“a public space between the private domain and the state in which public opionion was formed and ‘popular’ supervision of government was established” (p. 82: 1996)

Before media there was a dictatorship

Through communication, people have the ability to over ride the Government and those in power via protest ect.

Previously those in charge, monarch etc, dictated. This change when public sphere started connecting horizontally rather than vertically

Before everyone was individuals, through the introduction of reading and writing everyone became able to communicate and unite.

When big companies take control, they dominate information.

People began connecting/having conversations via coffee shops (coffee shop cultures).

Social spaces = Family/friends. Community spaces = Work/school. Public spaces = libraries etc.

Then able to print newspapers etc, people started becoming more aware and educated about the world and current affairs. People began to unit and stand up to make changes.

news coincides and reinforces the definition of the political situation evolved by the political elite

a view that sees large cooperation and medias cooperation working hand in dove

the propaganda model that the media ‘serve to mobilize support for the special interest that dominate the state and private activity’ Chomsky 1988

Chomsky was an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist. Famous for his theory published in the book Manufacturing Consent.

Manufacturing Consent is a book by Edward S. Herman and Noam Chomsky. They proposes that mass communication media of the U.S. “are effective and powerful ideological institutions that carry out a system-supportive propaganda function, by reliance on market forces, internalized assumptions, and self-censorship, and without overt coercion”, Meaning propaganda is a modal of communication.

What is the Network Effect? The value of goods or services increase as more people start to use that good or service.  (Telephone)

Feedback Loop Theory: Provides information to an organisation about the systems successes and problems. Predicting what your going to do before you do it.

What is a Dunbar number? A suggested cognitive limit to the number of people with whom we can maintain stable social relationship with. 150 is the suggested number of friends we can maintain.

Wrote the Book Media is the Massage (‘Media is the message’)

“Societies have always been shaped more by the nature of the media by which men communicate by the content of the communication” (p. 8: 1967)

Theorised that it is the psychical form in which media presents itself that is the importance and has the lasting effect, not the context itself.

e.g the way in which you position your furniture to fit around and face your TV.

The way in which they way communication is delivered is more important then the content and makes psychical and biological changes to humans and they way er live our lives.

New and Old Media:

With old media such as a novel, you can read and immures yourself in the creative story and share the experience with other by reading it with them/discussing it but ultimately is comes to an end. However, with new media it is endless, there are always way to reconnect, binge and immerse yourself constantly. You can adapt it and personalize it. This relate to Teen Vogue

Article One – ‘Ariana Grande Fans Criticize Eminem’s Lyrics Referencing the Manchester Bombing’ https://www.teenvogue.com/story/ariana-grande-eminem-lyrics-manchester-bombing

Teen Vogue is culturally significant in its marrying of the political with fashion and lifestyle: This article delivers important social and political messages about the negative effects and insensitivity of the song while visiting both sides of the story to deliver a fair and valid argument. The magazine does this in such a way by using current language that is simple and relatable and includes popular culture themes such as tweets and singers rivals/scandals to try and position the implied audience to be interested and raise awareness of the more important issues within the text.

Target Audience Teen Girls more traditionally seen as interested in more superficial issues: This article radical as although it includes many ‘superficial’ articles includes many important social and political messages as they try and reach a concerning audience and aims to raise awareness of the issues at hand in a way that captivates the actual audience of anyone reading the magazine.

Explicit feminist stance and reporting on the Trump presidency has made it a relatively radical voice in the context of mainstream US media: This is a feminist stance as it encourages the target audiences to be interested and aware of current social and political issues and is not only aiming to include fashion and beauty articles but important, present issues.

Article Two:

Billie Eilish Talked Coronavirus and Social Distancing on Her Instagram Story/ https://www.teenvogue.com/story/miley-cyrus-hannah-montana-social-distancing-coronavirus-pandemic

https://www.teenvogue.com/story/billie-eilish-world-tour-interlude-video

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Who owns Teen Vogue? The owner of Vogue are Condé Nast

Conglomeration: Condé Nast Inc. is an American mass media company, it is the subsidiary of the parent company Advance publication. They print cross media titles, print and digital companies (horizontal integration) such as Vogue, Vanity Fair and The NewYorker.

Worth: 13 billion dollars as of August 2016. Teen Vogue is worth 35 million.

Conde Nast: Publish magazines and publish on online forums.

Primary Audience: The Primary audience of teen vogue is teenagers.

Messages: Focuses on current popular culture and issues regarding fashion, beauty, celebrities and the empowerment of women.

Technology: Teen Vogue is published as a magazine as well as online.

Layout: Teen Vogue uses lots of images and colours, with headings and links to the articals. They use simple language including slang and modern and informal.