Positive stereotype – A positive stereotype represents a “positive” evaluation of a social group.

Negative stereotype – A negative belief held against a social group.

Counter-types – a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person. Used to break and go against the current stereotype.

Misrepresentation – the action of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.

Selective representation – when some groups of people are represented more in government than others.

Dominant ideology – attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society

Constructed reality –the theory that the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences.

Hegemony – leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.

Audience positioning – the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text

Fluidity of identity – Identity is not fixed to a person, it can be changed or altered.

Constructed identity –

Negotiated identity – the processes through which people reach agreements regarding “who is who” in their relationships

Collective identity – the shared sense of belonging to a group

• POSITIVE STEREOTYPES – A well known belief held against a specific group that is favorable.
• NEGATIVE STEREOTYPES – An assumption of a group that reflects negatively upon them.
• Counter-types – A sign which challenges the regulations and expectations of society.
• Misrepresentation – Giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.
• Selective representation – When certain groups are chosen to be more represented than others.
• Dominant ideology – Values, attitudes and beliefs shared among groups, individuals and societies.
• Constructed reality – the way we present ourselves to other people is shaped partly by our interactions with others, as well as by our life experiences
• Hegemony – leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
• Audience positioning – the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.
• Fluidity of identity – Identity is not biological and is not fixed.
• Constructed identity – Any attempt to create or enhance views about oneself.
• Negotiated identity – Chosen identity, decide for your self.
• Collective identity – Join with other people to create a group and a ‘collective identity’ eg. Fandom
  

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Positive and negative stereotypes – a widely held but fixed image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.
Counter-types – a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person.
Misrepresentation – the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something.
Selective representation -selective representation is when some groups of people are represented more in government than others.
Dominant ideology – denotes the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.
Constructed reality – the way we present ourselves to other people based on past experiences and how we see ourselves
Hegemony – leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
Audience positioning – the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.

Fluidity of identity – identity can be changed and is not fixed to a person
Constructed identity –
Negotiated identity – the way in which people reach certain agreements
Collective identity – a sense of belonging to a group or community

Positive and negative stereotypes– Positive Stereotypes are subjectively favourable beliefs about a group while negative stereotypes are subjectively unfavourable beliefs held about a group. 

Counter-types– When a producer tries to break stereotypes. For example changing the main signifier

Misrepresentation– When a certain group is presented in the wrong way

Selective representation -This when one group of people or things are represented more than others in order to get a message across and put an idea into peoples heads

Dominant ideology– The main idea/concept that is most widely believed by a large amount of people

Constructed reality– This is the idea that we present ourselves to others in certain ways because of the media and what we are exposed to from that

Hegemony– This is the leadership or dominance by one group over others

Audience positioning– Media places audiences in a position in the media form/text and makes them accept the dominant meaning

positive and negative stereotypes: preconceived notions of a person or thing, not necessarily based on fact – these can be either positive (e.g. English people are polite) or negative (e.g. Germans have no sense of humour).

counter-types: a representation of a person or thing that challenges dominant stereotypes about that person or thing.

misrepresentation: a false or misleading representation of someone or something.

selective representation: when a producer chooses to represent one or several aspect(s) of something over and above all others.

dominant ideology: the social, cultural and political framework shared by most people in a given society, informing their values, attitudes and beliefs.

constructed reality: the ‘reality’ constructed by humans through the process of social interaction – e.g. a school is a school because society as a whole agrees that it is a school

hegemony: the ideological domination of society by the ruling class within that society, serving to justify the political and social status quo.

audience positioning: the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text and accept the intended reading of said text.

Positive and negative stereotypes: An over-generalized belief about a particular category of people. This can be positive beliefs or negative beliefs.

Counter-types: Opposing a positive or negative stereotype

Misrepresentation: the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something

Selective representation: When some groups of people are represented more in government than others. … In this way, one form of selective representation is used to try to combat another.

Dominant ideology: The primary or main opinion of a group of people, race, religion, nation or gender.

Constructed reality: An imagined or over exaggerated version of something true or of a fantasy created by others e.g media sources

Hegemony: leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others

Audience positioning:  The techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text.

Fluidity of identity:  by living in a specific relationship with others in daily life. Furthermore, such fluid identity has the potential to change in many directions.

Constructed identity: Social and cultural identity is inextricably linked to issues of power, value systems, and ideology.

Negotiated identity:  An individual’s multifaceted identities of cultural, ethnic, religious, social class, gender, sexual orientation, professional, family/relational role, and personal image(s) based on self-reflection and other-categorization social construction processes. 

Collective identity: A person’s sense of belonging to a group. The identity of the group, or the ‘collective,’ becomes a part of the person’s individual identity.