an ICONIC SOUND will actually sound like its’ object – person
An INDEXICAL SOUND, will create an association to it’s object – sound of movement (this changes through microphone placements, sound processing and reverb
SYMBOLIC SOUND is one that is more arbitrary, random and vague – sound effects (echo)
Radio, like moving image, is LINEAR and SEQUENTIAL, in that it moves in a chronological order, from (a) beginning to (an) end. In this respect, it is important to refer to NARRATIVE THEORYwhen trying to understand and de-code radio meaning
It eventually received a limited theatrical release in the UK on 20 May 2016.
It was then acquired by MUBI UK, and had its British TV premiere on FilmFour April 2017. It received its DVD and Blu-ray release by Network on 18 September 2017.
Funding In order to make Chicken, director Joe Stephenson raised £110,000. Key points:
Filmed in 19 days, almost all external locations so victim to rain, issues with lighting etc.
No distribution deal secured in 2014
Alongside film festivals, new technology was vital to promoting Chicken to a wider audience:
Some traditional marketing: trailer, film poster with review quotes etc.
Social media very important to market film – Facebook, Twitter, YouTube.
Film available on-demand now; Stephenson hoping for deal with Netflix or Amazon Prime to bring in revenue and find wider audience.
essay plan
talk about distribution companies involved
Livingston and lunt learnt about the 2003 communications act – law about small production companies having a chance to show their films, rather than Hollywood films
curran and seaton – we are seeing more diverse media – main character who has learning difficulties and lives in an urban environment (caravan)
Start your essay with a short introductory paragraph that outlines your intention for this essay. So think – what is it you want to argue / discuss / present in this essay?
Show knowledge of the film industry, specifically the key stages of: production, distribution, consumption
position contemporary film production within a couple of key theoretical positions for example:
Hesmondhalgh’s ideas that mitigate the ‘risky business’ of cultural production. – even though he didn’t make money from the film, he was able to show society about the urban and poor environment of the world through the and the understanding (didnt make money, wanted to educate soiety
Curran and Seaton’s arguments for a more diverse media landscape.
Livingstone and Lunt’s suggestion that cultural production exists in a loosely regulated framework, biased towards a consumers rather than citizen model.
The impact of new media technologies for cultural production.
Present details of the CSP (Chicken) but make sure you focus on production, distribution and consumption and NOT on a textual analysis of the film – remember the examiner / assessor is assuming that you may not have seen the film.
“media formats that are successful are replicated to deliver mass audiences “
– no offence has audience to uk tv and french tv, on Channel 4 and France 2.
– the killing was a danish police procedural drama tevelision seires created by soren sveistrup and produced by DR in co-production with ZDF Enterprise. Premired on Danish national televison channel DR1 on January 7th 2007
united kingdom – aired on BBC Four ( remake aired in 2011)
– it has been broadcasted in several countries (particularly united kingdom, Germany and the Netherlands.
– proved to be an international success – receiving numerous awards and nominations including a BAFTA Award and an international Emmy.
“The media industry is driven by the twin forces of creativity and business”
“vertical integration enables conglomerates to control the production and distribution and distribution of media products”
Look at the advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for your chosen CSP TV series and think about how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences across local, national and global scales.
hypodermic needle theory – is a model of communication suggesting that an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the receiver.
The Killing – advertise to attract people who enjoy crime/thriller/horror genres.
netflix advertisement before it was taken off the production company
produces dark, eerie and sinister looking advertisements
The advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for the series demonstrate how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences – we can link this to Cultivation theory (Gerbner)
uses of gratification – they have produce content in order to fulfill the desires of potential audiences – people who enjoy crime and murder genres. (even though this is something we shouldn’t make as entertainment, as stated by Livingstone and Lunt, as think the needs of a citizen are in conflict with the needs of the consumer, because protection can limit freedom. They noticed that regulating media to protect citizens from harmful content can limit freedom of expression. So we can argue that showing crime and murder ( harmful content) can increase freedom of expression
No Offence – advertised to attract the similar audience to the killing
produces dark and eerie adverts to showcase the criminal drama that is involved.
made adverts for English TV (channel 4 and french TV (France 2)
This means that different audiences interpretations reflect social, cultural and historical circumstances – which provide an insight into audience similarities and differences across local, national and global audiences.
No offence
– provides a wide range of representational areas to explore: gender, location, city, race etc (represents Manchester and its implications of crime
-deals with a range of social, cultural and political issues arising from comtemporay contexts. – the Manchester police force is used as a microcosm of society – focus of case featuring children with downs syndrome explores the position of people with disabilities in wider society.
-tv series that shows codes and conventions of the police procedural crime drama – combined with aspects of social realism
-allows students to be educated as it enables us to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.
The production, distribution and exhibition of many television shows how audiences can be reached, both on a national and global scale, through different media technologies and platforms, moving from the national to transnational through broadcast and digital technologies.
-No offence was made for both english tv and french tv
What is the difference between between a consumer based media regulation system and a citizen based regulation system?
consumer based media: when companies focus on creating media in a way of focusing on consumers needs and desires.
citizen based media: when companies are aware of people how have no money – based around all of societies wants – based around the government – produce content that contributes to the social and cultural health.
what impact did the 2003 communications act have on media regulations?
designed by the labour government
introduced Ofcom
good as it helps the UK television industry become competitive in the globalized media landscape of the late twentieth century.
tries to ensure tat the media landscape is not dominated by a single organisation. ( according to livingstone and lunt)
they argued that Ofcom established institutional structures and roles relating to consumer policy, striking, little equivalent activity or accountability was for-coming regarding actions to further citizen interest.”
Ofcom
advertising standards authority – overseas complaints made by members of the public regarding adverts
independent press organisation – the semi official press regulator for the UK overseas reader.
we all have to contribute to TV companies like BBC – if o one paid for TV licence then channels like BBC would not exist as no one would be paying for it.
what is the drawbacks of a self-regulated system
you can hold yourself accountable so therefore it isn’t fair – The press will do what they want to do to ensure they make money.
the leverson ” millie dowler” inquiry relates to the regulation of media companies – rules are put in place
we live in a society of Neo Liberalism = let people say what they want – allows for freedom of choice but is not always ethical and can b seen as offensive and disrespectful.
The killing – is about murder – you have to make something that sells – livingstone and lunt `believes that society has gone to far – freedom has taken over to far.
How do you regulate media content and organisation on global scale?
make a global well known rules and regulations
not only regulate media content , but regulate media technologies – ideas around how technology (twitter) influence media (Donald trumps twitter was taken down, in order to regulate media.)
No Offence used the concept of serialisation as they tried to reduce risks by producing a range of series in the hope that some will be successfull.
internalisation
star formatting
The Killing uses the Canadian actor Evan bird who is best known who playing in Maps to the Stars (also gets more Canadian audiences – increasing the global internalisation of the film) No Offence used the Irish actress, Elaine Cassisdy, who was also best known who playing the lead character in the american tv series Harpers island ( could also gain audience from Ireland )
genre-based formatting
The killing has orignally danish film, which was then reproduced into an english film. This was unabled them to reshape the “product” for a new audience, a different language (danish to english)
serialisation
No Offence created a 3rd series, however it wasn’t successful
The Killing is an American crime drama television series that premiered 2007 , on AMC, based on the Danish television series Forbrydelsen (The Crime).
film was originally danish, however was reproduced in April 3, 2011, in english language – this helped target a more national and global audience, as it gained a larger audience through having a recreating in a different language.
No Offfence
No Offence is a British television police procedural drama on Channel 4, created by Paul Abbott. It follows a team of detectives from Friday Street police station, a division of the Manchester Metropolitan Police (a fictional version of the Greater Manchester Police). Looks at social issues in Manchester
produced by Paul Abbots company AbbottVision – an independent company – Paul Abbots also wrote the shameless ( an American comedy drama.
deals with a range of social, cultural and politcal issues arising from comtemporay contexts. – the Manchester police force is used as a microcosm of society – focus of case featuring children with downs syndrome explores the position of people with disabilities in wider society.
The economic context can be explored through
patterns of ownership and production and how the product is marketed nationally and globally.in the uk, first e.p was launched with 2.5 million viewers – aired on Channel 4 (Biggest mid week drama for around 3 years)
the series average remained at 2.5 million and finished 47% up on channel 4s slot average
In France, the first episode was launched in 2016, feb 26th on the channel France 2 – watched by 5.46 million viewers , 20.4% of tv audience.
tv series that shows codes and conventions of the police procedural crime drama – combined with aspects of social realism
genre = crime – allows students to be educated as it enables us to understand and reflect on the dynamic nature of genre.
miss en scene ( arrange of props, scenery etc)
provides a wide range of representational areas to explore: gender, location, city, race etc (represents Manchester and its implications of crime.
The advertising campaigns (trailers, websites at home and abroad) for the series demonstrate how media producers target, attract and potentially construct audiences – we can link this to Cultivation theory (Gerbner)
cast:
Joanna Scanlan – a cast iron cop
Elaine Cassidy – a strong yet impulsive member of the team
Alexandra Roach – equally brillant detective
CATEGORY
SIMILARITIES
DIFFERENCES
THEORY
CHARACTERS
– They both have female detectives – both have a similar instinct on the case
(The Killing) has the main detective as female
PROPP ( presenting areas of stock charaters) – both present a stock character of. hero and a villian
NARRATIVE
(The killing) found out she was dead at start, normally they are found dead at the end
TODOROV/CHATMAN/TODOROV – both series use key themes to structure stories and characters around themes of family, community, law and order and justice.
THEMES
The killing – murder story No Offence – police team is dedicated to enforcing law and justice in a criminal ridden area. ( Manchester)
identity
LEVI-STRAUSS
REPRESENTATION
radical response- the detectives are females, normally seen as males.
PIERCE / BARTHES / SAUSSURE (SEMIOTICS) radical and reactionary representation of police, family, law and order – this is seen through a range of signs from audio, visual graphics, narrative etc.
TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc)
clues are identified throughout the series
curran and seaton
power without responsibility is concerned ( media landscapes has fallen under the control of global media conglomerates )
creaitivity vs commericality
media industry is driven by the force of creativity and business
media creatives – writers, directors, photographers – tasked to give us exciting athesticaly pleasing products
media business managers –
are curran and seaton right in suggesting that mass audience products tend to be sanitised or lightweight?
conglomerate advanatages
argue that prohibitive costs and risks associated with the production of media products has resulted in the organisation of media companies into vertically and horizontally aligned conglomerates.
COMMERICAL MEDIA – an organisation that makes or distributes products for economic gain. – makes profit for entertainment purposes.
No offence production company (abbotvison, an independent television production company) aired the programme on channel 4, making a profit of
horizontal integration = no offen was made by a independent production company called abbottvison, and has then aired onto the company channel 4.
vertically integration =
the killing: the produced by DR in coproduction with ZDF enterprises ( media company in minz germany)
no offence:
media concentration and media convergence =
The Killing is a detective crime drama that originally premiered on AMC. After two seasons AMC decided to cancel the series, but after a renegotiation between FOX and Netflix
I will be focusing on my NEA 4 production. I will create a music video to promote an artist. I will be filming in at least 2 locations, with one character. My genre of music will be orchestral alternative Hiphop. I have collected my non copyright music from Youtube.
In preparation for my music video, I collected ideas by looking at music videos. the main music videos i have taken inspiration from Harry Styles, BTS, and Christina Perri.
My idea will portray scenes where the protagonist is looking sad and disconsolate. I will have scenes using natural lighting, studio lighting and under water sequences. Furthermore, i will introduce most of my scenes in slo-motion, as i fell it gives a more ambient and dramatic effect.
I will use Lasswells Theory of the Hypodermic model to ensure the music videos message is directly received and accepted the receiver. My audience would be more for young individuals who enjoy alternative hip hop music.
I intend to create a 4 page music magazine of the artist where it will focus on the secrets and struggles of being an artist. For my front cover magazine, I plan to portray style similar to Billboard magazines. I will have one large image covering the whole page, with the title centered at the top and minimal complimentary writing around the photograph. I will be using the theory of preferred reading. I will make a media product (magazine) where i put ideas in the texts which i will expect my audience to understand. Stuart Hall calls this a preferred reading, as this is what the producers of the text wanted them to understand. However, each audience is different, so they might understand the text completely different to what was intended.
I will be using the theory of uses and gratification, that was developed by Katz, Gurevitch and Haas (1973). The audience will watch this as escapism from the real world, and also a way of understanding the world in what we live in. As the artist portrays her feelings through the narrative theory, this allows the audience to understand the way artists really fell behind all the media. This also links with the cultivation theory, as the story behind the music video is all about how the media can change the way people feel, as being a well known artist can be overwhelming and difficult, making their identity fragmented.
