What is media?

Media is a way of communication.

What is media studies?

Media studies is the critical/ cultural analysis of all media formats and the role they play in society.

Iconic

• controller drawing
• astronaut image,

Indexical

• red color font
• astronaut suit

A symbolic sign 

• game headlines
• twitch logo

Newspapers – They were first circulating in the 17th century, and the first one was printed in 1665.

Advertising- Advertisement`s were first introduced in the 16th and 17th century’s within newspapers.

Magazines – The earliest form of magazine was launched in Germany in 1663. America`s first magazine was launched in 1923.

Radio – The first practical radio transmitters and receivers were developed around 1895-6 by Italian Guglielmo Marconi, and radio began to be used commercially around 1900.

Cinema – The first cinema was in Berlin Wintergarden Theatre. This was in 1895 and a short, silent film was presented by the Skladanowsky brothers.

TV- The first ever television stations started appearing in America in the late 1920s and early 1930`s.

Music Video – The first music video as we would know it today was Tony Bennetts “Stranger in Paradise”, and this was in 1953.

Video Game – thought be have been created in 1958 by William Higinbotham.

Online – in 1993, researchers began to assemble what we would now know as the modern internet.

An iconic sign – which has a direct connection to its’ object (ie it looks or sounds like the object): 1. Two people’s faces are on the front cover making it iconic 2. There are pictures of the cars which look similar to real life. 3.

An indexical sign – which has an indirect link to its’ object (think smells 1. F1 logo links to motor sport and racing 2. Title “Racing review” creates a link to motor sport and competition between people to reach a place/ person first 3. Their fire proof suits link to safety and fear of being hurt or injured.

1. A symbolic sign – which has a random or arbitary link based on a shared knowledge or an agreement, for example, a shared culture or language (think letters, words, writing, shapes, squiggles, colours, sound effects, facial expressions, hand gestures, clothing, hair styles, etc) 1. We can all agree that the letters all mean something and come together to make a word and a sentence. There is no evidence to prove that this is real but something we agree upon.

Iconic Signs- In my magazine I have included iconic signs, examples of these are:

• The sledgehammer
• The console controller
• The helmets
• The weapons
• The outfits

Indexical Signs– In my magazine I have included indexical signs, examples of these are:

• The console controller
• The subtitle “The most unique and tactical shooter”

Symbolic Signs-

1. Barthes: French writer and critic/ A leading theorist of the study of semiotics
2. Pierce: An American philosopher
3. Saussure: a Swiss linguist and semiotician
4. Semiotics: the study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation
5. Sign: a gesture or action used to convey information or an instruction
6. Signifier: a sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning (Saussure)
7. Signified: the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed.
8. Icon: a person or thing regarded as a representative symbol or as worthy of veneration
9. Index: a sign or measure of something
10. Symbol: a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract
11. Code: a system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others, especially for the purposes of secrecy
12. Anchorage: Fixes the meaning of a sign
13. Ideology: A system of ideas and ideals
14. Paradigm: a collection of signs
15. Syntagm: a sequence of signs with meaning
16. Signification: the process of creating meaning
17. Denotation: The literal meaning of a word
18. Connotation: An idea or feeling that a word invokes
19. Myth: Something that is made up and excepted
20. Dominant signifier: The main sign
21. A radical text: A text that radicalises ideology
22. A reactionary text: A text that supports ideology
23. Dominant ideology: Dominant ideas attitudes values or beliefs