The i is a British national morning paper published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at “readers and lapsed readers” of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent. It was later acquired by Johnston Press in 2016 after The Independent shifted to a digital-only model. The i came under the control of JPIMedia a day after Johnston Press filed for administration on 16 November 2018.The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million.On 6 December 2019 the Competition and Markets Authority served an initial enforcement order on DGMT and DMG Media Limited requiring the paper to be run separately pending investigation.
The i was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.
Since its inception, the i has expanded its layout and coverage, adding special sections for notable events and revamping its weekend edition. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than The Independent, though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019. The paper is classified as a ‘quality’ in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.
Format
The i is tabloid-size and stapled, and the first issue contained 56 pages. The Friday edition of the paper, which contains the “Friday” section, has a slightly increased page count, at around 65. The weekend version of the paper is significantly larger than the weekday version, containing 87 pages. The i prides itself on having no supplements, something common in many other quality British newspapers, saying they want to give readers the best experience without supplements that “clog up” recycling bins.The newspaper contains “matrices” for news, business and sports—small paragraphs of information which are expanded upon in full articles further on in the paper.The title also includes a features section titled iQ, Arts and Business sections and a television guide.
The managing director of The Independent stated several days before the newspaper went into print that the publication is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper.On 20 April 2011, editor Simon Kelner announced that a Saturday edition of the i would be published, starting from 7 May 2011 and costing 30 pence, 10 pence more than the weekday version. The paper is now 65p on weekdays and £1.20 at the weekend, running Monday to Saturday (although the Saturday edition is also sold on Sunday).
The paper now runs a subscription, whereby customers can buy pre-paid vouchers to exchange for their copy of the paper. The subscription can be either six months or a year long and can be chosen Monday to Friday or including Saturday. There is also a discounted student subscription that lasts for one academic year.
The i takes a political stance on the centre of the political spectrum, with many front-page headline articles being concerned with social issues and inequality – but it also claims to be politically balanced and to publish points of view from both left and right.
Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the i. His column usually features in the “My View” comment section of the paper.
During an interview for the i in December 2017, Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the i, saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty’s Opposition.
During the referendum on the United Kingdom’s membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either “leave” or “remain”, unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.
In the 2017 UK general election, the i chose not to endorse a political party.
Target Audience
“i is specifically targeted at readers and lapsed readers of quality newspapers and those of all ages,” the publisher said. “i will combine intelligence with brevity and depth with speed of reading, providing an essential daily briefing.”
Cost
80p
Circulation
221,083October 2019
Profit
The owners of the i, Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million.
“for rethink the democratic role of the media is provided by a seminal study by Habermas”
“discussions in coffee houses and salons etc created… a new public engaged in critical political discussion”
A public space between the private domain and the state in which public opinion was formed and “popular” supervision of the government was established”
“the primary democratic role of the media is to act as a public watchdog”
“once the media becomes a subject to public regulation it will lose its bite”
“reconceptualized and reincarnated in a new form”
‘the watchdog is said to override in importance all other functions of the media”
“regulation state or free market?” liberal or concervative
Habermas was a germansociologist/ philospher- the public sphere
Habermas believes that democracy depends on a public which is informed aware and which debates the issue of the day.
“A PUBLIC SPACE BETWEEN THE PRIVATE DOMAIN AND THE STATE IN WHICH PUBLIC OPINION WAS FORMED AND ‘POPULAR’ SUPERVISION OF GOVERNMENT WAS ESTABLISHED” (P. 82: 1996)
we started off isolated before we could read and write
the public sphere connected people horizontally of class and not vertically
one point was that we were connecting in community spaces eg coffee shops, libraries
we were more venerable as a society when we could read or write as we had all of our trust and reliability in the vertically high class.
from communicating spaces in to mass media companies they try to control and dominate the public sphere so the direction of information became vertical again
the whole idea of the internet was to change the public sphere to connect with friends better but after a couple years the mass media was controlling the space more by placing in there
haber, as belies that the mass media has resulted in a reduction in plurality there are fewer voices discussing the news
Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media is a 1988 book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky, in which the authors propose that the mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive to promote a political cause or point of view., by reliance on market forces, internalised assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, by means of the propaganda model of communication. The title derives from the phrase “the manufacture of consent,” employed in the book Public Opinion (1922), by Walter Lippmann (1889–1974).The consent referred to is consent of the governed.
The book was revised 20 years after its first publication to take account of developments such as the fall of the Soviet Union. There has been debate about how the Internet has changed the public’s access to information since 1988.
useful video to explain more clearly what’s written above
So how does this process of ‘manipulation’ or ‘persuasion’ work?
Structures of ownership-companies advertise their products for you to buy. The government may advertise for you to do something e.g. propaganda (sign up for war).
The role of advertising-Media costs more than consumers will pay: Advertisers fill the gap. Advertisers buy the audience off the media to sell more products. The media as a whole isn’t just selling products to you but they are also selling to advertises with you as the product.
Links with ‘The Establishment’
Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’
Uniting against a ‘common enemy’–
agenda setting- Agenda-setting is the creation of public awareness and concern of the big issues by the news media. The media attempts to influence viewers, and establish a hierarchy of news importance.
Two basic ideas underpin agenda-setting:
the press and the media do not reflect reality; they filter and shape it
media concentrates on a few issues and subjects leads the public to perceive those issues as more important than other issues.
examples are: Brexit Immigration Terrorism Paedophiles The internet/hackers/grooming
Social media reaches a maximum audience, while traditional media’s audience is generally more targeted. Social media is versatile (you can make changes once published), whereas traditional media, once published, is set in stone. Social media is immediate, while traditional can be delayed due to press times
Traditional media allows businesses to target a broad target audience through billboards, print advertising, television commercials, and more. In comparison, new media allows companies to target a narrow target audience through social media, paid online ads, and search results.
MARSHALL MCLUHAN
Perhaps McLuhan’s best known and most commonly studied theory is that of “hot” and “cool” media. In the context of this theory, the terms “hot” and “cool” refer to the degree of interaction between the user, reader, or interpreter of the medium (audience participation). Hot media includes film, print media, radio, photographs, and even the phonetic alphabet, all of which possess a certain “rigidity” (for lack of a better word) in the sense that viewers have to interact with the medium less and do not have to derive their own meaning from it to the same extent that they would with cool media (McLuhan 23). For instance, when an audience is shown a film or a photograph, they passively experience what is being presented to them; hardly any action is required at all as they can experience the medium in full without interacting with it on a deeper level. McLuhan states in Understanding Media, “Any hot medium allows of less participation than a cool one, as a lecture makes for less participation than a seminar, and a book for less than dialogue…our own time is crowded with examples of the principle that the hot form excludes, and the cool one includes (23). Therefore, hot media can be thought of as any medium in which the audience plays a passive (or, at least, not very active) role, exercising little control over the information that is being consumed.
a big advantage of new media compared to old media that links with (Norbert Wiener) ‘feedback loop theory’
Alex Krotoski is another good theorist to quote in your exam!
What is the network effect? (Theodore Vail)
Summary:how many people use it = the better it is
Can you remember what ‘feedback loop theory’? (Norbert Wiener)
developed in ww2. constant loop of information of action and reaction to be able to predict what happens next. collecting past information to use for future predictions.
What is the Dunbar number? (Robin Dunbar)
its the number of social interactions one person can have with the maximum number being 150 but we really only interact with 5 or 6 on a daily bases
Q:Who really benefits from a digitally networked society? Big business or individuals? Refer to ‘loop theory’ and the ‘Dunbar number’
in my opinion I think that conglomerates benefit more than individuals when referring to the loop theory. Using teen vogue which is a website that giving out in a sense “free information” but is actually uses Norbert Wiener loop theory to get something more valuable then money but individuals data. meaning there actions and patterns of buying habits and interests. by collection this type of data teen vogue can sell that very valuable information to other marketing companies to help them target audiences better by knowing those habits and interests.
Q: How does big business benefit? What commodity do they trade in? Answer: predictive human behaviour. Write out an answer in your own words.
From start to finish, from lyrics to production, Halsey’s third album “Manic” tells a complex story.
BY AAMINA KHAN
Halsey’s New Album “Manic”: A Track-by-Track Review
I’m a firm believer that the first time you hear an album should be front to back and so that’s why I make them that way! Some songs go together. Halves of a whole. so when Manic is out, pls don’t skip ur excited asses to a random song. Just at least not on the first listen 😅 — h (@halsey) January 15, 2020
political
social cultural-The article talks more about the complex mental journey Halsey went through to creating the album. this is more of a radical article in the sense that Halsey opened up about her mentality and in other words weakness and growth she went through
economic contexts
Media Language
How are the codes and conventions of a website used in the product?-The site uses small amounts of images mainly for the thumbnail. The layout of the post is done in paragraphs on the left side with subheadings of song tracks as you move down. with underline lyrics and sentences about the song that link you to “genius lyrics” with the previous underlined sentence highlighted.
How are these conventions used to influence meaning?–
Audience targeting-teen girls interested in Halsey, or teen girls interested in the catching title and sub-heading of the article.
Describing what I have done for my layout is; firstly I created a dominant signifer of the title of the game and the master head at the top of the cover. I chose the layout of the subheadings and text to fit around the main image so it wouldn’t take away the focus of the main character. When consumers looked at my magazine I tried to put into consideration was how the front cover should feel to the consumer. My plan was to make it intrigue the viewer by give a sense of dramatic mystery.
Relating to “Applying Theory Of Audience”, my magazine would relate to the Struggler’s who have the need to escape from reality, which can be achieved in story arch video games. Since storyline video games help relate to gamers, and give a sense of joy playing.
I planned to layout my characters for “Oakvalley” in a “V” formation since I wanted to make the main character stand out the most, to show the importance of the character. I plan for the size of the magazine to be A4 since I don’t want to stretch my characters too much or have too much free space on the front cover. The advantages of keeping it A4 are; it is a suitable size to carry around, either by hand or in bags. Also if I planned to make the magazine anything bigger than A4, for example A3, it would be significantly heaver which is something I don’t want because I want my magazine to be a light weight and appealing magazine.
after creating the characters and background for my front cover I moved onto plugs and subheadings/titles. Now starting on titles I wanted to place the title in a “v” formation underneath the characters to keep the “v” formations of the characters in line with the title so they would both be matching.When choosing fonts for plugs I wanted a soft but sharp font to not convey more formal magazine but more fun “comicy”style that shouts out to kids to buy this magazine. I decided to use a different font for company title by making look more like the fonts used in story books which would usually read”Once Upon A Time…” I wanted the reader to understand maybe not right away but subliminally that the company is the narrator of the story or the company was the conglomerate who owned the magazine that supplied the adventure and mystery to the consumer.
after getting feedback on the front cover I changed my sizes and added more subheadings and plugs to entice more audiences to by the magazine since its widening the amount of contents that would relate or interest the consumer. On my original front cover I left to much space in the magazine so it made my proportions look uneven so by increasing the size of the main character in the middle of the page it evened out the proportions a lot better. after finishing over all I am very pleased with my work on these magazine pages and am proud about the time I’ve spent creating from scratch everything used in them so the magazine is 100% original.
Representation
Asking the question if my games cover is radical, or reactionary. Does my cover goes with the dominant ideology of video game covers, or if does go against them?
I would personally say my cover is radical. my reasoning behind my opinion is;
Firstly the layout, in usually gaming magazines would place their main character as their dominant signifier, on the front cover with no other side characters. (Unless they were important to the story AKA sidekick, or were other protagonists form other video games the magazine is covering). In my cover I have 8 characters in view, so who’s to say who the main character is? There is no big dominant signifier besides the positioning of one blue characters being at the front of the v formation.
references for layout and design for the front magazines
formation ideas charactersstyle ideas of charactersvideo games outfit ideas
back story for video game
I changed my rough idea for my front cover to this new updated gaming cover about a game I created called “Oakvalley”. It’s a story driven, adventure mystery game. The lead character is College dropout blue who returns home to the crumbling former gold mining town of Oakvally seeking to resume his aimless former life and reconnect with the friends he left behind. But things aren’t the same. Home seems different now and his friends have grown and changed. Leaves are falling and the wind is growing colder. Strange things are happening as the light fades. And a town secret is about to be revealed.
Brief About Magazine
this magazine is going to be themed around mystery/adventure video games with hand drawn cartoons done by me
Next Step Forward
I am going to next upload my sketch to photoshop and use it as a background layer to draw on top. I will try to make a lot of different layers for the characters so I’m able to change scales of clothing or accessories
APPLYING THEORY: AUDIENCE
Looking at Maslows hierarchy of needs, my cover and game relates most to the loving belongs, and self-actualization levels in Maslow’s triangle. I think this because, when it comes to storyline games people can build real connections with the characters. So the way the characters are designed and written can give a sense of belonging or love. From the audience having a specific character that they can relate to and adore will help build up a loyalty of the audience. A story game could relate to the self-actualisation level since a certain games plot, could relate to someones home life on a basic or on a deeper level. It’s the same when an audience can relate to a certain character. It can make them feel more invested in the game, since it can help them feel less alone because the character might imitate the audiences feelings or emotions. So this all leads to a person having a subconscious connection to the game and make it more appealing.
double page spread
before feedback double page spreadupdated and finished double page spread
For my double page I want to theme it around the murder mystery games with using inspiration from video games like; bendy and the ink machine, little Misfortune, Fran bow, sally face. by inspiration I mean there art styles/ settings that I can use as backgrounds. I plan to use “Adobe photoshop” to create the double page spread of a landscape sensory that I have edited to give it a more cartoony style. I added my characters on top of the background so the page would have a better connection with the game instead of just being a landscape background. I drew plane with little “blue” characters in them to link to the main character and then scattered other side characters around the environment but placing them in place they would still be spotted and noticed. as a finishing touch on the double page I added orange boarders that were 1 cm each since I felt the page felt like it wasn’t fit for the frame but by adding the visual blocks the page looks a lot more together and fixed. If I was to improve my double page I would have chosen a different topic to talk about on the page, plus more subheadings about different topics in the game instead of just the backstory of the game. since I feel the long paragraphs make the page look less interesting to read and pay attention. unlike if it had shorter snap paragraphs about different sections of the game to keep the audiences attention.
after finishing my double page I am very pleased with how it turned out. this double page took a long time to finish from this whole page being original content that I drew from scratch, doing the background took the longest to draw from the never ending brush strokes needed to create the trees and the mountain sides. After getting my feedback on my original double page spread the things I improved on were the background changing it from a found image to a original by drawing my version of the scenery. since my magazines audience appeals to the younger generation having the enlarged starting letter which is a reference from most story book.
Contents Page
before feed backafter feedback
For my contents page I plan to use one of my references video game pages, for the layout designs. I personally liked the contents page that had the icons of the certain games linking to the page I thought it was a good technique to interest audiences more into buying the magazine as they can see small preview of what the magazine in-tales. I’m going to be using Photoshop to draw all the contents page images, possibly creating the icons to link with the reference content pages. background ideas for the page and I might use “Adobe indesign” for their text breaks and formal styles for their bios. I want the magazine to have the running theme of what age it’s directed to(audience theory). I want the pages text to be more round/soft but bold as well, giving a comic book vibe fitting with the gaming magazine.
I ended up creating my own little scene for the page linking to my video game “OakVally” from the from cover. I placed a character on the page in the same art style as the from cover so it was a noticeable linkage. as well by giving the character pilot goggles and a scarf like the main character has on the front cover. I referenced my colour palette to my double page by using much warmer colours like oranges, yellows and reds.
After getting the feed back I adjusted my format for the sections of content since before they were bit jumbled so now its more aline like proper contents pages in magazines.
Teen Vogue is a former US print magazine and current online publication launched in 2003 as a sister publication to Vogue, targeted at teenage girls. Like Vogue, it included stories about fashion and celebrities. The magazine had also expanded its focus from fashion and beauty to include politics and current affairs.
Condé Montrose Nast, a New York City-born publisher, launched his magazine empire in 1909 with the purchase of Vogue, which was first created in 1892 as a New York weekly journal of society and fashion news. At first, Nast published the magazine under Vogue Company and did not incorporate Condé Nast until 1923.
een Vogue was established in 2003 as a spinoff of Vogue and led by former Vogue beauty director Amy Astley under the guidance of Anna Wintour with Gina Sanders as founding publisher. The magazine is published in a smaller 6¾”x9″ format to afford it more visibility on shelves and some flexibility getting into a digest size slot at checkout stands. Teen Vogue‘s original price was $1.50 (USD)–“about as much as a Chap Stick” media critic David Carr noted–and about half the price of contemporaneous magazines aimed at a similar demographic, like Seventeen and YM. At launch, founding editor-in-chief Astley said that topically, Teen Vogue would focus on doing “what we do well, which is fashion, beauty and style.”Teen Vogue was the first teen-focused addition to the Condé Nast portfolio, previously focused on adult audiences. The publication began with four test issues, then published six issues in 2003 and ten in 2004.
content
fashion
sexuality
politics
teenvogues worth
Halsey was meant to make albums, and it shows
From start to finish, from lyrics to production, Halsey’s third album “Manic” tells a complex story.
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