• Curran and Seaton suggests that a second and equally turbulent wave of ownership consolidation took place in the latter half of the twentieth century when economic globalisation and the widespread deregulation of the media industry reduced the number of national press titles in the uk to just 11 publications.
• Commercial broadcasters need to secure long term advertising revenue to survive programming.
• Curran and Seaton argue that the Uk government policy is responsible in part, for the widespread domination of the media landscape by huge conglomerates.
• The power of concentrated media ownership has forced political parties to form cosy relationships with media moguls in order to get favourable press coverage
• commercial media has not been allowed to dominate the Uk television and radio markets completely. The BBC as a public service broad caster funded through the television licence fee operates without the need to attract advertising revenue to fund programming
  

IDENTIFY 5 BULLET POINTS FROM THIS HAND OUT THAT COULD BE USED IN AN ESSAY ON TRANSNATIONAL TELEVISION PRODUCTION.

• Money wins, while audience size and audience share determine content.

• Commercial broadcasting is based not on the sale of programmes to audiences, but on the sale of audiences to advertisers.

• The sucess of horizontal and vertical integration means that most commercial print, film television based media in America and the UK is now controlled by just 6 global players – CBS, Comcast, Disney, News Corporation, Time Warner and Viacom.

• Horizontal integration of large conglomerates can maximise profit whilst reducing production costs. On the other hand, Vertical integration is the ownership of subsidiaries that enable a media producer to produce, promote and distribute products.

Endemol Shine UK (branded as EndemolShine UK and formerly Endemol UK Ltd) is one of the largest independent media producers in the United Kingdom. The company is part of Banijay Group, a worldwide network of production companies spanning 22 countries.

• Advantages of PBSs as they are not reliant on advertising to fund production nor do they make products for commercial gain.

• Commercial Media – An organisation that makes products for profit –
• Horizontal Integration – Endemol Shine UK owns the Kudos production company and its parent company, Banijay Production company based in France, owns 120 production companies in 22 countries.
• Vertical Integration –
• Media Concentration/ Media Convergence – Kudos is an independent production company owned by Endemol, limiting the amount of co-companies that might have also been used to produce the show which would ultimately reduce overall profit for Endemol.

Music choices

I intend to work towards Set brief 4, the music video and magazine extracts. I will be using the indie genre for my video, with a clear narrative story throughout, taking from Todorov’s narrative theory. I will ensure to include many known indie themes, using golden lighting, a mix of third person and first person perspectives, and a heavy focus on instruments and music in general. My narrative for the video will show my musician through a day to day view of his life. I have based my shot list of the type of angles and scenes seen among the indie genre through other music videos I’ve researched based of bands such as ‘Vampire Weekend’ or the ‘Wallows’. It will follow him through scenes such as driving to and from practice, longer intervals demonstrating him playing drums in a practice room and at home, scenes in an editing room (including the headphones sponsorship in most drumming scenes), and these will be repeated to show that each day has the same structure for my character, and to emphasise the idea that drumming is at the centre of his life. This will then be cut with a series of short, close shots of different aspects of the musician in the car, with the final shot being a notification popping up on his phone and then a cut to black, implying that while driving, he was distracted and gets in a crash. I then plan to show long scenes in between black cuts of each scene shown previously in the video, but without the musician there to show a sense of loss. I then intend to end on a last drum beat, subtly showing the musician once again, but leaving it so it does not explicitly tell whether the crash was fatal. A clear focus on the drum set will be followed throughout, as the target audience would be widely musical.

I wanted to use a clear narrative throughout my video to follow Tztevan Todorov’s Tripartite narrative theory, following his three part structure of Equilibrium, Disruption and Exposition. This will give my video a strong narrative structure, allowing it to be easily followed and understood by the audience, which is a key aspect seen in indie music videos.

I will also be producing three print magazine pages, including a front cover, double page spread and tour poster for my musician catered to a mainstream indie audience. The double page spread will contain an interview used to promote the musicians music video and the production behind it, as well as talking about life on tour to help promote the tour dates. I’ve used style models from a magazine called ‘Indie’ which uses a more minimalist style on the covers, which often highlights accessories so I will use the branded headphones seen advertised in the music video on the cover and internal pages, which follow an assorted and bright layout.