Teen vogue: Media language. the layaout of the website is heavily influenced through images and short articles.
The genre conventions of the website are mainly focused on celebrity personalities or certain topics within the world such as black lives matter. this links to selection of stories construct a narrative about the world.
Representation: Target audience: teens age 12 to 17
Beyoncé’s BeyGOOD Charity Provided Water, Food, and Monetary Relief to Texans Impacted by the Winter Storm
She’s giving back to her hometown.
BY LAUREN REARICKFEBRUARY 21, 2021
how has new media technologies adjusted individuals and societies?
marshall mclaughlin medium is the message
web pages as teen vogue which are accessible on mobile phones whenever there is an internet connection, allow people to access vital and cultural information easily and quickly
share: Beyonce sharing information Friday, February 19, Beyoncé posted an Instagram Story announcing that anyone impacted by the recent winter storm could apply for a $1000 grant relief.
story:
conversation: twitter, living in an inter generational home can be hard relationship-wise because we have such different ways of thinking. This provokes conversation on their twitter
interface:
endless:
Free platform: online blog is accessible to everyone
Paid platform: Teen Vogue‘s original price was $1.50 it was a magazine.
real-time creation: can be posted almost instantly
Pre-produced/scheduled: info will be from the day before if it is a magazine.
The broadcast tapped into the anxiety of the time. Just ahead of World War II, much of the world was nearly — or already — at war when the program aired.
“The War of the Worlds” was the 17th episode of the CBS Radio series The Mercury Theater on the Air, which was broadcast at 8 pm ET on Sunday, October 30, 1938.
it could be assumed that any reading that took the product as literal truth is oppositional (though this could be challenged if it is considered that the ultimate goal of the producers was to create publicity).
All in all CBS radio’s ultimate goal was to create publicity. CBS were able to create publicity by being headlined on multiple newspaper articles. For example, The new York Times headlined a quote that stated ‘Radio listeners in panic, taking war drama as fact’. This shows how CBS were able to promote publicity through how vulnerable listeners were due to the commotion caused by WW2.
Argument for essay structure: How audiences are more media literate now.
Life Hacks is an example of a transitional media product which reflects changes in the contemporary media landscape (it is the replacement for a previous, similar programme, The Surgery). Life Hacks is both a traditional radio programme with a regular, scheduled broadcast time, but is also available online after broadcast for streaming and downloading. The broadcast itself and the accompanying website provides opportunities for audience interaction, which is central to the programme’s address to its audience. Life Hacks also exemplifies the challenges facing the institution as a public service broadcaster that needs to appeal to a youth audience within a competitive media landscape.
Shirky – end of audience theory. … Audience behaviour has changed due to the internet and the ability for audiences to create their own content at home thanks to the lower cost of technology. This new audience doesn’t just consume media, but also produces it – creating the term ‘prosumer’.
Lasswell’s model of communication (also known as Lasswell’s communication model) describes an act of communication by defining who said it, what was said, in what channel it was said, to whom it was said, and with what effect it was said.
George Gerbner, cultivation is a way of thinking about media effects. Cultivation theory suggests that exposure to media over time subtly cultivates viewers’ perceptions of reality.
Reception theory as developed by Stuart Hall asserts that media texts are encoded and decoded. The producer encodes messages and values into their media which are then decoded by the audience. However, different audience members will decode the media in different ways and possibly not in the way the producer originally intended.
Dominant, or Preferred Reading – how the producer wants the audience to view the media text. Audience members will take this position if the messages are clear and if the audience member is the same age and culture; if it has an easy to follow narrative and if it deals with themes that are relevant to the audience.
Oppositional Reading – when the audience rejects the preferred reading, and creates their own meaning for the text. This can happen if the media contains controversial themes that the audience member disagrees with. It can also arise when the media has a complex narrative structure perhaps not dealing with themes in modern society. Oppositional reading can also occur if the audience member has different beliefs or is of a different age or a different culture.
Negotiated Reading – a compromise between the dominant and oppositional readings, where the audience accepts parts of the producer’s views, but has their own views on parts as well. This can occur if there is a combination of some of the above e.g. audience member likes the media, is of the same age as you and understands some of the messages, but the narrative is complex and this inhibits full understanding.
The primary audience, is Swedish people as the series in spoken in swedish.
The secondary audience, In the wake of the successful series, The Killing became another Scandinavian crime hit with British viewers when it was shown on in the spring of 2011. Although subtitled, it attracted more viewers than, scored audience appreciation figures of 94%, and has been described as “the best series currently on TV”. The success has created an interest in all things Danish, and the female detective’s has been the subject of newspaper articles as well as becoming a sought after online item.
The tertiary audience, As well as the UK, DR also sold the series to a number of other broadcasters worldwide, and The Killing was eventually shown in Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Japan, Russia and Spain with varying degrees of success.
Organisations: Produced by DR in co-production with ZDF Enterprises.
Audience theories: Reception theory Stuart Hall … A more conservative audience may respond negatively to the Swedish liberal attitudes to sex, … To Sofie Gråbøl’s sweatered detective in ‘The Killing.
Definitions:
Production = These are the stages that are created in order to produce a finished piece of media.
Distribution = Refers to how the media source is given to its audience (ie online, DVD, videos and E-Books).
Exhibition = This is how the media source is shown to the audience, such as through a tablet screen or a cinema screen.
What organisations (rather than individuals) are involved in the production, distribution & exhibition of this product?
Who is behind the Production?
There are two versions of this programme: one developed in the US by Netflix and Fox Television Studios and another developed in Danish by Danish production company DR in collaboration with ZDF Enterprises.
Originally, before the programme was taken over by Fox Television Studios and Netflix, it was produced by a production company called DR in collaboration with ZDF Enterprises.
The American version of this TV series was originally created by Veena Sud, it was also produced by Fox Television Studios in collaboration with Fuse Entertainment and later taken over by Netflix
How was “The Killing” Distributed?
In January 2007, it was broadcasted on Danish television for the first time.
Since being broadcasted on Danish television, it has also been distributed to many countries worldwide.
There has been many TV shows based on “The Killing” and it has both a Danish and English (US) version.
The English US version is available on Netflix and the Danish version is available online on Amazon.
What audience theories can be made from this TV show?
Stuart Hall’s theory of reception can be linked to this TV series as there will be 3 types of people: the people who love the series and want to continue watching it, people who may like the series but prefer a different programme and those people who absolutely despise the TV show and prefer to watch an alternative. However, it can be argued that George Gerbner’s cultivation theory can be applied to this TV show as some people may despise it, however, their views might change overtime the more that they see advertisements of the TV show and the more that they hear about people liking the TV show.
Audiences
Primary audience = this would be people who speak and understand Danish as this programme is produced in Danish and would want to watch the TV series again.
Secondary audience = these would be people such as critics and people who aren’t likely to watch the film, however they want to analyse the aspects that go into the TV programme.
Tertiary audience = these are the people that do not want to watch the TV show and they are only watching it because there is a theme that interests them. The tertiary audience for “The Killing” would be people who do not speak/understand Danish and people who like TV shows in the mystery genre. The tertiary audience would not want to re-watch the series again ,unlike the primary audience.
No Offense:
AbbottVision
No Offence is a mainstream television series in which the codes and conventions of the police procedural crime drama are intertwined with aspects of social realism. Detailed analysis of this media form including the process through which media language develops as genre will provide students with an opportunity to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.
Plot:
Single mother Dinah Kowalska, an off duty detective constable, pursues a murder suspect through the streets of Manchester, only for him to get knocked down and killed by a bus.
Curran & Seaton:
writers directors actors and photographers are tasked to give us exciting innovative and aesthetically pleasing products. while thise we call medias business managers are responsible for ensuring the profitability and comercial viability of products.
culture is controlled by social elites: media is controlled by a minority of wealthy institutions often work for the benefits of themselves
Commercial media: An organisation that makes or distrubutes products for ecenomic gains (Profit).
In the UK, the first episode of No Offence launched with 2.5 million viewers, Channel 4‘s biggest midweek drama launch for more than three years.
Horizontal integration: ownership of subsidiaries that produce similar types of products.
Vertical integration: ownership of subsidaries that enable a media producer to produce, promote and distribute products.
Media concentration/media convergence: A term used to describe the reduction in the number of media organisations that produce products.
Hesmondhalgh
case Studies
Star formatting
No offence directed by Paul Abbott is also well known for directing shameless. The killing is directed by Birger Larsen who is well known for his award winning film Dance of the polar Bears.
Changing audience consumption patterns
No offence originally only viewable on channel 4 is now available to view on all 4 at all times. The Killing is now available to view on Amazon Prime video.
Genre based formatting
Both No offence and The killing have females portraying detectives as the lead role on their series.
What is the difference between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?
consumer based media regulation is designed principally to encourage media plurality and to ensure that a diversity of broadcasters operate within the media landscape. Allows audiences to be able to access a broad range of content, opinions and ideas. (What you want).
Citizen based regulation is maintaining acceptable standards of content. Content makers are tasked to ensure that accuracy is maintained. (what you need)
What impact did the 2003 Communications Act have on media regulation?
Allowed consumer based regulation to dominate the media landscape
superseded the Telecommunications Act 1984
Created Ofcom. trying to ensure that the media landscape is not dominated by a single organisation.
Ofcom established institutional structures and roles relating to consumer policy. strikingly little equivalent activity or accountability was forthcoming regarding actions to further citizen interests.
independent television companies were freed up to produce content that was more commercially viable.
lacks the civic minded republicanism that had been fostered within previous regulatory frameworks.
What is the drawback of a self-regulated system?
Allows for wider variety in the media landscape
Freedom to say and do whatever you want
newspapers and advertisers are self regulated
‘Get away with anything’
CATEGORY
FAMILIARITIES: from your chosen CSP’s
DIFFERENCES: from your chosen CSP’s
THEORY
CHARACTERS
Both lead roles are females. Both detectives.
One is from Sweden. One is from England
PROPP, presents the idea of STOCK CHARACTERS, inc ‘hero’, ‘false hero’, Within both shows both lead characters are portrayed as heroes as they are trying to solve a murder as they are detectives.
NARRATIVE
THEMES
REPRESENTATION
TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc)
For my game magazine, I intend to make a football related theme that revolves around the 8-bit design mixed with modernised animation. Incorporating 8-bit within my magazine is a way to challenge the dominant ideology of typical games magazines which are promoted nowadays. The main purpose of my magazine is to target a younger male audience, the most suitable ages are around 4-12 years old. A key aim to attract my target audience is to add a lot of colour within my magazine, as It is football themed, I intend to have a football pitch as the background. The layout of my magazine will be structured in a rule of thirds layout. I intend to incorporate C S Pierce’s theory of semiotics and signs for my iconic sign I am planning to have two 8-bit football characters within the centre of the page to be the main centre of attraction. Bright colours such as blue and yellow and green will be used as a way of drawing the attention of my target audience. My indexical sign will be different coloured fonts within the strapline and the plugs. For my symbolic sign I will use distinct colours to symbolise an actual football kit. For example, I may use blue and white to symbolise Argentina.
Within the contents page I will maintain the football theme and use 2 to 3 main images and a list of key pages which will direct people to particular pages within the magazine. 1 of the images will be used as a dominant signifier to really stand out. Size and scale will be used within the images as the dominant signifier will be larger in size compared to the two other images. I will use different sized text such as Drop Cap the more important pages that are within the list may be highlighted or in a bigger font compared to the other pages.
Within my adverts football will still be the main centre of attention. However, I will use real life football images and animated images to promote the sport further. within the adverts there will be a dominant signifier also it will include anchorage as the dominant signifier will be a sign that fixes meaning. the meaning that will be fixed is the dominant signifier is a footballer the sign that fixes meaning is a football that will be included with the dominant signifier
The advert was produced and released in 1967 which is the same period of time where equal pay act was introduced 1970.
Both men and women wore clothes for the jungle however the woman had more revealing clothing which depicts the sexualisation in that period.
The setting of the jungle is a tough environment which requires a tough male character.
It is also important to note that all of the models seem to be British and are all white. This is probably due to the fact that racism was still around around the time of this advert. Furthermore, the male model has muscular, hairy arms which further creates an extremely heterosexual advert.
Jean Kilbourne
“Children growing up today are bombarded from a very early age with graphic messages about sex and sexiness in the media and popular culture.” ― Jean Kilbourne, So Sexy So Soon: The New Sexualized Childhood, and What Parents Can Do to Protect Their Kids
Jurgen Habermas proposed the theory of the public sphere. This theory suggests a free space where access to relevant information affecting the public good is widely available, , where discussion is free of domination and where all those participating on public debates do so in an equal basis”.
Both papers support Habermase’s theory due to the wide range of news information that serve the public interest. This allows all generations to interact with certain aspects of the news information and freely discuss the information. In relation to The i and The daily mail both papers support 2 different political parties. For example, Th I is more Liberal they do not openly support a particular party. The paper itself is run by free press and runs more as a public watch dog which regulates free press. Where as The daily mail is right wing they support the conservatives and is not as central as The I.
The paper is owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust.Jonathan Harmsworth, 4th Viscount Rothermere, a great-grandson of one of the original co-founders, is the current chairman and controlling shareholder of the Daily Mail and General Trust, while day-to-day editorial decisions for the newspaper are usually made by a team led by the editor, Geordie Greig, who succeeded Paul Dacre in September 2018.
A survey in 2014 found the average age of its readers was 58
Support of fascism
Rothermere’s article from the issue dated 15 January 1934.
Lord Rothermere was a friend of Benito Mussolini and Adolf Hitler, and directed the Mail’s editorial stance towards them in the early 1930s.
Scottish, Irish, Continental and Indian editions
Continental and Overseas Daily Mail
Two foreign editions were begun in 1904 and 1905; the former titled the Overseas Daily Mail, covering the world, and the latter titled the Continental Daily Mail, covering Europe and North Africa.[75]
The newspaper entered India on 16 November 2007 with the launch of Mail Today,[76] a 48-page compact size newspaper printed in Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida with a print run of 110,000 copies. Based around a subscription model, the newspaper has the same fonts and feel as the Daily Mail and was set up with investment from Associated Newspapers and editorial assistance from the Daily Mail newsroom
Editorial stance
The Mail has traditionally been a supporter of the Conservatives and has endorsed this party in all recent general elections. While the paper retained its support for the Conservative Party at the 2015 general election, the paper urged conservatively inclined voters to support UKIP in the constituencies of Heywood and Middleton, Dudley North and Great Grimsby where UKIP was the main challenger to the Labour Party
Oh is about new ways of looking inside ourselves and out at the world. A mindfulness magazine with a fresh perspective – wheremindfulness is nothing more of less magical than the good stuff we knit into our days, in the most ordinary ways. You’ll find ample time to reflect and feel, to pause, question and notice; gentler ways to be and do, to live and play. We’re an arms-wide-open mag – inclusive, down-to-earth, and heart-led. We believe that life’s better when we all help each other out, live a kinder life, and just go a hell of a lot easier on ourselves in the process. That’s why you won’t find long lists of stuff to do, buy and ‘be’ in oh – instead, you’ll find deliciously long and transporting reads and deeply human first person stories that celebrate the humble, the frugal and the plentiful; the magic in the mundane, and the unsung beauty of the unnoticed.
If you’re new to Oh, we’re a bi-monthly published in print and digitally, made in London by a small indie publishing house started by three friends.
With beautiful photography and illustration at its heart, oh is a place to meet new people, hear their stories and leave you looking at life with a little, welcome fresh perspective.
our story
Five years ago, three friends and colleagues were working for one of the biggest publishing companies. But we believed there was a better way to create and publish magazines – where the readers were as important as the advertisers, where the paper quality and design were valued and where the words and pictures weren’t always trying to sell stuff, didn’t portray perfection, didn’t tell people what to do and made them feel better, not worse.
So we gave up our jobs, ploughed in our savings and borrowed the rest to set up our own publishing company – Iceberg Press – and buy The Simple Things, followed by Oh Comely two years later. Then, in 2018, we launched Pics & Ink to sell other publishers’ independent, beautiful and useful magazines too. It’s been hard work but the smell of every fresh-printed issue in our hands is a note to self to savour the good times.
Media concentration: ownership is a process whereby progressively fewer individuals or organizations control increasing shares of the mass media.
Conglomerates: multi-industry company – i.e., a combination of multiple business entities operating in entirely different industries under one corporate group, usually involving a parent company and many subsidiaries. Conglomerates are often large and multinational.
Globalisation (in terms of media ownership): is the worldwide integration of media through the cross-cultural exchange of ideas, while technological globalization refers to the cross-cultural development and exchange of technology.
Vertical Integration: Media Company owns different businesses in the same chain of production and distribution. … When a company expands its business into areas that are at different points on the same production path, such as when a manufacturer owns its supplier and/or distributor.
Horizontal Integration: where an organisation develops by buying up competitors in the same section of the market e.g. one music publisher buys out other smaller music publishers. BBC | Dragons’ Den Definition: A situation when two firms in the same industry and at the same stage of production come together.
Gatekeepers: a process by which information is filtered to the public by the media. … This news perspective and its complex criteria are used by editors, news directors, and other personnel who select a limited number of news stories for presentation to the public. (Somebody who is exerting power)
Regulation: Media regulations are rules enforced by the jurisdiction of law. Guidelines for media use differ across the world.
Deregulation: reduction or elimination of government power in a particular industry, usually enacted to create more competition within the industry. Over the years the struggle between proponents of regulation and proponents of no government intervention have shifted market conditions.
Free market: economic system based on supply and demand with little or no government control. … Based on its political and legal rules, a country’s free market economy may range between very large or entirely black market.
Monopolies: market structure characterized by a single seller, selling a unique product in the market. In a monopoly market, the seller faces no competition, as he is the sole seller of goods with no close substitute.
Mergers: a merger or acquisition in which 2 or. more of the undertakings involved. carry on a media business in the. State; or.
David Hesmondhalgh
David Hesmondhalgh is among a range of academics who critically analyse the relationship between media work and the media industry. In his seminal book, The Culture Industries. A critical reflection that highlights the ‘myth-making’ process surrounding the potential digital future for young creatives, setting up a counter-weight against the desire of so many young people who are perhaps too easily seduced to pursue a career in the creative industries.
Rupert murdoch media empire:
Organizations founded: Fox News, Sky Group, Sky News,
Murdoch dynasty regulation when he went to Uk he wanted control over all of sky however in the Uk it is against the law to own all news organisations. Therefore he only owns 39% of sky.
Theorists Chomsky: Manufacturing consent in relation to Murdoch this was when he influenced the Uk public to support the labor part and get tony Blair elected as prime minister.
