History:

• 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the i.
• The first issue of the i went on sale for 20p on 26 October 2010
• Starting on 7 May 2011 a Saturday edition was published, with more pages and at the price of 30p
• This increased to 40p in January 2014, with the weekday edition rising to 30p. 
•  In September 2016, the price was raised to 60p, with the weekday edition rising to 50p.

Editors:

1. 2010: Simon Kelner
2. 2011: Stefano Hatfield
3. 2013: Oliver Duff

2016-2018:

• On 11 February 2016, it was revealed that regional publisher Johnston Press, which owned the Yorkshire Post and The Scotsman, were in the advanced stages of talks to buy the i for around £24 million.
•  a new, redesigned, version of the weekend edition of the i went on sale, costing 80p. This relaunch of the weekend paper saw circulation rise by around 30,000, to around 290,000 of the first edition of the redesigned paper being sold. By August 2018, the weekend edition had become the strongest day of trading for the i.
•  the owners of the i, Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million

2019:

On 14 September 2019, The i weekend price rose from £1 to £1.20.

On 29 November 2019, it was announced that JPIMedia had sold the i newspaper and website to the Daily Mail and General Trust, which owns the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline. Lord Rothermere, the chair of DMGT, said that the paper would maintain its politically independent editorial style.

Left-libertarianism, or left-wing libertarianism, is a political philosophy which stress both individual freedom and social equality. … While maintaining full respect for personal property, left-libertarians are opposed to private property and the private ownership of the means of production.

“a public space between the private domain and the state in which public opinion was formed and ‘popular’ supervision of government was established”

public sphere “a neutral zone where access to relevant information affecting the public good is widely available, where discussion is free of domination and where all those participating on public debates do so in an equal basis”.

“the media is to act as a public watchdog”.

regulation state or free market?

in relation to the media…

who regulates the press? (e.g. government or state)…

or is it a free market in which it is only run by the media/press… curran says “only by anchoring the media to the free market is it possible to ensure the medias complete independence from the government”.

curran says ” once the media becomes subject to public regulation, it will loose its bite as a watchdog”.

public opinion was formed and ‘popular’ supervision of the government was established.

Habermas public sphere public interest

public sphere: public began to interact and form protests to challenge people with higher power e.g. government.

connecting people horizontally rather than vertically which was usually someone in controll who had power e.g. monarch

the idea began through connecting in coffee shops(community spaces) people communicated through leaflets that used to be left in the coffee shops.

leaflets then go through mass production and big companies then start publishing news papers this occurred in the industrial revolution this was the change in the media that we know today.

Habermas believes that democracy depends on a public which is informed, aware and which debates the issues of the day.

Habermass believes that the mass media has resulted in a reduction in PLURALITY there are fewer voices discussing the news

he also believes that the mass media and globalisation has reduced the effectiveness of the public sphere.

‘normative framework is a fundamental presumption that the media do serve the public interest or general welfare whether by decision or chance’.

how do we benefit everyone in society? public control or deregulation: everyone controlling the media (extension of the free market)

curran public service solution

structures of ownership: where people with higher power know each other and use each other to generate profit.

the role of advertising: used to manipulate audience viewers get manipulated/persuaded by the information they are recieving from the media.

Links with the establishment: advertisers provide viewers plus profits to conglomerates and in return get the viewers

diversionary tactics-flack: being side lined by the media as you are opposing the medias original beliefs e.g carroll caldwalldor has been sued by major tech companies due to her opposing and going against these companies.

uniting against a common enemy: media persuading audiences to support or oppose a certain thing or person e.g. media being persuaded to vote for trump in the elections.

agenda setting: creation of public awareness and concern of the big issues by the news media. media attempts to influence viewers and attempts to establish a hierarchy of news importance

framing: how something is presented to the audience influences the choices that people make about how to process that information.

myth making: the influence of agenda setting and framing can create myths- common beliefs in the media about how the world should be the things we value and how we must act to become correct.

conditions of consumption: so we have media that has been framed and presented to us in order to meet an agenda or support a myth.

Technology and Newspapers
Production	Distribution		Consumption
computer	large scale printing press		phones tv computers tablets headphones websites
camera	lorries vans cars
pen pencil paper	stacks shelves
word processor
printer
telephone
audio recorder

Noam Chomsky Manufacturing consent:

Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion

3 quotes

the link between ownership of news organisations and news coverage is not easy to determine.

advertising in news papers attracts small concentrated elite audience.

major media conglomerates control more and more of the worlds media.

(Theodore Vail) what is the network effect?  Network Effects describes the phenomenon how the value of a good or service increases as more people start to use that good or service

(Norbert Wiener) feedback loop theory? Cybernetics is a transdisciplinary approach for exploring regulatory systems—their structures, constraints, and possibilities. … Cybernetics includes the study of feedback, black boxes and derived concepts such as communication and control in living organisms, machines and organizations including self-organization.

(Robin Dunbar) Dunbar number? 150 is the number of individuals with whom any one person can maintain stable relationships.

Who really benefits from a digitally networked society? Big business or individuals? Refer to ‘loop theory’ and the ‘Dunbar number’? I believe the big businesses benefit from a digitally networked society. This is because as the loop theory and the Dunbar number suggests individuals only connect with 5 or 6 people where as big businesses will benefit from connecting with millions and studying their interests to make profits.

endless: for example once you have finished a book its finished you wont be able to read more on that book where as with new media if you read something their can be endless research and post about it.

Share: for example a book old media once finished might be given away where as new media once something is posted multiple people can re post it to others sooner or later that same post may become viral. teen vouge originally was a magazine where as now it has a website/ facebook page

Marshall McLuhan

Herbert Marshall McLuhan CC was a Canadian philosopher. His work is one of the cornerstones of the study of media theory. Born in Edmonton, Alberta, McLuhan studied at the University of Manitoba and the University of Cambridge.

McLuhan coined the expression “the medium is the message” and the term global village, and predicted the World Wide Web almost 30 years before it was invented. He was a fixture in media discourse in the late 1960s, though his influence began to wane in the early 1970s. In the years after his death, he continued to be a controversial figure in academic circles. With the arrival of the Internet and the World Wide Web, interest was renewed in his work and perspective

Technology and News Production
Production	Distribution	Consumption
> digital audio recorders > digital cameras >Photoshop adobe/DTP > Blog/web applications > computers > Word processor > Tablets (drawing/design tablet)	> the internet > social media > broadcasts (statellite or terrestrial) > Emails > Hosting sites >You tube > Website > Wifi > IP adess > VPN	> phones > televisions > DAB’s >air-pods > Youtube > Cinema > Apps > USB’s