• Narrative is to do with time and how you use it.
• Aristotle says we have a beginning, a middle and an end.
• Time could be linear, non-linear, sequential or non-sequential.
• Narratives are organised around a particular theme and space and are based in an idea of time.
• Within a music video there is generally a type of theme that connects the images and clips together.
• There is a distinction between narrative, story and plot.

• Bulgarian structuralist theorist Tztevan Todorov.
• Says beginning, middle and end can be classed as equilibrium, disruption and new equilibrium.
• Exposition, climax and denouement.
• What his the high point of drama within the music video?
• Art cannot be wrong.

• Vladimir Propp.
• Stock characters, heroes and villains.
• Stock characters perform stock functions.
• The six stages of a story.

• Claude Levi-Strauss.
• Binary Oppositions.
• We never know what is, we only know what isn’t.
• Concepts and opposite concepts (good and bad).

• Seymour Chatman.
• Kernels: key moments in the plot/narrative structure.
• Satellites; embellishments, developments, aesthetics.
• Rules and strategies.

• My own music video ideas:
• different scenes chopping in and out in a flashback sort of style that runs along side the main story.
• Two girls, both in early teens and perhaps sisters.

• Pastiche : this is an artistic work or style which is similar to the work of another time period or artist in which they may have drawn inspiration.
• Bricolage : this is where a traditional object or language is given a new and subversive meaning and context.
• Intertextuality : could be said to be ther relationship between different texts and refers to a skill of reading betweeen the lines and coming to different analytical conclusions because of the different sides of the texts.
• Implosion : happens when an organisation or a system suddenly fails and collapses.
• Cultural appropriation : is the unacknowledged or inappropriate adoption of customs, ideologies and practises of a more typically more dominant society. Cultural appropriation is also called misappropriation.
• Hyperreality: in semiotics and postmodernism, is an inability of consciousness to distinguish reality from a simulation of reality, especially in technologically advanced postmodern societies.
• Reflexivity: refers to circular relationships between cause and effect, especially as embedded in human belief structures.

Todorov Tripartite Narrative Structure:

National Anthem by Lana Del Rey:

• Beginning Equilibrium: The video starts and Lana sings an introduction as herself and then swiftly turns into the dolled up housewife that resembles the once first lady Jackie Kennedy. She soften`s her children`s hair and kisses her husband. In the varying idyllic video montages it is clear that she lives for her children and her husband and projects the ideal life of “The American Dream”.
• Disruption: The protagonist`s life becomes less about her children and more about her overwhelming lust/love for her husband, who in return is shown to be enamoured with spending, smoking and partying. Money is thrown around a room literally and dice are dropped (showing gambling etc), and Lana sits on a rug made of an animal in an almost crude show of wealth.
• New Equilibrium: From this, the light turns hazier and yet brighter and the dice are picked off the ground physically. The protagonist and her husband sit in an old car with private protection are them, and whilst the camera zooms in on Lana, gunshots are heard and the protagonist`s face resembles that off shock and despair. The video ends with the bright light fading out her face.

Bellyache by Billie Eilish:

• Beginning Equilibrium: Billie is at peace sat by herself on the side of the road. She has a red wagon beside her with binbags in . The protagonist slowly gets up as the music starts and starts walking in the middle of the road with the Hollywood hills in the background.
• Disruption: She begins to open the black bags and reveals multiple stacks of money. In an act of defiance she throws them to the ground and keeps on walking; also running and dancing from time to time. The fact that this is in the middle of the road shows how reckless and carefree she is.
• New Equilibrium: This journey leads her show the viewers an uprooted sunflowers, roots and everything, and she throws it on the road. Swiftly she is then faced with a police car and policeman wielding some sort of baton and she comes to a halt. We are only left with an image closeup of that sunflower in the tarmac.

Just the way you are by Bruno Mars:

• Beginning Equilibrium: It starts with a girl listening to music on her headphones. Bruno Mars then proceeds to enter the frame and removes her headphones before smiling and pulling out the tape from her MP3 player. This starts the beginning of the song.
• Disruption: The music video proceeds to switch between writing lyrics like “she`s so beautiful” and showing us different montages of the girl at the start and Bruno. There is a lot of back and forth flirting that is clearly there to show viewers the overall storyline of the video, although a lot of it shows that it is more heavily from Bruno`s side.
• New Equilibrium: However, this soon changes when the girl sits by Bruno on the piano and is clearly starting to make her own move instead of waiting for him. When the video ends we see the girl sat on the sofa, and because Bruno is at the piano it is almost as if we see her from his eyes.

Music Video Song Choice: For my music video I have chosen the song “Restart” by Pleasure Scheme; a small edinburgh based electric rock band. I chose this song because of the refreshing, alternative style and the lyrics which relate very closely to your teenage yeras and it has a “coming-of-age” feel to it.

For my own music video, I am hoping to create a bright, high-tech and eye-catching video that highlights my interest in art and photography and how it relates to music.

National Anthem: Lana Del Rey

I love this music video because of the atmosphere it gives off and how there is a major vintage feel to it that immediately engages and relaxes the viewer. I also love the dusky colours and striking setting, and how it is art within a music video with different film-like montages.

Bellyache: Billie Eilish

This music video is striking because of it`s saturated colors and the typical “Californian” vibe it gives off. However, the montage of Billie and the lone atmosphere that is depicted is interesting to watch and is different enough to be captivating.

Just the way you are: Bruno Mars

I like the way this music video refrains from just capturing a person and instead also uses physical objects to tell a story. There is a different sound of colour palette for this video however it works just as well.

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Colonialism: Colonialism is the policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance.

Post Colonialism: The academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonised people and their lands.

Diaspora: A diaspora is a scattered population whose origin lies in a separate geographic locale.

Bame: A term long used to refer to black, Asian and minority ethnic people in the UK.

Double consciousness (Gilroy): A term explaining the internal conflict experienced by subordinated groups in an oppressive society.

Cultural absolution/ racial essentialism: The idea that psychological phenomena, eg honesty and intelligence do not differ from culture to culture.

Cultural syncretism: The distinct aspects of different cultures in which blend together to make something unique.

Orientalism (SAID): Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world (could be in a stereotyped way).

Appropriation: Appropriation in art is the use of pre-existing objects or images with little or no transformation applied to them.

Cultural Hegemony: In Marxist philosophy, cultural hegemony is the domination of a culturally diverse society by the ruling class who manipulate the culture of that society.

The public sphere (Habermas): Public sphere, according to Habermas, is a democracy approach in which different groups of people coming together to share their opinion towards social and political issues (Lubenow, 2012).

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Will cover :

1. Media language
2. Media representation
3. Media audiences
4. Media intentions

Talk about language uses and effects, positive or negative? Subtle or blatant?

Curran and Seaton present the view that a free press relies on a free market where individual newspapers can compete through their political stances and points of view. Analyse the ways that the i attempts to establish a distinctive identity within this free market. To what extent has this been successful?

The i is a British national morning paper published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at “readers and lapsed readers” of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent.

How does “the i” attempt to establish a distinctive identity within the free market? How has this been successful?

Can claim to be balanced and have views that are both left and right wing. Although, it does publish many social issues and inequality.

A press statement released on the website of The Independent on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the i.

A press statement released on the website of The Independent on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the i.

Curran and Seaton:

The idea that the media is controlled by a small number of companies primarily driven by the logic of profit and power. … – The idea that more socially diverse patterns of ownership help to create the conditions for more varied and adventurous media productions.

1. Ownership: The first has to do with ownership. The endgame of mass media firms is profit. Critical journalism must take second place to the needs and interests of the corporation.
2. Advertising: The second filter exposes the real role of advertising. Media costs a lot more than consumers will ever pay. So who fills the gap? Advertisers. And what are the advertisers paying for? Audiences. And so it isn’t so much that the media are selling you a product — their output. They are also selling advertisers a product — YOU.
3. The media elite: Governments, corporations, big institutions know how to play the media game. They know how to influence the news narrative. They feed media scoops, official accounts, interviews with the ‘experts’. Journalism cannot be a check on power because the very system encourages complicity, and it is said that those in power and those who report on them are in bed with each other.
4. Flak:  When the media – journalists, whistleblowers, sources – stray away from the consensus, they get ‘flak’. This is the fourth filter. When the story is inconvenient for the powers that be, you’ll see the flak machine in action discrediting sources, trashing stories and diverting the conversation.
5. The common enemy: To manufacture consent, you need an enemy — a target. That common enemy is the fifth filter. Communism. Terrorists. Immigrants. A common enemy, a bogeyman to fear, helps corral public opinion.

Agenda setting: Noam Chomsky defined agenda-setting as the “the tacit alliance between the government of a country (usually Western and especially U.S.) and the media to communicate to viewers, listeners or readers of a medium only what matters, and hide the most of what can be dangerous or detrimental to the stability they think right for their country.”

Framing: Framing involves social construction of a social phenomenon – by mass media sources, political or social movements, political leaders, or other actors and organizations.