• released in 1967 – swinging 60s ( drugs and sex were at their peak
• seen as a period of change in uk in regards in the changing attitudes towards role of women and men in society.
• equal pay act was introduced in 1970
• homosexuality was decriminalised 1967
• contraceptive pill was introduced around this time
• reinforce traditional stereotypes at that time in order to cam those individuals who did not like the drastic changes that were occurring.
• costumes were suitable for camping
• women – short sleeve shirts + extremely short skirts = sexualised and perceived as objects
• makeup is heavy + smoky = creating a seductive nature = reinforcing male gaze
• setting (jungle) created to be harmonious with costume choices
• jungle = represents Britain colonial values + british empire that was slowly starting to fall apart at the time of the release of advert
• perhaps the producers chose to set it here to reassure the public that britian is there in power of many countries
• jungle is a dangerous place that requires a tough male character – reinforces extreme heterosexuality of advert
• main prop is gun male is proudly holding – creates a traditional view of men where they are expected to be strong, brave, and protective = makes him seen appear powerful which depicts men as the dominant ones in society.
• ALSO depicted as a phallic symbol that informs male target audience that the score hair cream will give them women and pleasure.
• pedestal that women are carrying the male on – men are above women in society
• Judith butler = gender performity – multiple identites are formed to different people
• laura mulvey = male gaze = ideas of scopophillia – pleasure of looking – fetishism – cuts of specific pats to enhance other features
• van zoonen = gender is constructed – permanently being reconstructed
• bell hooks = struggle to end male patriachary – women carry double burden of being colonialized by imperial powers + subordinated by colonial and native men

ideas to talk about:

• Grammy 2021 outfit opinions
• top ten holiday destinations
• disastrous stories from the public
• top netflix shows

summary:

MUSIC – best songs of all time/Grammy reviews/best performance of history

SEMIOTICS

barthes

SEMIOTICS:

• signification = the representation or conveying of meaning
• denotation = the literal or primary meaning of a word
• myth = helps to naturalize particular world-views.

pierces

SIGNS:

• symbolic = random link
• indexical = ink
• iconic = looks like object

Ferdinand de saussure

LANGUAGE: linguistics

• connection between a thing and the meaning, where we become attached to
• symbolic interactionism

• signifier =
• signified =

GENRE

neale

GENRE:

• conventions and rules
• sub – genre
• hybridisation
• genres of order and integration
• genre as cultural category

NARRATIVE

todorov and prop

NARRATOLOGY:

• narrative structure =
• equilibrium =
• disruption =
• new equilibrium =

levi strauss

STRUCTURALISM:

• binary oppositions =
• cultural codes =
• ideological reading =
• deconstruction =

prop

CHARACTER TYPES:

• hero, dispatcher, princess, false hero

chatman

NARRATIVE

• satellites = less important, add “fluff” can remove
• kerners = important, moves story, cant remove

freytag

PYRAMID STORY TELLING:

• exposition =
• rising action =
• climax =
• falling action =

POST COLONAILISM

gilroy

ENTHNICITY AND POST MODERNISM:

• diaspora =
• double consciousness =

said

• ORIENTALISM: study of the Orient or the Eastern world.
• reviews the effect of this belief system on the connections of Eastern and Western nations.
• reviews the history of this idea and how it’s still prevalent today.
• the orient could not represent itself.
• we are socially constructed and what socially constructs us is ‘despite its diversity and contradictions . . . the ruling ideology, which is the ideology of ‘the ruling class

fanon

• Wretch of the Earth –  ‘mechanics of colonialism and its effects of those it ensnared‘ – racial stereotyping, derogatory abuse – as acceptable social interaction due to society ideas

REPRESENTTION – FEMINIST CRITICAL THINKING

judith bulter

• gender as a performance – multiple identities that are performed to different people, in different social settings, under different social conditions

laura mulvey

• male gaze
• female gaze
•  Idea of scopophilia (pleasure of looking) and fetishism (cuts of different parts) – 1st Wave

van zoonen

• woman are not fixed as one thing but are intersected with other thing such as race. They are permanently being reconstructed.

hooks

• multicultural – multiple identities including racism, gender, sexuality such as female and gay

LIBERAL FREE PRESS

habermas

• transformation of public sphere

PSB

curran and seaton

• Diverse landscapes

livingstone and lunt

• regulation
• cultural health vs consumer

hesmondhalgh

• risky business

AUDIENCE THEORIES

gerbner

CULTIVATION THEORY: ‘television cultivates from infancy the very predispositions and preferences that used to be acquired from other primary sources‘ – media (mainly tv) shapes the way people think

• socialisation =
• standardisation =
• enculturation =

hall

REPRESENTATION:

• encoding/decoding = Preferred Reading Theory – different views such as hegemonic/negotiated/oppositional depending on different people – audiences are active in making opinions

lasswell

• heiracrhy of needs
• hypodermic – passive

lazarfield

• 2 step flow – active

clay shirk

• End of Audience – the more ideas there are in circulation, the more ideas there are for any individual to disagree with.

zuboff

• Service Capitalism as the media monitors us

giddens

GAUNTLETT

IDENTITY:

• fluidity of identity =
• constructed identity =
• negotiated identity =
• collective identity =

mcdougall / fenton

 Jean Baudrillard

 IMPLOSION which gives rise to what he terms SIMULACRA. The idea that although the media has always been seen as a representation of reality – a simulation, from Baudrillard’s perspective of implosion, it is has become more than a representation or simulation and it has become SIMULACRUM not just a representation of the real, but the real itself, a grand narrative that is ‘truth‘ in its own right: an understanding of uncertain/certainty that Baudrillard terms the HYPERREAL

gaming magazine made for 12+

action adventure game

released in November 2002

links to post modernism – everything superficial and hyperrealistic

parody – copying real life – remaking friends, celebrities etc

strategic life simulation

developed by EA Mobile and later with Firemonkeys Studios

free version of The Sims for mobile devices

released for iOS on December 15, 2011

released for Android on February 15, 2012

released for BlackBerry 10 on July 31, 2013

released for Windows Phone 8 on September 12, 2013

released for Fire OS in October 2012

game features four types of currency: Simoleons, Lifestyle Points, Social Points, and Simcash, the latter being obtainable by spending real currency

Sims Freeplay received “Generally favorable reviews” from critics, holding an aggregated Metacritic score of 80/100

The video game was banned due to the possibility of establishing a homosexual relationship in: China, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and Egypt

create people of alls sorts of gender style – creative thing

the representative for ea told fans on an online forum that sims mobile game the sims freeplay will no longer be available in 7 countries – spokesperson said “in light of regional standard” the game will no longer be updated. -it was banned due to games explicit LGBT CONTENT.

immerses people to be able to escape their real life and give people control over peoples hyperreality life

Open system -any body can play it – however due to the ban it is now considered as a closed system, as countries like china and saudi arab cannot play the game

Active involvement- play game. and transferring money

war of the worlds – laswell hypodermic 1920 – 30 – more passive audience – all a one way system

life hacks – theorist more currently – clay shirky – the end of audience – more collaborative and interactive as audience can speak in

theorist

1920/30 – lasswell hypodermic shannon

1940 – shannon + weaver – lazarfield 2 step flow

1960 – uses and grats

1970 – gerbner – skinner v chomksy

1980 – stuart hall – preferred reading

2000 – clay shirky

2019 – zuboff surrillane capitalism

• example of a transitional media product which reflects changes in the contemporary media landscape

• it is the replacement for a previous, similar programme, The Surgery

• a traditional radio programme with a regular, scheduled broadcast time

• also available online after broadcast for streaming and downloading

• provides opportunities for audience interaction

• the challenges facing the institution as a public service broadcaster that needs to appeal to a youth audience within a competitive media landscape

MEDIA INDUSTRIES

• a Radio 1 product – has public service status as part of the BBC.

• Identification of funding for Radio 1 through the license fee, concept of a hypothecated tax.

• Life Hacks as multi – platform media product – new technologies

MEDIA AUDIENCES

• niche audiences and provides an opportunity to consider industry regulation and the availability of new technology shapes audience targeting and response

• how are demographics and psychographics likely to affect audience response and produce differing interpretations
• Consider the opportunities for audience interaction and self-representation
• cultivation theory including Gerbner
• reception theory including Hall

SOCIAL AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS

• Life Hacks reflects an acceptance of diversity and a degree of openness in contemporary culture around personal, social and identity issues.

• 1938

andrew cresell wrote book “understanding radio”

says that radio is a blind medium = you cant see it ( you have images and p;pictures in your head)

aliens represent something

fake news is nothing new

“hard times are a breeding ground for misinformation”

• American science fiction disaster film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp
• produced by Paramount Pictures and Dream Works Pictures.
• won Academy Awards nominations for Best Visual Effects, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Sound Editing.
• described as an anti-war film (civilians run and only try to save themselves and their family instead of fighting back against the alien Tripods)
• Debra Saundras (an american journalist) compared the film to independence day
• released in american Ziegfeld Theatre on June 23, 2005
• Director: Steven Spielberg

Budget: 132 million USD

Narrator: morgan freeman

Box office: 603.9 million USD

• example of hybrid radio film
• CBS broadcast
• was a Halloween special – broadcast in Halloween – was it a foax? was it deliberate
• suspending disbelief – people were distressed – are aliens real?
• interesting as its a layer over fake new over fake news
• they want you to believe it was real
• Stanley Cohen wrote a book “folk devils and moral panic” – every time something bad happens, blame the media. The media causes bad things

• it was performed and broadcasted live as a halloween episode at 8pm on over on Columbia broadcasting system radio network
• Sunday, October 30th 1938
• The episode became famous for allegedly causing panic among its listening audience, though the scale of that panic is disputed, as the program had relatively few listeners
• 1 hour programme
• released a year before WW2 – audience already distressed due to Austria war

The novel was adapted for radio by Howard Koch, who changed the primary setting from 19th-century England to the contemporary United States