- Media concentration / Conglomerates – a large corporation that owns many sub-mass media enterprises. For example, marvel is owned by disney
- Globalisation (in terms of media ownership) – the integration of media through the cross cultural exchange of ideas
- Vertical Integration & Horizontal Integration
- Gatekeepers – people who assess and defend is something is in a certain category
- Regulation / Deregulation – the placing and the watching of a system
- Free market vs Monopolies & Mergers
- Neo-liberalism
- Surveillance / Privacy / Security / GDPR
All posts by Cinn
Filters
tv essay
PSB – Public Service Broadcast
The missing used Twitter to advertise
(quotes, evidence in photo)
through verified twitter accounts, paid to promote tweets
hidden figures
- Hidden Figures is a co-production between independent production companies and a major Hollywood conglomerate through its film subdivision Fox 2000
- Case study of industry context would include Fox as a conglomerate with an exploration of the role of low budget film making in its wider strategy.
- With a budget of $25m Hidden Figures is a low to medium budget Hollywood film, an industry category which has recently been recognised for its profit potential.
- Distribution techniques – focus on traditional distribution and exhibition linked to targeted audience.
- The concept of “risk-taking” in terms of subject matter which might not be tackled by big budget productions.
- Regulation of conglomerates, debates about ownership and control
genre TWO
In what ways is ‘genre’ beneficial for transnational audiences?
- a lot of the genres are very similar in content so you know what to expect
- reoccurring tropes in genre allow the content to be understood more easily for the audience
In what ways is ‘genre’ beneficial for transnational institutions?
- they can be consumed by an international audience as they know what to expect from a particular genre
- this brings in more money and a larger engagement with a wider audience
definitions
stephen neale – a uk based theorist with an enormous contribution to genre studies. Neale views genre as a process, meaning that they evolve over time.
repertoire of elements – identifiable aspects of text belonging to the corpus
corpus – group of texts identified as belonging to the same genre
hybridisation – mixing one genre with another
historic specificity – belonging to a particular time period
repetition/sameness – repeated successful tropes in genre that allow parts of the genre to be recognised more.
variation/change – the tendency for genre texts to reformulate with new qualities to prevent audiences from becoming tired of a formula
narrative image – expectations of a genre text based on its label often passed from word to mouth
expectations and hypotheses – requirements to be fulfilled, and narrative and other predictions made by an audience based onprior experience of a genre
suspend disbelief – a sense of connection or belief the audience has to maintain to invest themselves in the story
generic regime of verisimilitude –norms and laws of a genre
| CATEGORY | SIMILARITIES | DIFFERENCES | THEORY |
| CHARACTERS | the detective who has a ‘natural’ instinct for law and order | The Killing, has two detectives, one female. The missing has the main detective as male | PROPP |
| NARRATIVE | the first episode often introduces a lot of different characters | the missing had a non linear time structure | TODOROV |
| THEMES | the use of binary oppostions around familiar themes: family, community, law and order, justice. | the missing was a mystery that links to something much much larger rather than the killing which felt more like a murder mystery that was just one person or small group | LEVI-STRAUSS |
| REPRESENTATION | reactionary representations of police, family, law and order, urban/rural | the killing has a lead female detective which is radical. Both have active and protective mothers which is half reactionary half radical | SEMIOTICS |
| TECHNICAL CODES / LANGUAGE OF MOVING IMAGE (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc) | opening montage sequence that often gives clues as to the whole series – themes, locations, characters, events etc. | the missing shows a big but early twist which entices the viewer to invest. Furthermore, the music in the missing has a more emotional feel rather than the killing which attempts to entice the viewer straight away by showing tension |
The missing
“The Missing” follows Tony, played by James Nesbitt, as a man devastated by the abduction of his young son, Oliver, during a family vacation in France. He becomes a man obsessed, unable to accept that his child may be dead and spends years searching for him.
- was initially called the breakdown. Filming began in february 2014
- The series was co-produced by New Pictures, Company Pictures, Two Brothers Pictures and Playground Entertainment
- audience is adults who like the mystery thriller genre as well as psychological drama
- origin is from the united kingdom, in english
- it was played by the British Broadcast Company
- the bbc is a public service broadcaster, operating in the uk, but also is available overseas in subscription packages, which it earns additional revenue from.
- multiple languages within the film, national accessibility
theorists:
- curran and seaton: discuss how corporate conglomerate media services have prevailed over small scale services due to an increase in funding from advertisements etc
commercial media: various media types owned by private, for-profit corporations. E.g. disney
public service broadcaster: non-profit media types owned by the government paid for through public tax money. e.g. the bbc (the missing)
horizontal integration: the process of owning or controlling many different types of media through diversification
vertical integration: the process of owning all stages of production and distribution
media convergence/concentration – multiple corporations working together to create a product or service
media pluralism – a media landscape with a healthy balance of products made by different media company types.
hesmondhalgh – “the increase in the presence and status of marketing represents a shift in creativity and commerce” – relates to genre
| hesmondhalgh | case studies |
| changing audience consumption patterns | missing – episodes available to watch online after the show aired, allowing audience to watch anytime with relative accessibility |
| multi sector integration | missing – bbc and starz – international co-production |
| star formatting | missing – using known actors such as david morrissey and Tchéky Karyo |
| genre based formatting | using stock characters involved in the thriller genre – the detective, the murderer, etc |
| serialisation | bbc often makes crime thrillers – there is an existing audience for these programs so less risk. spinoff Baptiste allows for more audience engagement |
| independent stylising | the missing often includes trans-language elements, where multiple scenes include characters in differen countries speaking different languages, |
| internationalisation | available in multiple languages with subtitles – more accessible to diffrent languages. also distributed through the bbc, which can be watched overseas |
livingston & lunt – regulation is too lax
- ofcom – allowed a number of organisations to have light touch regulation
- IPSO -press regulation body (who is the press) – self regulation
drawbacks of a self regulated system:
- self regulation does not mean good regulation
- loose rules leads to exploitation
- rules can be bent for room for profit
2003 communications act
- promoted independent television production
- however as a result of this lack of solid framework tehre is an increase in self regulation meaning rules can be bent
hwo do you regulate media on a global scale:
- a solid set of global rules need to be made in regards to production to avoid situations that involve bending the rules
- (a set of standards) – e.g. like production standards, for example, food quality laws in the UK
- transnational regulatory body? for example, organisations such as the WTO
| category | familiarities from csps | difference from chosen csps | theory |
| characters | stock characters – detective, victim | ||
| narrative | major crime occurs & investigation from detective | ||
| themes | mystery, | murder (witnesses) | |
| representation | witnesses has woman as main detective whereas missing has old man | ||
| technical codes/language of moving image (music, setting, props, lighting, use of camera, editing etc) |
table
| Theorist | What does it mean (in your own words) | How does it apply to the advert (in your own words) |
| Equilibrium | todorovs theory. a state of balance in a story before the main character goes on a quest and goes through the stages of a story | before the mascara is applied |
| Binary Opposition | two or more oppositions in media or characters that fulfill a function | representation of gay person compared to straight woman |
| Character Types | set presets of characters that are often portrayed in media |
| Technical Code | Denotation (ie what is it – simply describe what you see / hear) | Connotation (ie what does it signify) |
| Setting | new york | success, wealth and high-end |
| Clothing | clothing goes from greyscale to shiny gold and silver | transformation |
| NVC | they appear confident and powerful after applying the mascara | this product will give you unshakable confidence |
| Dialogue | they stop talking once they get “bossed up” because they don’t have to | shows that their power speaks for them |
| Sound Effect | sparkle | magic, transforming |
| Music | hip hop | feeling powerful |
| Camera shot size | Different camera angle cuts | shows the product being used and provides evidence to the audience that they are using the product so the results are more realistic |
| Camera movement | emphasizes the transformation | power |
| Editing | enhanced gold effect | shows the suitcase as being valuable and worth a lot |
Question 1 and 2
