)

Autumn Planner

“If your pictures aren’t good enough, you’re not close enough.”

Robert Capa, photojournalist. Hungarian (1913-54)

Welcome back after Summer Break!

In the A2 coursework module this term you are going to explore Documentary and Narrative in photography. The aim of this module is to combine your knowledge and skills of portraiture and landscape to produce pictures which are telling a story of people in the environment based around your chosen theme of FAITH, FAMILY & COMMUNITY

Click here to get full overview of the module and what you are required to do this term. Read first 22 slides:

Planner Autumn 2015

This module will explore different approaches to story-telling across different genres such as contemporary documentary, tableaux photography, photojournalism and street photography,

This unit requires you to produce a workbook with research, analysis, photographic responses, experimentation and make a number of final outcomes, such as designing a photo book, newspaper/magazine double-page spread, podcast/ film and final prints, .

 

 

 

Tableau Photographer: David Hilliard

A photographer that I came across while researching tableau photography was the tableau photographer David Hilliard. He was born in 1964 and is American. He is a fine arts photographer, mainly known for his panoramic photographs. Taking inspiration from his personal life he creates great images of his natural surroundings. Most of his scenes are staged, mixing with fact and fiction.

David Hilliard’s website: http://www.davidhilliard.com

I found Hilliard’s images very interesting because of the panoramic style which is unique. I think that I will respond to some of these images creating my own scenarios while following the panoramic idea. I like that there are white lines separating the single image into a series of three almost. This gives the spectator more to look at and makes for a more interesting photograph. The images could have been taken each individually and then put together during the editing process but I think that it would be more likely that a single image was taken and the white lines were added in afterwards. Something about the lines really draws the spectator into the image and makes you focus in on the central part of the image first and then allowing your eyes to wonder round the background of the image and take everything in individually.

814This is one of my favourite images of Hilliard’s as I really like when photographers use the ocean as a means of the background of their images. I think the blue of the ocean really stands out and, to me, is very therapeutic and calming which is what the young boy seems to be too. The young boy on the right hand side of the image almost looks fed up, as if he’s been trying to jump in and capture the boat but every time something is pulling him back and he just can’t reach out and grab it, tiring him out. The boy on the left hand side looking back at the boy as he pushes off with his paddle looks confused possibly, as if he was waiting for his friend to come and join him on the boat and doesn’t understand why he didn’t get on it. It almost looks as if there is only one person in this image, possibly linking to surrealism as if in a dream-like state. He can’t catch up with himself and feels lost deep down. That is what I took from the image from first look at it. I like that tableau photography can do this, it allows every spectator to interpret the image and look at it in whatever way they like. I think this allows the spectator to actively engage with the art and opens up for discussion too.

Tableau Photographer: Cindy Sherman

Throughout the duration of the AS year I kept referencing back to the artist Cindy Sherman. A woman who found her voice within the photographic world during the 1970s when women were finally voicing their opinions in an artistic and creative way. I really enjoy Sherman’s set of ‘film stills’ that she created mainly during the 70s were she focused on the cliches modern women are faced with. To this I responded and came up with my own cliches as well as mimicking a few of Sherman’s. I believe that Sherman is a great photographer and knows exactly what she wants the spectator to get out of the images that she has created. She is the face of all of her images yet appears different in every one. This is one of her signature works were she plays dress up in order to create the best images possible for the spectator and without knowing that Sherman was the face of her own photographic work you would never have guessed it was her.

Cindy Sherman as herself

Cindy Sherman’s website: http://www.cindysherman.com

The images that Sherman creates are not reflections of herself but, I think, show as a reflect of our society and how we expect women to be and how we expect them to act. I believe that Sherman wants to bring across a message that women aren’t the way most people think they are and we can do so much more and have greater aspirations than living and working at home like our ancestors. Something that has really come to light in recent years is feminism. The right of equality of life for both men and women. Yet people like Sherman have been exploring this and working hard to open people’s eyes on this topic for many years. I am a strong believer in feminism and I think that now is the time were things are going to change dramatically with huge impact. I like the idea of sending out a message to the world through the art of photography and tableaux photography is an excellent way to create a staged way of documenting serious issues of our modern world.

Some of Cindy Sherman’s ‘Untitled Film Stills’ 

Sherman was born in 1954 and is an American photographer and film director and is most known for her conceptual portraits. Sherman tends to work in different series of images and all of which are ‘Untitled’. I believe that she does this as a way of allowing the spectator to make up their own mind and form an opinion on the images themselves with an open mind and no preconceived ideas of how they should be looking at the images. I like this as most of her images speak for themselves and don’t really need any title or introduction to them. They are very hard hitting yet the spectator is about to form a completely independent view of each image, they are simply different representations of cliches and the way that women are viewed in society.

An interview with Cindy Sherman:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiszC33puc0

 

 

CindySherman-Untitled-Film-Still-13-1978This is one of my favourite of Sherman’s Untitled Film Stills. There isn’t one thing in particular that I like about the image, I just enjoy looking at it. I love the amount of books everywhere showing that the subject is in a library somewhere. An effect element of this image in the direction that the subject is looking as she looks up the sky over her shoulder as if looking for even more books whilst choosing some already. I think the idea of mimicking the cliches women faced in the late 1970s an excellent documentation of the way society used to think and being able to compare it to our modern day society and how much or how little has changed over the past years. I like that all of the film stills are in black and white, this is largely to do with the type of cameras that were around in 1979 as they were all black and white, however I still think that it makes the images more interesting and allows the spectator something to maintain focus on rather than dotting around the whole image looking at all of the different colours of the books and what the subject is wearing. Something that I also enjoy about these film stills is that in every one of them Sherman is the subject. She seems to create a brand new character in every photograph and each time they are faced with a different scenario in a different environment, which is a great way of documenting what places in America looked like in the late 70s compared to what they all look like nowadays.

 

Tableau photography: What is it?

Tableau simply means staged. This is a type of documentary photography as the photographer may find the subjects in their natural environment but may ask them to pose in a certain way to make for a good photograph. It is the form of a ‘living picture’. Most photographers will use their own models who are carefully positioned and posed and can often be quite theatrical and staged in an attempt to create a meaning and bring across a message to the spectator looking at the images. Often props will be used as well as facial expressions. I like the idea of tableau photography as I am able to develop a story and bring in different characters for the spectator to interpret and view. I also like the idea that it is documenting the way people think. This can be more of a broad way of doing documentary photography but it does fit. Photographers are able to explore new things as well as make a visual documentation of the way our modern society thinks and the way some people feel within it. We are able to document the environment that we live in, in a more interesting way. Something that I have noticed in modern tableau photography is that everyone appears to be naked. Somehow I don’t think that I will be using this in my response to tableau photography just because I feel that there is no real need to be naked in images, I think that images are more effect in the art of telling a story through the emotion of the subject/character rather than the physical appearance of them.