Life hacks was made by the BBC which is a public service broadcast and War of the worlds was made the CBC (Columbia broadcasting system).
Audiences – Clay Shirky talks about the end of audience. Audience behaviour has changed due to the internet and the ability for audiences to create their own content at home thanks to the lower cost of technology. This new audience doesn’t just consume media, but also produces it – creating the term ‘prosumer’.
Stuart hall – He mentions about reception theory which is about how the audience receive a message. An audience can either view a message in a dominant way which is how the sender wants it to be viewed, negotiated which is where the audience can see the message but may not completely agree with it, and oppositional which is where the audience completely disagrees with the message.
Media Industries– Radio 1 product and therefore has a public service statusas part of the BBC. The need to represent the nation. Arguments over the need for addressing a youth audience. The influence of new technology on media industries – Life Hacks as multi – platform media product.
Media Audiences– targets a niche audience, cultivation theory including Gerbner and reception theory including Hall. Targets a young audience, life hacks is involved in audience interaction through texts and calls.
War of the worlds– episode of the American radio drama anthology series The Mercury Theatre on the Air, directed and narrated by Orson Welles
Media Industries– War of the Worlds was broadcast byColumbia Broadcasting Company, It was broadcasted live as a halloween special at 8pm on Sunday 30 October 1938,Regulation – radio broadcasting was regulated by the Federal Communications Commission and it investigated the broadcast to see if it had broken any laws.
media has evolved and is constantly changing for a changing society
media is open for interpretation
LIFE HACKS
life hacks A podcast from BBC Radio 1, replaced The Surgery in 2017
hosts – Katie Thistleton and Vick Hope
title – associated with the youth demographic, suggesting that the show is targeting youth/millennials, ages being 15 – 29 but 41% of listeners are in this age range, median age is 32
presenters give the audience some insight into their personal life which helps listeners to feel more connected and supported by them
this forms a relationship as audiences feel relief in the fact that other young adults are going through similar things
emphasized by show on the 17th January 2021 titled “resolution regrets and motivation ” in which Katie stated for listeners to “get in touch with us 81199”
AUDIENCE
relates to uses and gratifications (Blumler and Katz) as the audience is active since they choose information based off of personal identity – being able to relate to the stories being told and seeing yourself in the different topics mentioned as well as personal relationships – feeling of support as a result of knowing that there is an area for advice and help e.g. knowing that people are going through similar experiences as well as entertainment & escapism which can related to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (1954)
INDUSTRIES
radio 1 is under the conglomerate BBC who made approximately £1,044.0 million in 2017, the year Life Hacks began
this is an example of a consumer based media form as the hosts have some freedom in what they suggests to listeners
livingstone and lunt would say this is beneficial since there are many raw backs of a self regulated system such as the need for advertisers as they need to put adverts on content that match but BBC do not use advertisers
WAR OF THE WORDLS
the 17th episode of the CBS radio series
it was broadcasted at 8pm on a Sunday on October 30th 1938 by Columbia Broadcasting System
was written by Orson Welles about an Alien invasion
radio was still a new media form at the time
AUDIENCE
it caused panic among its listening audience, though the scale of that panic is disputed, as the program had relatively few listeners
Orson didn’t know was what kind of mass effects this would have on the audience. Orson said he ‘wanted to understand that they shouldn’t swallow everything that came through the tap whether it was radio or not’ and although he had realised at disclaimer prior to the narrative stating that it would be fiction, majority of the audience were not aware of this
80 years later it is being studied as an important text as it is one of the earliest examples of media platforms looking into fake news
the studio being invaded by the police, mobs on streets, scripts being destroyed, tension, anxiety and even reports of deaths,
Life Hacks is both a traditional radio programme with a regular, scheduled broadcast time, but is also available online after broadcast for streaming and downloading. The broadcast itself and the accompanying website provides opportunities for audience interaction, which is central to the programme’s address to its audience. Life Hacks also exemplifies the challenges facing the institution as a public service broadcaster that needs to appeal to a youth audience within a competitive media landscape.
Media Industries • Life Hacks is a Radio 1 product and therefore has a public service status as part of the BBC. • Identification of funding for Radio 1 through the license fee, concept of a hypothecated tax. • Issues around the role of a public service broadcaster – how does Life Hacks reflect the need to represent the nation. Arguments over the need for addressing a youth audience already catered for commercially. • Consider the programme as distinctive in its public service remit. • The influence of new technology on media industries – Life Hacks as multi – platform media product.
Media Audiences Life Hacks is reflective of the way the industry targets niche audiences and provides an opportunity to consider industry regulation and the availability of new technology shapes audience targeting and response. • What techniques does the broadcast use to target a youth audience? • Consider the way that external factors – such as demographics and psychographics – are likely to also affect audience response and produce differing interpretations • Consider the opportunities for audience interaction and self-representation • cultivation theory including Gerbner • reception theory including Hall
Social and cultural contexts Life Hacks reflects an acceptance of diversity and a degree of openness in contemporary culture around personal, social and identity issues.
life hacks is part of the bbc – a public service broadcaster. this means that it is funded through taxation
The programme includes discussion of health and social issues such as exam stress, sexual health, alcohol and drugs
How it attracts a young audience:
– The language used and the way the presenters present themselves suggest that they are trying to appeal to more of a youth audience as they tend to use informal language as if they were speaking to a friend – this also makes it more personal which may make the listeners feel as if they are being directly addressed.
– The content discussed is mainly targeting a youth audience as it specifically discusses growing up and going through life from a teenager/ younger persons position (university etc)
theorists:
hesmondhal – psb funding reduces the risk – constant economic sustenance (Radio listening figures in the UK- 90% of the population tune in to the radio every week, 61% tune of the population tune in to digital radio every week.)
young & rubicam – psychometrics – everyone fits into set “personality types”, e.g. young, millennial trendy people
clay shirky – the “end” of the passive audience (war of the worlds), with the invention of the internet the link between institution and audience becomes more equal – social media (listeners use social media as a place to discuss media) – this relates to life hacks as they are frequently seen encouraging participation (for example, in life hacks, presenters frequently ask listeners to text in, at 14:51 vic and katie introduce the listener, who talks about crying over significant things)
war of the worlds – laswell’s hypodermic needle theory – passive audience, not participatory (one-to-many)
the media becoming more participatory (egalitarian)
genre formatting: the missing has a crime genre which is familiar so its easy to follow the narrative.
seriliasation: sequels to keep audience engaged- narrative- easy to follow audience already have an idea whats bound to happen
internationalisation: broadcasted by bbc which is a public broadcaster
remakes: retelling the same story through different ways
serialisation: the character from the missing is also starred in the series ‘Baptiste’ which also follows the same storyline has the same genre which is myserious and crime
Audience is younger adults- ‘ expressing yourself and lockdown hair disasters’
Casual conversations opposed to scripts
Curran and seaton- diversification, bbc life hacks offer entertainment for everyone but not all at once
Accepts diversity through openness
Targets a niche audience
Uses and gratifications theory- listeners relating to stories that are being said online/ online community
Livingstone and Lunt- follows a citizen based approach to media production
War Of The Worlds
Broadcasted by CBS
War of the worlds 1937, technology has developed since then
Hesmondhalgh’s idea of a risky business within media- The producers don’t know if the media they are producing is going to cater for everyones interests so not everyone will like it.
Clay Shirky: The audience doesn’t just consume media, but also produces it – creating the term ‘presumer’
Livingstone and Lunt: CBS who broadcasted War of the Worlds, work on a consumer- based approach
the novel influenced the work of scientists such as Robert H Goddard who invented the liquid fuelled rocket and multistage rocket which were inspired by the novel.
Was broadcasted by CBS radio (Columbia broadcasting company), this company still exists today
historical, political and cultural context
Broadcasted the year before world war 2
One of the earliest novels about a conflict between humankind and an extraterrestrial race
Radio was one of the largest forms of media used at the time
Nazi Germany escalated and began its persecution of the jews
Almost 80% of American households owned a radio
the Great Depression and the Wall Street crash both happened in the 1930’s
Hitler, Stalin and Mussolini were all in power in the 1930’s
The 1930’s to the 1940’s was known as the ‘golden age’ of radio
industry
CBS Radio – founded by Michael A. Wiener in 1928, CBS radio is owned by the CBS corporation
CBS – founded September 18, 1927 in Chicago, founder is William s Paley
life hacks
Media Industries
• Life Hacks is a Radio 1 product and therefore has a public service status as part of the BBC. • Identification of funding for Radio 1 through the license fee, concept of a hypothecated tax. • Issues around the role of a public service broadcaster – how does Life Hacks reflect the need to represent the nation. Arguments over the need for addressing a youth audience already catered for commercially. • Consider the programme as distinctive in its public service remit. • The influence of new technology on media industries – Life Hacks as multi – platform media product.
Media Audiences
Life Hacks is reflective of the way the industry targets niche audiences and provides an opportunity to consider industry regulation and the availability of new technology shapes audience targeting and response. • What techniques does the broadcast use to target a youth audience? • Consider the way that external factors – such as demographics and psychographics – are likely to also affect audience response and produce differing interpretations • Consider the opportunities for audience interaction and self-representation • cultivation theory including Gerbner • reception theory including Hall
listed on the bbc radio website under the genre of facts and health & wellbeing
essay planning
argument – media is becoming more participatory, argue whether its good or bad, compare difference from program in 1938 compared to program in 2021, different way they target audience, bring in audience theories, participatory media – Gauntlett/Jenkins/Shirky, different ways the industries that own the radio are controlled/how they do things – talk about curran and seaton & hesmondhalgh and the idea of media being a risky business. Clay Shirky -End of Audience – Radio as a declining medium in the age of active audience communication and interaction. Stuart hall – reception theory – war of the worlds – people thinking aliens are coming.
man surrounded by women- to show the power he holds/ royalty, hes placed above them they’re almost worshiping him. One women reaching out for him- he’s superior.
made at the time of the Vietnam war – representing soldiers, making men want to look like male in advert, trying to get men to join army.
holding a gun- creates a traditional view of men where they are expected to be strong, brave and protective. Men are the dominant ones in society, makes him appear powerful.
setting- jungle is a dangerous place that requires a tough male character.
This slogan suggests to the target male audience that using the Score hair cream will result in you becoming extremely attractive to women.
the setting itself is quite bright could represent the scorching sun/ hot weather condition.
male gaze laura maulvey
Jean kilbourne
Jean Kilbourne speaks publicly about how adverts can come across as sexualizing men and women in ‘different way’
Girls get the message from very early on, that whats most important is how they look, that their value, their worth depends on that. And boys get the message that this is what’s important about girls. We get it from advertising. We get it from films. We get it from television shows, video games, everywhere we look. So no matter what a woman does, no matter what her achievements, their value still depends on how they look.
Woman’s bodies continue to be dismembered in advertising. Over and over again just one part of the body is used to sell products, which is one of the most dehumanizing thing you can do to someone. Not only is she a thing, but just one part of that thing is focused on.
“But many people do not fully realize that there are terrible consequences when people becoming things. Self-image is deeply affected. The self-esteem of girls plummets as they reach adolescence partly because they cannot possibly escape the message that their bodies are objects, and imperfect objects at that. Boys learn that masculinity requires a kind of ruthlessness, even brutality. Violence becomes inevitable.”
