• prices are determined by individual businesses with little to no government control
• people can buy and sell anything
• eg black market

Book = mass media and democracy

Habermas

• early modern capitalism turned into an arena of public debate
• Public sphere – public space between private domain and the state where public opinion was formed

Media watchdog

• role of the media is to act as a public watchdog overseeing the government (informs the public of government affairs eg the tories bracing for drubbing due to fed up voters)
• Most important function of the media
• public service broadcasting

History

• founded october 26 2010 (sister paper to the independent) (costing 20p)
• bought out about a year ago
• bought out for a second time by the Daily Mail for £50m (4th owner)
• named national newspaper of the year in 2015
• 7 may 2011 saturday paper was introduced (more pages costing 30p)

Format

Editor

• Oliver Duff since June 2013
• edited and published in london

Political stance

• Left wing – targets the Tories who are far right

Target audience

• readers and lapsed readers
• all ages
• commuters with limited time

Cost

Economic Left/Right: -2.5
Social Libertarian/Authoritarian: -1.74

• communication between the media and consumers based around a dominant ideology
• media creates new ideologies
• Habermas – development of early modern capitalism created public debate
• people need to be informed and aware of things to form a democracy
• public space between private domain and the government
• source of public information

DENNIS MCQUAIL:

Mass media in the public interest

• The media can be held accountable for what they do
• something’s in the public interest if it serves the ends of the whole society rather than those of some sectors of the society (Banfield 1955)

JAMES CURRAN:

key concepts in liberal democracy :

• media = public watchdog
• public representative
• source of public information

• Public service broadcasting is unresponsive to popular demand

PSB

regulation – free market? or state control

Structures of ownership

• conglomerates own many businesses within the main company so they have lots of control over the population

The role of advertising

• advertisers are paid for the audience

Links with ‘The Establishment’

Diversionary tactics – ‘flack’

Uniting against a ‘common enemy’

• the media manipulates audiences into doing something by using the influence of a common enemy eg terrorists

AGENDA SETTING

• Creation of public awareness and concern of big issues

FRAMING

• Media companies frame a product in a certain way that consumers believe what they believe apposed to believing a different company

MYTH MAKING

• The media creates myths to scare/manipulate people to believe something is going to happen when it isn’t true

CONDITIONS OF CONSUMPTION

Avram Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, historian, social critic, and political activist.

Book – Manufacturing consent : the political economy of the mass media

published 1988

“the political situation evolved by the political elite”

“major media conglomerates control more and more of the world’s media”

“the political an economic perspective has been adopted and primarily by left-wing critics and analysts”

Who really benefits from a digitally networked society? Big business or individuals? Refer to ‘loop theory’ and the ‘Dunbar number’

Both businesses and individuals benefit from a digitally networked society to some extent. Norbet Wiener’s loop theory suggests that successes and problems can be determined through the observation of repeated movements, eg once you see a pattern in something you can then predict how and when that thing is likely to occur again and you can prepare for it. Robin Dunbar’s theory about the dunbar number suggests that us as humans have a limit to how many stable social relationships we can maintain, the limit to this is 150 people, however on average people only connect with about 5-10 people per day.

Big businesses benefit from a digitally networked society by using loop theory because they can analyse data on their websites from customers buying habits, this could be what they buy and how often they buy that item, businesses can spot trends in this and tailor the website to their specific interests and can predict when they may need to increase their production in order to meet demand. Big businesses connect with millions of customers every day so have many more relationships than individuals.

How does big business benefit? What commodity do they trade in? Answer: predictive human behaviour. Write out an answer in your own words.

share	active	creative	host
story	re-connect	personalise	stream
experience	store	scale	immerse
interface	live	adapt	binge
conversation	re-perform	circulate	endless

story – story connects with teen vogue because people read teen vogue magazines to be entertained and stories are a good way to do that, articles published in teen vogue are good stories to read

endless – the teen vogue website has endless articles you can choose from to read, and people can research more on the topic in the teen vogue article if they wish to

live – teen vogue articles are based around current issues / scandals / things happening in celebs lives, so these articles are current and live so are being updated constantly

Technology	and	newspapers
Production	Distribution	Consumption
-pen -pencil -page -word processor -printer -telephone	-large scale printing press -lorries/vans/cars stacks/shelved/display cases -billboards	-paper(ability to read and understand a digital device (ipad/phone/computer) -reading glasses