public sphere

• habermas argues that the development of early modern capitalism brought into being an autonomous arena fof public debate
• the space between the private domain and the state
• public sphere came to be dominated by an expanded state and organized economical interest
• people collectively determine through the processes of rational argument
• the bigger companies get, the more they lose sight of people
• re conceptualized and reincarnate the public sphere in a new form

media watchdog

• primary democratic role of the media is to act as a public watch dog overseeing the state
• regulation, state or free market
• rules and regulations (government) control the media/press
• james curran says you have to the media free form the state
• ‘only by anchoring the media to the free market is possible to ensure the media complete independence from government
• ‘once the media becomes subject to public regulation, it will lost its bite as a watchdog and may even be transformed into a snarling rottweiler in the service of the state

German sociologist

• Habermas – believes that democracy is good and people should know knowledge about the world ( new )
• public space through a private domain where peoples agree on opinions and set things to do together, not supporting the governments actions.

• read and write though communications across the glob

• the whole idea of the public sphere is that it connects people horizontally rather than vertically

• communications started at home through family, the into the public society in libraries and coffee shops. coffee shop culture is known to be really important, as well as travelling as it allows you to connect to people more and allot you to know more knowledge of society.

• helps society change
• mass production – helps companies and co-operations start to take over and start dominating – mass media globalization has reduced the effectiveness of the public sphere = resulted in PLURALITY ( fewer people discussing the news)
• new media technologies is the transformation of the public sphere

strengths

• allows communications

weakness

• poor quality – anonymity
• TMI

concept of public interest endure quotes:

• “the media do serve the public interest or general welfare whether by design or chance”
• “democratic societies there are likely to be grounds on which an argued claim can be made”
• how do we benefit everyone in society? public control, like government or deregulation “extension of the free market, anyone can?

agender setting: perceived as the most important problems and issues facing a society.

framing: framing one story to make it look more important than the other

myth making: making a statement that is not necessarily correct/true

conditions of consumption: sum of information and entertainment taken in by an individual or group.

large companies work with other companies and agree on things that benefit each other rather than actually focusing on their audience.

• structures –

• the role of advertisement – advertisement is the whole process of manipulation and persuasion as it tries get you into buying products/services

• links with The Establishment –

• Uniting against a common enemy –

Who really benefits from a digitally networked society? Big business or individuals? Refer to ‘loop theory’ and the ‘Dunbar number’

i would say that large businesses/companies are the ones who benefit form the digital network society, as linking to the ‘dumber number’ theory, the people who actually know about people and communicate the most with, are large companies. The reason why it is not individuals who are the ones who benefit the most from the digital network society, i because even though they have the potential to connect to millions of people, they only communicate/know a very small variety.

what is the network effect? (Theodore Vail)

how the value of a good or service increases as more people start to use it

can you remember what feedback loop theory? (Norbert Wiener)

constant loop of information – allows us to produce future actions from habits of the past – allows us to successful hit the target market

what is the Dunbar number (Robin Dunbar)?

relationships in which an individual knows who each person is and how each person relates to every other person

companies communicate to millions of people

individuals have the potential to, however only communicate with a small quantity

endless

• old media, for example a book, you read it and once you are finished you leave it.

• new media, for example, phones, you can research more about the content ( you can look at photos, read articles, and look at similar contents.

share

• old media, for example, books, once finished reading it, you can share the book by giving it to someone else to read. This is a way of sharing and promoting media
• new media, for example, phones, you can share media via applications, such as twitter, email, facebook etc.

stream

for old media

for new media, for example, music, you can stream music by listening to it.

• Canadian philosopher
• July 21, 1911 – December 31, 1980
• wen to Cambridge university
• The Medium Is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects, published in 1967 – best seller – nearly 1 million copies sold worldwide

Production	Distribution	Consumption
> digital audio recorders > digital cameras > Photoshop > adobe > computers > word processes > tablets	> the internet > social media > broadcasts (statellite or terrestrial) > emails > website > wifi > IOS, Androide > IP Address > VPN	> phones > televisions > DAB’s > cinema > air-pods > youtube > apps > charging cable > USB