What is media

The main means of mass communication through broadcasting, publishing and internet.

What is media studies

The study of the history and effects of media on society and how they have changed over time.

What is the point in media studies

To develop your understanding in mass communication and learn how to influence people through the means of media techniques.

• Roland Barthes (his ideas of dominant signs / dominant ideology)-
  Was a French literary theorist, philosopher, critic and semiotician
  His Ideas explored a diverse range of fields and he influenced the development of many schools of theory, including structuralism, semiotics, social theory, design theory, anthropology, and post-structuralism
• C. S. Pierce (and his categories of sign)
  Was a America philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist.
  he categorized into three distinct categories
  An iconic sign ,An indexical sign, A symbolic sign
• Ferdinand de Saussure (the separation of object and meaning)
• Semiotics– The study of signs and symbols
• Sign- An object or event in relation to something.
• Signifier- A signs physical form,
  
• Signified-the meaning expressed by a sign
• an iconic sign– Look like their signified, making the relationships between the two very straightforward and obvious eg a photograph of a person
• an indexical sign- signs where the signifier is caused by the signified, e.g., smoke signifies fire.
• a symbolic sign– A symbol is a mark, sign or word that indicates, signifies, or is understood as representing an idea, object, or relationship. … Symbols take the form of words, sounds, gestures, ideas or visual images and are used to convey other ideas and beliefs, eg. red octagon means stop.
• Code– a system of words , letters or symbols used to represented others.
• Dominant Signifier, the concept that a signifier refers symbolic (arbitrary) signs.
• Anchorage– Anchorage is when a piece of media uses another piece of media to reduce the amount of connotations in the first, therefore allowing the audience to interpret it much more easily.
• Ideology– An ideology is a world view, a system of values, attitudes and beliefs which an individual, group or society holds to be true or important; these are shared by a culture or society about how that society should function.
• Paradigm– a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.
• Syntagm– where signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to create meaning.For example, the letters in a word have syntagmatic relationship with one another,
• Denotation– Denotation is the first level of analysis: what the audience can visually see on a page. Denotation often refers to something literal, and avoids being a metaphor.
• Connotation-an idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning.
• myth-A story that is believed but had no evidence of truth
• A radical text-texts that challenge the dominant ideology
• A reactionary text– that supports the dominant ideology

1. Roland Barthes – was a french theorist, semiotician, philosopher and critic who wrote a book on mythologies. Which was a collection of essays taken from Les Lettres nouvelles, examining the tendency of contemporary social value systems to create modern myths.
2. C. S. Peirce – Charles was an American philosopher, mathematician, and a scientist who was also known as “the father of pragmatism”. He was educated as a chemist and employed as a scientist for thirty years. Pierce’s theory of signs is known to be one of the most complex semiotic theories due to its extensive claim. Anything is a sign—not absolutely as itself, but instead in some relation or other. It defines three roles encompassing (1) the sign, (2) the sign’s subject matter, and (3) the sign’s meaning or consequence as formed into a kind of effect called its interpretant.
3. Ferdinand de Saussure – Ferdinand de Saussure was a Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics, and semiology in the 20th century. He is widely considered one of the founders of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major founders of semiotics/semiology.
4. Semiotics – The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.
5. Sign – A gesture, an object, quality, or event whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else .
6. Signifier –  A sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning.
7. Signified – The meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed.
8. an iconic sign –  Is a direct connection to an object e.g. it looks or sounds like the object.
9. an indexical sign –  Is which has an indirect link to its’ object e.g. the word “rose” makes you think of flowers.
10. a symbolic sign –  Is which has a random link based on a shared knowledge or an agreement, e.g. letters, shapes, colours, sound effects, facial expressions.
11. Code – A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent another meaning.
12. Dominant Signifier – The main sign
13. Anchorage – Anchorage is when a piece of media uses another piece of media to reduce the amount of connotations in the first, therefore allowing the audience to interpret it much more easily. for instance, in a newspaper, pictures are accompanied by a caption that allows us to understand what the picture is showing us
14. Paradigm –  a collection of signs/ things
15. Syntagm –  A sign within a sequence, changing it’s meaning
16. Signifcation – The representation of a meaning.
17. Denotation –  The primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests. (Bathes)
18. Connotation – A certain meaning of a sign.
19. Myth – A story that is believed but had no evidence of truthDominant Ideology, 
20. Radical text – texts which challenge the dominant ideology or myths which can be referred to as ‘radical’.
21. Dominant Ideology – An ideology is a world view, a system of values, attitudes and beliefs which an individual, group or society holds to be true or important; these are shared by a culture or society about how that society should function. Dominant ideologies.
22. A reactionary text – the opposite of radical text supports Dominant ideas

M

I have started my front cover by planning how Id create the cover. I created this all from hand drawing. Through my creative skills, I wanted to use them to design a colorful and eye-catching piece of work. I decided to draw Game of Thrones, as it would interest the older generation, as it is a very popular tv series at the moment. I would say it relates to gaming due to the title “Game of Thrones”. Furthermore, they have made Game of Thrones XBOX games for people to play. I think this was I good idea to put on my poster, as this PlayStation game is quite thrilling and exciting for many people. Also, having the dark colors can give a sense of evilness and spookiness, which can intrigue people who have an interest in eerie games. However, with having the dull colors from the drawing of the night king, it could possibly give an idea that the game is quite boring, yet it depends on how people view things.

I have also decided to draw the PlayStation game Avatar. In my opinion, this was a good idea as the characters have unique colors and features, therefore having the characters displayed on the front cover of a gaming magazine can be really outstanding and attractive. With the bold, bright colors of the blue and purple, it gives off a tranquil atmosphere.

I think the contrast of the grey, dark colors and the bright blue colors make the magazine front cover more interesting to look at, as the front cover page isn’t just full of bright colors, there is various colors of bright and dark.

I would say the Game of Thornes game is aimed towards adults, due to the graphics of the game and the fighting involved. However, on the other hand, for the Avatar game, I would say that it is more aimed towards the younger generation, as it is more fanciful and pg.

In my opinion, I think that the strongest areas of my magazine front cover is the Avatar drawing. I feel that it stands out the most, with its bright mix of blue and purple colors. Due to the characters in the Avatar game looking unique and bizarre (aliens) I would think that this would fascinate people and intrigue them into purchasing the magazine, as they may want to know more about it.

I have chosen to write words that best describe the games, e.g. for the Game of Thornes game, I have written ‘rivalry’ ‘powerful’ ‘medieval’ etc. This advertises the game being deadly and violent. On the other hand, for the game Avatar, I have written a description besides the picture, and I have enhanced the main words, such as ‘hero’ ‘epic’ and ‘beyond imagination’. This gives the reader an idea about what the game is, and how it is a very imaginative game full of fantasies.

Nicolai chose a male role model known for his intelligence and skills in programming who has made a large fortune through his business. Bill Gates is known world wide and has a positive impact through charities and financial support for 3rd world countries. This interests people and draws them in to the magazine. Nicolai’s work contradicts the stereotypical style of Boys’ Life magazine of an outdoor, adventurous lifestyle.

1. Roland Barthes – French literary theorist and social critic. Introduced the “denotation, connotation, myth” model.
2. Charles Sanders Peirce – American philosopher. “Icon, index, symbol”. Introduced the term ‘semiotics’.
3. Ferdinand de Saussure: Swiss linguist and semiotician. Saw language as a social-cultural reaction. Coined the term ‘seminology’.
   
4. Semiotics: the study of signs and symbols, their use, how they are represented and what they represent.
5. Sign: an object, quality, or event whose presence or occurrence indicates the probable presence or occurrence of something else.
   
6. Signifier: a sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning.
   
7. Signified: the meaning expressed by a sign.
   
8. An iconic sign – is which has a direct connection to its’ object e.g. it looks or sounds like the object.
   
9. An indexical sign – is which has an indirect link to its’ object e.g. smells.
   
10. A symbolic sign – is which has a random link based on a shared knowledge or an agreement, e.g. letters, shapes, colours, sound effects, facial expressions, hand gestures, clothing, hair styles.
11. Code: a set of conventions or sub-codes currently in use to communicate meaning.
12. Dominant Signifier: dominant meaning of a sign.
13. Anchorage: directs the viewer to a given meaning.
14. Ideology: a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.
15. Paradigm: a typical example of something.
16. Syntagm: a linguistic unit consisting of a set of linguistic forms (phonemes, words, or phrases) that are in a sequential relationship to one another.
17. Signifcation: the process of making meaning.
18. Denotation: the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests.
19. Connotation: an idea or feeling or meaning of the object.
20. Myth: a social narrative that reinforces a given belief system.
21. A radical text: a text that challenges the dominant ideology within a given society.
22. A reactionary text: a text that supports the dominant ideology within a given society.

1. Roland Gérard Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semioticianBarthes- Roland Gérard Barthes was a French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician.

Pierce- American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist

Saussure- A Swiss linguist and semiotician

Semiotics- The study of signs and symbols

Sign-  An indicator to a greater picture.

Signifier- A sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning

Signified- The meaning or idea expressed by a sign

Icon- Person or thing regarded as a representative symbol

Index- A sign that has a link to its object 

Symbol- Thing that represents or stands for something else

Code-  A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent another meaning.

Dominant Signifier- the main sign and communicator

Anchorage- Words “pin down” the meaning of an image 

Ideology- Set of opinions or beliefs by an individual or group

Syntagm- A set of linguistic forms that are in a relationship to one another

Signification- The representation or conveying of meaning

Denotation- The literal or primary meaning of a word

Connotation- An idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning

Myth- A belief or story that isn’t proven a fact.

Dominant Ideology- main or primary belief

A radical text- a person with extreme views

A reactionary text- A person or belief opposing a radical text

1. Roland Barthes:
   French literary theorist, philosopher, critic, and semiotician.
2. C. S. Pierce:
   American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist who is sometimes known as “the father of pragmatism”
3. Ferdinand de Saussure:
   Swiss linguist and semiotician. His ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments in both linguistics and semiology in the 20th century.
4. Semiotics:
   The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation.
5. Sign: An object or action used to signify something.
6. Signifier:
   a sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning. (Saussure)
7. Signified:
   the meaning or idea expressed by a sign, as distinct from the physical form in which it is expressed. (Saussure)
8. an iconic sign:
   Always bear some resemblance to their referent ie. a photo
9. an indexical sign: Signs where the signifier is caused by the signified, e.g., smoke signifies fire
10. a symbolic sign: Represents / stands for something.
11. Code: Letters / Symbols
12. Dominant Signifier:
    Main sign 
13. Anchorage: Meaning of an sign
14. Paradigm: a group of similar things
15. Syntagm: A sign within a sequence, changing it’s meaning
16. Signifcation: To have meaning
17. Denotation: The object (Barthes)
18. Connotation: idea / meaning of the object
19. Myth: A story that is believed but had no evidence of truth
20. Dominant Ideology,
21. A radical text: Challenges society
22. A reactionary text: supports society
23. Ideology – a system of ideas and ideals, especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy.

Barthes- An French philosopher and critic, who explored social theory, semiotics, the science of symbols

Pierce- American philosopher, scientist and devolved the iconic symbol.

Saussure- A Swiss linguist and semiotician or their use of interprtation

Semiotics- The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation

Sign- Something that signifies something else 

Signifier- A sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning. An object

Signified- The meaning or idea expressed by a sign

Icon- Person or thing regarded as a representative symbol

Index- A sign that has a link to its object/ association with something.

Symbol- Thing that represents or stands for something else

Code-  A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others

Dominant Signifier- The main sign. Eg; a name

Anchorage- Words “pin down” the meaning of an image. Gives an object a meaning.

Ideology- Set of opinions or beliefs by an individual or group. Attitudes or ideas

Syntagm- A set of linguistic forms that are in a relationship to one another. Series or connection signs.

Signification- The representation or conveying of meaning.

Denotation- The literal or primary meaning of a word

Connotation- An idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning (Barthes)

Myth- A widely held but false belief or idea. Something that isn’t true.

Radical – challenges our ideas

Reaction- Suport our dominant ideology.

Paradigm- A group or collection of similar things

Barthes- An influential French philosopher and literary critic, who explored social theory, anthropology and semiotics, the science of symbols, and studied their impact on society

Pierce- American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist

Saussure- A Swiss linguist and semiotician

Semiotics- The study of signs and symbols and their use or interpretation

Sign- Something that signifies something else 

Signifier- A sign’s physical form (such as a sound, printed word, or image) as distinct from its meaning(saussure)

Signified- The meaning or idea expressed by a sign

Icon- Person or thing regarded as a representative symbol

Index- A sign that has a link to its object 

Symbol- Thing that represents or stands for something else

Code-  A system of words, letters, figures, or symbols used to represent others

Dominant Signifier- Main accepted meaning of sign 

Anchorage- Words “pin down” the meaning of an image 

Ideology- Set of opinions or beliefs by an individual or group

Syntagm- A set of linguistic forms that are in a relationship to one another

Signification- The representation or conveying of meaning

Denotation- The literal or primary meaning of a word

a reactionary text– text that supports the dominant ideology

a radical text-texts that challenge the dominant ideology

Connotation- An idea or feeling which a word invokes for a person in addition to its literal or primary meaning

paradigm– a typical example or pattern of something; a pattern or model

Myth- A widely held but false belief or idea