Positive and negative stereotypes – a good or bad accepted idea of something.

Counter-types – something opposing the stereotypes.

Misrepresentation – the misleading or false belief.

Selective representation – only representing certain things.

Dominant ideology – the most widely believed idea.

Constructed reality – the idea that society is created by humans and human interaction.

Hegemony – leadership by one person/group.

Audience positioning – the techniques used by the creator to get the audience to understand the idea.

Fluidity of identity – the idea that your identity changes.

Constructed identity – the identity you build, such as on Instagram.

Negotiated identity – agreeing that certain people have certain roles in a relationship and that these roles can not change.

Collective identity – the identity of a group.

Positive and negative stereotypes = general expectation of something or someone, including looks, personalities and behavior

Counter-types = a positive stereotype

Misrepresentation = giving a false or misleading representation with the intention to lie

Selective representation = parts of an image are selectively chosen to show

Dominant ideology = agreeing with what we believe

Constructed reality = how we represent ourselves/ things in a way we want it to be seen or things or the idea of that we’ve been influenced by other factors

Hegemony = dominance of authority

Audience positioning = techniques that are used to control how we perceive and understand things ideology of the media 

Fluidity of identity = flexibility of gender

Constructed identity = how something is formed – is it real? has it been constructed?

Negotiated identity = changing someones beliefs through the concept of cultural beliefs and media

Collective identity =

• negative stereotypes- Negative stereotypes are traits and characteristics, negatively valenced and attributed to a social group and to its individual members. Positive – positive stereotype refers to a subjectively favourable belief held about a social group
• Counter-types- The definition of a countertype is a positive stereotype and emphasizes the positive features about a person. An example of a countertype is that all religious people are kind. Misrepresentation
• Selective representation- selective representation is when some groups of people are represented more in government than others. … In this way, one form of selective representation is used to try to combat another.
• Dominant ideology- The term dominant ideologydenotes the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given societyConstructed reality
• Hegemony- Leadership or dominance, especially by one state or social group over others.
• Audience positioning-
• Audience positioning refers to the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text
•  Fluidity of identity- Your identity is multifaceted and distinctly our own. It is a function of where we’ve come from, our vertical identity: our parents, race, gender, age, socioeconomic status and so on.
• Constructed identity-Any attempt to create, maintain or enhance views about oneself.
• Negotiated identity-Identity negotiation refers to the processes through which people reach agreements regarding “who is who” in their relationships. 
• Collective identity-Collective identity is the shared sense of belonging to a group.

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• Positive and negative stereotypes – traits and characteristics that relate to a typical type of person that are generally either negative or positive.
• Counter-types – This is a representation that is the opposite of a stereotypical associations of groups, people or places.
• Misrepresentation – giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something
• Selective representation – the ways in which the media portrays particular groups, communities or topics from a particular ideological perspective.
• Dominant ideology – the term dominant ideology denotes the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in society.
• Constructed reality – the argument that society is created by humans and human interaction, which they call habitualization.
• Hegemony – leadership or dominance, especially by one social group over others.
• Audience positioning – the techniques used by the creator of a text to try to get the audience to understand the ideology of the text
• Fluidity of identity – an identity that is constantly changing or is constantly evolving
• Constructed identity – where an identity has been structured by interactions with family or friends, organisations, institutions, media and other connections we make in our everyday life.
• Negotiated identity – where people reach agreements on “who is who” in their relationships. 
• Collective identity –  is the shared sense of belonging to a group.

• Positive stereotypes– Positive stereotypes are traits and characteristics that are favorable.

negative stereotypes– Negative stereotypes are traits and characteristics that are unfavorable.

• Counter-types- When a producer tries to break stereotypes. For example changing the main signifier.

• Misrepresentation– the action or offence of giving a false or misleading account of the nature of something

• Selective representation– When a group of people are more represented than others, this is used to push forward the idea.

• Dominant ideology– dominant ideology denotes the attitudes, beliefs, values, and morals shared by the majority of the people in a given society.

• Constructed reality– The belief that we act and behave in a certain due to the influence media has on us.

• Hegemony– media hegemony means the dominance of certain aspects of life. The dominance a group has over other groups.

• Audience positioning–

Positive and negative stereotypes: Positive stereotypes are when a certain type of person is portrayed positively for example women are warm and caring whereas a negative stereotype is more negative and disrespectful like women can’t drive.

Counter-types: This is when a stereotype normally negative is opposed and contrasted against in normally a more positive sense, like the game Tomb Raider whose main character Lara Croft is portrayed as strong and independent where as women are normally portrayed as weak and reliant on a man.

Misrepresentation: It is when you give fake or misleading information that could have a negative impact on a certain state or action.

Selective representation: Is when a certain person or group is purposely represented and focused more on than others.

Dominant ideology: Is the communal and more dominant beliefs, value, morals and ideas of a group.

Constructed reality: Is argued by sociologists that it is what they call habitualization, which is a society created by humans and their interactions.

Hegemony: A certain type of dominance or authority figure in certain area in life, for example the manager of the office is the authority figure, the boss.

Audience positioning: Is the way the creator has controlled and manipulated how the audience perceive’s and understands the ideology of the media in a certain way.

Positive and negative stereotypes : A stereotype is the general way people expect things to be, specific beliefs on looks, personality, behavior , good or bad. E.g blondes are stupid.

Counter- types : This is when the opposite of a stereotype occurs. E.g stereotype= woman needs rescuing Counter- type = woman is the hero

Misrepresentation : to give false or misleading representation with intent to deceive. E.g A really skinny model advertises weight loss tea and makes you believe drinking it will make you look like her but in reality she is edited.

Selective representation : Choosing to only show certain parts of an image or issue. E.g war info, only see what the opposition has done to make you dislike them but not show the bad things your country has done so they seem heroic and good.

Dominant ideology : It agrees with what we believe should be in place or happening or agreeing with certain stereotypes. E.g a hero should be a handsome kind man saving the day.

Constructed reality : The way we present ourselves or things to the world in a way we want those things to be seen either because that’s what we think we should be or look like or because we’ve been influenced by other factors. E.g what we post on Instagram creating our social identity we post what we want to be seen as.

Hegemony : the dominance or authority of certain aspects in life E.g student government leadership in a school.

Audience positioning : the techniques used by the creator to control how the audience sees and understands the ideology of the media form presented.

Fluidity of identity : our identity is fluid and distinctively our own and is shaped by our culture, race, how we were raised and educated etc and can change all the time

Constructed identity : forming of a person by the way a certain society feels and the culture they believe in. E.g a christian mother will stay at home and look after her children and always take them to church on a Sunday.

Negotiated identity : changing someones beliefs and identity by the use of cultural beliefs and the mass media. E.g someone who thinks they like apples watches lots of TV about apples and now they love apples.

Fluidity of identity: The flexibility of the gender spectrum.

Constructed identity: How we learn about our own identity through interactions with others.

Collective identity : a persons feeling of belonging within a certain community or group. E.g a football player feeling like they’re part of their team and feeling valued within that team.